The document discusses the phases of management studies and their role in developing employable skills in India. It describes how management studies have evolved over time, from being more theoretical to becoming more practical and focused on developing job-relevant skills. It discusses how events like World War 2 and the introduction of liberalization, privatization and globalization have impacted management education in India and increased the focus on developing skills like leadership, communication, and globalization. Overall, it examines how management education can better prepare students for the global job market by improving areas like teaching quality, developing new specialized courses, and ensuring faculty have relevant global expertise.

1. Phases of Management Studies: Role in Employable Skill Generation
Today, most challenging task before the academicians are, how to keep class rooms under learnable atmosphere
and maintain them invariably, around the campus, to get the brigade of sound humane for entire society. Until the
promulgations of Liberalization, Privatizations and Globalization (L.P.G.), such duties were entrusted to available
experimental knowledge and carefully restricted under the paraphernalia as and when implemented by the
Government agencies concerned therewith.
L.P.G. has given us the opportunity to rethink and react globally beyond the traditions of known landscapes; it
provides a scope of multi cultural and multi functional exchange,an auspicious feeling and experiences of success
as well.
The effect of Liberalization, has Liberated us in many ways but compel to behave responsibly, a sense of inclusive
growth through sustainable excellence became the mantra and adapted in the throes of changing.
Let us examine how, we as a practitioner, really want to be focused on the urgency of Global parameters. This is
the high time, to analyze and compare the role of existing model of Education system. How long deformity over
bear priority?
We have been attaining the figure of largest population volume, but none of our institution has so far been
enlisted among the 20 most favoritecampuses,as Dubai,Singapore,Japan even Thai based institution successfully
been.
Back Ground: The last report of Ministry of Human Resource Development has provided us a clear scenario,
covers from early 50’s and finishes up to 2012. During early 50’s (1950-51) the number of Primary school were
209671,Upper Primary,13596,Higher Secondary or Intermediate or Pre/Jr.Colleges were 7416,Colleges for General
education was 370,Colleges for Technical/Professional Courses were 208 and the gross strength of University was
only 27.
If we look back at the ratio of enrolments by stages in school then it was 19.2 in Primary, 3.1 in Middle/Upper
primary and 1.5 in higher secondary/Intermediate Level colleges. Notably, pupil-teacher ratio was 24 in Primary
level, 20 in Middle and Upper primary and 21 in High/Higher Secondary/Intermediate institution. The promising
figure, drop out rates of all students from class I to X was nil.
In comparison of aforementioned facts and figures with last year figure, we found disappointing picture. Some
how we managed to manifold them than those accounted and left 62 year ago! But unable to develop and desi gn a
level full qualitative measures which uninterruptedly followed and thoroughly practiced by the most educative
countries.
The statistical figure could not even cross the bracket of 30% in Quantity, rather degenerated above than 60% in
Quality.
During 2011-12 the total strength of Primary school was 824852(Incensement: 3.93%) Upper primary school
310584(Incr:22.84%) Higher secondary/Intermediate college 170268(Incr: 22.95%) Colleges for general education
11458(Incr: 32.41) Colleges for Tech/Professional education 37274(Incr: 17.9%) and the number of
Government/Privately owned University was 377 only (Incr: 13.96%) {Respecting of 1950-51 data}.
Results, emerging out from the extant data are not so impressive to put forward them for reckonable
consideration in any forum. Education sector is badly lacking with rigorous reformation. Since 1950 various
projects and programs have been undertaken in experimental manner, through different methodology, in order to
create an interest full exercise and favorable situation among the beneficiaries. Unfortunately most of them either
prematurely lifted or have failed to gather positive response. The fate of state sponsored program was so pitiable
that the data related with school drop-out rates or proportionate variation between pupil and teacher became
wide open than ever before. The schools drop out rate (from class I to X) crossed above 60% and the pupil-teacher
ratio was 73 in primary level 46 in Middle/Upper primary level and 52 in High or Intermediate Institution.
Warning bell has already alarmed us, every one must realize the fact, even after elapse of 56 long years, our
academic cum intellectual growth rate is halted around 30% only.
Recently, Government has announced another 15 point new programs and out of them 5 programs were identified
and proposed for mass literacy promotion across the four corners of this land. Earlier we witnessed the impact of
L.P.G. which prompted the Government to introduce a series of educational program including a separate bill,
namely Education for all by 2020. (Though, it was envisaged by G.k.Gokhle, very before the appearance of L.P.G.,
almost one hundred and one year ago!!). Programs and project would appear again and again as pointedly been
suggested in the last month also. But moot question is how the proposed agenda would be translated into action?
Are we adequately armed to face and deliver the things as per Global criterion!! Unfortunately not, because the
emergence of AGANWADI, SHARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN, or SHIKSHA MITRA as the attribution of trans-continental
change yet to deliver any demographic dividend in the society. Most of the agendas are unfulfilled or lifted before
maturity.
There is no iota of doubt that India took wise decision and became an active partner of globalization process. But
wisdom becomes more troublesome and doubtful, when half of the existingpopulation shows their displeasure in

2. (2)
nodding the feeling of own state. This non welcoming approach has now taken the shape of well defined protest,
caused an irreparable loss to the society and defacement of the nation .Why majority of us hesitant and prefer to
behave abnormal on enjoying the minimum benefit of Global Terms, under the respective condition? The answers
are laid within the prevailingcondition of Elementary Education System .Our policies and attitudes don’t permit us
to share same stature what already interacted by industrially developed countries.
We areunableto accept the presence of globalization as an agentof social transformer, privatization as a tool for
differentiation or liberalization as a sourceof excellence. Individually weare vivid,culturally timid, role of team are
invisible,habitually unorganized and socially bi-furcated and finally we have been placed under “Richer among the
poorest “category. Why such a wide gap? There are series of reason, many of them are not valid in practical but
most of them are genuine in nature. The most valid one; scarcity of employable, and knowledgably skilled
personnel, more importantly our entire education policies and their roles proved unfit to supply the demand.
It has often reminded us; L.P.G. was introduced so hurriedly than actual floor work and jumped in to our deft
system or are not we ignorant enough to foresee them properly? Are the matters of further debate?
In India, the back ground of Management Studies and their role in employability have a significant history. The
meaning of Management Studies, Management, Skill or courses like M.B.A, P.G.D.B.M, are mistakenly equated as
similarly as any other stream of Management. But in reality, none of them possess any similarity, each holds
separate entity. As a matter of fact, they are interrelated and integrated wing of interdisciplinary function, based
on common objective. If we elaborate one after another then, it will be easier to differentiate them more tangibly
to erode the misconceptions, advocated and duly considered through out the society.
Education: This is a continuous process by a person’s mind and character is improved through teaching, especially
formal instruction at a school. Educating bring knowledge, which help us to detect what is wrong, which one
suitable to the nation.
Study: A periodical event, spent on one or more subject as a part of Educational/Professional course through
research. This is a process of meticulous presentation of the situations. Study Scrutinizes the scope of further
amelioration in the existing theory. A complete study covers three stages (i) Analysis (ii) Synthesis and (iii) Thesis.
Skill: An Extra ordinary ability, which motivates the person to accomplish the tasks before the action of
competitors. Skill could not teach rather gained through in-depth learning and regular practices.
Management: This is an art or practice of managing the money, also a science when it assists as an acquirer of
newest thing either tangible or conceptual formation.
M.B.A: A post graduate and post experience academic curricula, offers courses in business administration, like;
Business Economics, Strategy, Human Resource, Marketing, Finance, Operation Mgmt., O.B, Soft skill, Leadership&
negotiation or Internet (e-commerce),and Globalization also.
Two Great War,popularly known as firstand second World War, did introduce us with destruction and their ruins
are remembered and reseeded to get an alternative path of wealth accommodation. Resources can be relocated
with out being confrontation or challenges could be met in scarcity by restricting the chances of physical battle,
such ideas came from the aftermath of war and became a popular agenda to all. A new concept has emerged, in
favour of the genuine growth of the mankind; growth is possible, even if, with out killing or facing the agonies of
destruction, this feeling, strive to take the shape of future development policies. People at large and nation in
particular, adapt the theory of “Less fight more might”.
Legacies of war, Role of commanders, their skilful techniques and strategically approached decisions, managed to
add a modern chapter in the professional course and a subject took birth, with ultramodern shape under
constructiveformation. In early days, the study of Management was,theory oriented, expansive,not implicativein
action but talkative in nature. Thanks to Second World War, the techniques of how to gain by minimizing the loss
through a mathematical calculation and their application in the field were the gift of Second World War. It was
proved that, commander who had been follower of calculus theory in action, became more gainer than their
competitor. How to survive in the battle field or how to sustain in the market are not tough tasks, but how to win
the battle and kept the country in safeor convert the productin to choiceablebrand and win the hearts of million
with out doubt, are the real challenge for every professionals. An individual can not be a good professional, until
he discovers the need of the situations: weakness of the competitors and strength of own team, above all, until
he/she could identify the future in uncertainty. The quality of a good commander or real leader is not only to
preach and become rich but an approachablereflection of action,to complete the assigned jobs atminimumcosts,
before the attacking actions from competitors.
Therefore, to lead a team or troop is not too easy; it requires certain expertise, more importantly a sense of
differentiation must prevail in future course of action.
Our managers, economist even financial experts were unknown about actual applications of correct
differentiation, till the inclusion of Operation & Research as one of the major subject paper in the studies of
Management. This inclusion had changed the earlier concept of Management Studies. The study became more
scientific, practical, digitalized and dignified than ever before.

3. (3)
During Second World War, as mentioned earlier, the role of calculus became more evident in every affair.
Strategist like, professional apart from Defense personnel to Local shopkeepers, took habit of the formulae of
dy/dx in their most of the forecasting operations. Integral calculus acquired an importance in Economics and
differential calculusin thechapters of Operation and Research Management. People at largestarted to receive and
gather the positiveresults of correctdifferentiation of loss and profit at their work. Belatedly, it was introduced in
India duringthe second plan and importanceof theory based economic analysis had been replaced by statistics.An
assimilation practice through calculus adapted as an essential technique for decision making process.
Phases of Study: It took almost thirty years (1960-80) to transform this course from being Cinderella of
professional qualification in to being the sine-quanon for every aspiring manager. There were only two colleges for
M.B.A. course, one in London and other in Manchester in 1965. But Japan and Germany did not even introduced
M.B.A, they designed a separatebut successful sophisticated model of Business Studies by introducing topics like;
Organizational culture and relevant tactics on latest economic trends. They reject the traditional path and
theoretical ambience and became firstrunner than the custodians of conventional model till the recession of 1980.
The changes of 80’s had a profound impact on Business. Terms like, innovation, e-commerce, soft skill and
Negotiation (Lobbying) were introduced and occupied a lion portion in business affairs. Branding in any shape or
Positioning in any form became mirror of the time. But lack of qualified teachers and improper teachings in Soft
skill, Leadership, globalization and Negotiation create a problem in the training and development of future
manager. The level of training was abysmally inferior. Traditional started to feel M.B.A’s are arrogant difficult to
put forward in to established career path. The supply of M.B.A. became less than ever before. In 1985 only 30%
workforce was in the job training and Industries were opinionated on, “Managers were born, not made”.
Recruiters restrict their haunting in a few elite schools. Average and below average had to close their “M.B.A.”
fashioned show. M.B.A. program was no more a ladder to conquer lucrative job among bright graduates.
But appearanceof L.P.G. and its attributives,for example, courses on Hospitality Management, Retailingin Finance
brought a fresh air and compel the things to think differently. Western models fostered withi n the non vocational
frame work, were revalued and the entire methodology revamped in late 1980’s. Academic values were added in
the courseand the chapters on Entrepreneurship, Communication,Leadership, Innovations gotan important place
in the curriculum with an objective to breed such graduates, who can handle the work in a multi cultural and ever
changing commercial environment. ”Leadership comes from foresightness” had become slogan to every campus.
Radicalismdramatically replaced by innovation. Subjects those were by-passed earlier, rearranged and applied in
the mainstream. Quality took over quantity.
In a result,150 new business schoolsin U.K. and 5000 in the U.S.A. succeeded to obtain an affiliatory recognisation
for promoting the management centre beyond known boundaries. The study of Management got a destination of
nurturing. Educators wear down past entity and addressed as techno-savvy citizen around the society. University
of Pennsylvania, Wharton school, decided to move away from their traditiona l identity(Training ground for fast
moving wall street based financiers), number crunching specialization in order to create general management
courses,which followed by all businessschools and M.B.A. courses in creased dramatically. Now different courses
are availed in differentcampus. Then what signifies leading campus from others? Narrowly, two options: (i) Up-to-
date information & (ii) Specialization facility but in elaborative manner, we found ten common determinants,
which led the aspirants in choosing the right campus as mentioned below;
Sl No. F&Q Percentile Percentile
(Cited by aspirants in abroad) (Cited by aspirants in India)
1. Reputation 34% 3%
2. Program content 17% 5%
3. Location 14% 2%
4. Teaching Quality 10% 7%
5. Publicity 9% 4%
6. Recommendation 4% 1%
7. Methodology 5% 5%
8. Placement 3% 34%
9. Fees 2% 27%
10. Starter’s salary 2% 12%
Now a days, Management is passing through more critical phase, new subjects yet to be acknowledged as
compulsory paper within the study, for example; Environmental science, C.S.R, Negotiation, Internet and

4. (4)
Globalization. The introduction of technology in the process of Learning as the inclusion of new subjects, have
become essential feature, because the days of lecturing on a topic, with out substantial proof of practical, are
vanishing from the class room. Newly subject to be taught by whom? Are the numbers of academic staff wrapped
up in Global parameter of the right calibre adequate enough in numbers? Even if sufficient, then how they could
be utilized for further absorption, are the major challenges before practitioners like us.
Role: Accordingto Taylor, “Manager should gather traditional knowledgepossessed by workmen after that clarify
and reduce them to laws, rules, and formulae, in a scientific form for each of element of main work to replace old
values and thumb methods. Followed by Scientific selection and training under new methods are the roles of
manager in order to set the house in order, by formatting a schedule to cope with men as best possible way they
could be”. Unfortunately, this theory seldomenly applied, therefore could not produce proven record of success in
majority of the Indian organization. In India, benefits of the theory forcibly occupied and enjoyed by the white
colored forces. M.B.A. graduate means an officer with out specific duty, but to officiate them satisfactorily as a
bridge to fill gap and establish a clear communication between superior and subordinate. Management study has
two contributory roles in breeding the future performer as an asset, valuable partner for organization and by
training a success full player,to perform the duties on behalf, through soft dealings with clients,not half heartedly,
by jeopardizing the cultural ethics of the organization, under the pressure of global impact.
This is hard to presume, how many M.B.A. programs are offered, probably 700 programs in U.S.A. and 200 in
Europe, which provide 100,000 M.B.A graduates in a year and 1,000 to 2,000 graduates from else where, including
India. Important of all is not so much whether a candidate has an M.B.A. But from where such graduations are
coming from? Facts are, M.B.A. itself,is no longer a passport to a six figure salary world, management institutions
are, no longer capableto supply the demands of multinational or production houses of national repute. Today the
decisivefactor for aspiring candidates is; which course and institution provide the best value for their money and
time. But in our country, Employer—School relationship yet to establish an open amicability, to compete the
respective mutual interests, as promptly been carried and shared between, abroad based colleges and Mc Kinsey,
Gold man sach, Kellogg, Nestle, Alcan, Enron e.t.c.
With an objective of strengthening the “Give and Take” relationship further more, North western University’s
highly respected Kellogg graduate school of management joined up with the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton
school to support a new Indian school of management, just outskirt of Hyderabad. Now they are indisposition of
their 12th batch, ready to take the load of worries of next day. A climateof Global class room environment through
video conferencingvia satellite,had taken placedue to their activeparticipation.It has been realized by the global
educators that, employers areincreasingly lookingfor skill and that can be transformed in to another part through
technology, longbefore the launchingof executive programs in any premier institution.There is few more business
school that did develop in continental Europe, grew not from territorial educational pattern but from the demands
of industry e.g.; INSEAD in Fontainebleau, (France) was started by a like minded group of businessmen with the
help from Paris Chamber of Commerce. Similarly, I.M.D., in Lausanne, (Switzerland) is the results of merger
between IMI & IMEDE, later two schools started as in-house training centre by a couple of multinationals ALCAN
and NESTLE respectively.
At the beginning of 2000 INSEAD took brave steps and their new campus in Singapore, 55 students enrolled on its
one year M.B.A. program and 8 of its faculty moved permanently to south East Asian island state. The scarcity of

5. (5)
internationally famed manager was allocated.Though it was an expensive exercise, not applicable rather possibly
acceptableto every one, there was a chance of disruption in the existingorganizational cultureand implicationson
their children and parents due to movable career were also,unknown, as the situation was uncertain. A demand of
structural formation was in the air, to avoid confrontation with other culture both in and out side of the
organization.
In 1990, the role was appreciated and duly acknowledged as the route to upper echelons of Finance & Consulting
like; Gold man sachs, Mckinsey or farms of their equivalents. Ten years ago Mckinsay hired almost all M.B.As but
last year they prefer to recruit Lawyers, Doctors, Economists, Scientist, Military officer, or Former Govt. officials.
Contrarily, most of the U.S. based accounting firms, hired 1/3 of their employee from a leading Indian school and
Enron, a fast growing utility provider preferred to select retired defense personnel, with a hope, people from the
armed forces are travel friendly and easily meet the employers target, as they have been habitual of the assigned
duties.
What ails India: Teacher is being replaced by technology with out proportionate figure. Devices are adapted as
the tools to accommodate the essential features like; syllabus, materials of living case study, audio-visualization
and their impact full responses aretoo shortto apply them in action. In India,capacity of building, maintenance of
class room environment and effortlessness in the attainment of academic excellence has deliberately been
ignored. The pupil and teacher, who are genuinely interested on discovering the causes of the problem and love
their job as an opportunity for innovative exercise, are thoroughly neglected through out the career, the norms of
All India Council for Technical Education and their level of selection are much more inferior to regulations of most
ordinary businessschool of Singapore. The policies and age old dictating styles of A.I.C.T.E. have been encouraging
the academician to perform their duties within the written and circulated norms, not beyond the known and
depicted guide lines, which made the studies of business management more impractical and did hamper the
further prospective as immensely as never before. The most ailing part which has been active as main hurdle in
educating the Indian graduates at par other developed country is, irrelevant syllabus and their nodding through
out country. We and our policy maker did not show a caring attitude to jump over future, unable to think and act
in accordance the demand of the day. Teachers are regarded and recruited as the theorist more than a real
performer of business terms. Unwillingness,lack of accountability, misutilisation of funds have been common and
rampant in program and practice. There is no presence of monitoring at every level of education and placing the
country out of the universally accepted orbit. Indian organization and their working culture are dependable on the
presence full activity of men at the work. It has been witnessed that organization who prefer to complete their
work through the resources other than human are more productive than the giants, who feel proud to claim
thousand figure strength as their man power. The chances of Entrepreneurial initiative, communication &
Leadership and opportunity of further implications in the working place are forbidden due to the negative
attitudes so far been exhibited in the curriculum prescribed by A.I.C.T.E. and duly encouraged by overpopulated
staff strength. In India, non issues are taken more promptly, pity matters are highlighted swiftly and working
conditions are converted in to tense full situations in and around the organization by none other than employers
who love to enjoy the corporate planning by neglecting the minimum norms of corporate governance. In JAPAN &
GERMANY, Employees and Banks have greater say in the future of their organization, which prevent hostile take
over. But in India, such options are rarely applied, even if applied after the fulfillment of demands, those already

6. (6)
 intensified and raised from employers group not considering the grievances of the employees. An
organization, totally dependable on the behavior and culture of employees and unable to bear the
installation of latest technology has to face and suffer from non issues, like absenteeism, inefficiency,
interference, or in amicablerelationshipswithin the working premises, even the chances of sabotage cant
be ignored too easily to streamline the operational costs under control. Indian working force doesn’t
posses a uniform culture, neither any feeling of such sensitivity, what generally found around educated
group. Our managers are bound to sort out additional duties to keep the subordinates in performing
mode. Most of the organizations arelackingwith in-housetrainingfacility,which increases the chances of
disloyalty among the working force and absence of transparency at the work. To handle an uneducated
force smoothly requires spontaneous decision and if the culture is full of disparity ra ther covered under
avoiding tactics of real issues then the chance of non issues become more evident in the entire process.
Unfortunately a section of employers are too busy to engineer the financial applications in to personal
benefit, feel comfortable to denounce the corporate as well as employees responsibility in their entire
innings, and their intentions are gladly encouraged due to the absence of educated working force in their
organization. Policy maker like A.I.C.T.E, D.D.E, I.L.O and forum like ASSOCHEM, FICCI, C.I.I. have kept
mum over the issues how an employee could be brought as a performer and to be refrained from extra
engagement with proper training and development of personality to lead a dignified life. Similarly our
employers have exploited the situation as an advantage of further discrimination. There are many more
ailing factors which don’t permit us to translate the meaning of KAIZEN in Indian language. Industries for
example; Tea, Cement, Leather, Jute, Brass,Glass,Brick clinsand locally owned Steel manufacturing units
are the worst sufferer and people have thoroughly been discriminated employed therewith. Non Issues
like;Gender discrimination,Wages,Ethics, and Retrenchment got more importancethan the real issues of
Training and development. Time has come to think and act on how to compile them properly, because
further more inequality would not allow us to sustain in the market. Full time appointment of expert
people on Environment, Finance, Quality control and Innovative operations re the demand of the day,
every one must realize the reality. Reality is an improved working condition could only be possible, when
there is an ample scopeof transparency, a sense of sincerity in the work would be possible, when there is
accountability and honesty comes when there is an adequacy. The role of expert is to bring an equal
responsibility and to establish an atmosphere of integrity, among both employee and employer. Finally
if we look at the past performance of our national and state level authority for technical education then
unable to see any positive steps initiated by any of them to breed a manager or people as subordinate,
who can tackle such non issues mainly influenced by external environment. The influence of external
environment could have been avoided under the same model, followed and applied in developed country,
but in India which is impossible unless our working force including aspiring mangers are industrially
educated. We arestill indulged and confronted on most ordinary issues,which shows the immaturity and
fail to show the results despite prosperity.
There is a hope and our policy maker could take note of the booming situation, recently
MYHIRINGCLUB.COM has announced openings of 1.2 million fresh job in 2013, surveyed on 45,459
companies around the world. ------------Jaideep Chatterjee, Teacher& Thinker of Mangement