1) The Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) in Tanzania works to mainstream HIV programming into its natural resource management and economic growth activities.
2) JGI home-based care provider Jumanne helps an HIV-positive family in Kasuku village, including transporting the sick daughter to the hospital and supporting their adherence to antiretroviral treatment.
3) By addressing local health, education, and economic priorities, JGI's community-centered conservation model fosters synergies between natural resource protection and socioeconomic development in communities surrounding Gombe National Park.
AIDSTAR-One Civil Society and Government Unite to Respond to Gender-based Vio...AIDSTAROne
The document summarizes CEPAM's work responding to gender-based violence (GBV) in Ecuador through service provision, advocacy, and awareness campaigns. It describes CEPAM's history of establishing health centers and legal services for GBV survivors. It also discusses Ecuador's National Plan for eradicating GBV, implemented through partnerships between government agencies and civil society organizations like CEPAM. While progress has been made in laws, justice access, and awareness campaigns, more work is still needed to improve health and social services, increase funding, and change underlying social norms accepting GBV.
Thematic Assessment on Physical Assault - YemenMuhammad Idrees
The document summarizes the findings of a GBV assessment conducted in 8 governorates in Yemen in December 2015. It finds that reports of physical assault against women have increased significantly since the start of the conflict in March 2015, with 66% of respondents indicating a rise. Key reported causes for the increase include displacement, lack of economic opportunities, breakdown of rule of law, and psychological impacts of the conflict. The frequency and severity of physical violence was found to vary between governorates. Recommendations are made for improved GBV prevention and response programming combining efforts of communities, humanitarian organizations, and local associations.
The document discusses several initiatives that have been taken in Asia to promote gender equality in humanitarian response efforts. It provides examples of:
1) A "DRR Gender Checklist" used in the Philippines to ensure gender inclusion in disaster risk reduction programming.
2) "Women Friendly Spaces" set up in Pakistan after floods to provide psychosocial support and empowerment opportunities for women.
3) A "Gender Emergency Checklist" developed for Pakistan and Afghanistan to remind aid groups of key gender issues to consider in emergency response.
4) Efforts in Nepal after the 2015 earthquake to establish a gender working group, develop gender indicators, and advocate for women's participation in recovery planning.
“Women are not only victims, they have driving power of changes, exclusive knowledge and skills that have crucial importance for providing solutions and managing risks”.
During the last 10 years 3 400 natural disasters took place in the world – hurricanes, floods earthquakes and other natural calamities. More than 700000 people died, more than 1,4 mln were injured and 23mln lost shelter. In general disaster affected 1,5 bln people and women, children and vulnerable people were most affected.
The document discusses children's vulnerability during disasters in the Philippines and the importance of child participation. It summarizes the programs of Share An Opportunity Philippines Inc., which works to support children affected by poverty and disasters. Focus group discussions with children in disaster-impacted areas explored their views on how communities and parents can better ensure children's survival, protection, participation, and development during and after disasters. The children provided input on safe evacuation locations and engaging youth in disaster risk reduction committees. The report recommends empowering children and including them in community disaster planning.
1. The document discusses case studies of three municipalities in southern Philippines that successfully implemented proactive disaster risk reduction measures.
2. The municipalities established close working relationships between local governments and communities, empowered communities, and prioritized prevention and mitigation activities like early warning systems and emergency response training.
3. Key lessons identified included the importance of political will, inter-departmental cooperation, flexibility, and community participation in planning and implementing disaster risk management interventions.
1) Nigeria saw a over 50% reduction in polio cases in 2009 compared to 2008, with Rotary playing a key role through advocacy and immunization efforts.
2) Rotary advocates to government, religious, and traditional leaders and conducts workshops to train local Rotary leaders in polio eradication.
3) The decline is attributed to increased support from federal, state and local governments as well as allies like journalists and women's groups working with communities.
The document discusses how climate change disproportionately impacts women. It notes that women are more dependent on natural resources for tasks like collecting water and food. Climate disasters exacerbate gender inequalities by increasing women's workloads and restricting their access to education and resources. The impacts of climate change on women are often overlooked in international agreements. Studies show women face higher risks during natural disasters and their agricultural livelihoods are threatened by climate impacts like changing rainfall patterns and food price increases.
AIDSTAR-One Civil Society and Government Unite to Respond to Gender-based Vio...AIDSTAROne
The document summarizes CEPAM's work responding to gender-based violence (GBV) in Ecuador through service provision, advocacy, and awareness campaigns. It describes CEPAM's history of establishing health centers and legal services for GBV survivors. It also discusses Ecuador's National Plan for eradicating GBV, implemented through partnerships between government agencies and civil society organizations like CEPAM. While progress has been made in laws, justice access, and awareness campaigns, more work is still needed to improve health and social services, increase funding, and change underlying social norms accepting GBV.
Thematic Assessment on Physical Assault - YemenMuhammad Idrees
The document summarizes the findings of a GBV assessment conducted in 8 governorates in Yemen in December 2015. It finds that reports of physical assault against women have increased significantly since the start of the conflict in March 2015, with 66% of respondents indicating a rise. Key reported causes for the increase include displacement, lack of economic opportunities, breakdown of rule of law, and psychological impacts of the conflict. The frequency and severity of physical violence was found to vary between governorates. Recommendations are made for improved GBV prevention and response programming combining efforts of communities, humanitarian organizations, and local associations.
The document discusses several initiatives that have been taken in Asia to promote gender equality in humanitarian response efforts. It provides examples of:
1) A "DRR Gender Checklist" used in the Philippines to ensure gender inclusion in disaster risk reduction programming.
2) "Women Friendly Spaces" set up in Pakistan after floods to provide psychosocial support and empowerment opportunities for women.
3) A "Gender Emergency Checklist" developed for Pakistan and Afghanistan to remind aid groups of key gender issues to consider in emergency response.
4) Efforts in Nepal after the 2015 earthquake to establish a gender working group, develop gender indicators, and advocate for women's participation in recovery planning.
“Women are not only victims, they have driving power of changes, exclusive knowledge and skills that have crucial importance for providing solutions and managing risks”.
During the last 10 years 3 400 natural disasters took place in the world – hurricanes, floods earthquakes and other natural calamities. More than 700000 people died, more than 1,4 mln were injured and 23mln lost shelter. In general disaster affected 1,5 bln people and women, children and vulnerable people were most affected.
The document discusses children's vulnerability during disasters in the Philippines and the importance of child participation. It summarizes the programs of Share An Opportunity Philippines Inc., which works to support children affected by poverty and disasters. Focus group discussions with children in disaster-impacted areas explored their views on how communities and parents can better ensure children's survival, protection, participation, and development during and after disasters. The children provided input on safe evacuation locations and engaging youth in disaster risk reduction committees. The report recommends empowering children and including them in community disaster planning.
1. The document discusses case studies of three municipalities in southern Philippines that successfully implemented proactive disaster risk reduction measures.
2. The municipalities established close working relationships between local governments and communities, empowered communities, and prioritized prevention and mitigation activities like early warning systems and emergency response training.
3. Key lessons identified included the importance of political will, inter-departmental cooperation, flexibility, and community participation in planning and implementing disaster risk management interventions.
1) Nigeria saw a over 50% reduction in polio cases in 2009 compared to 2008, with Rotary playing a key role through advocacy and immunization efforts.
2) Rotary advocates to government, religious, and traditional leaders and conducts workshops to train local Rotary leaders in polio eradication.
3) The decline is attributed to increased support from federal, state and local governments as well as allies like journalists and women's groups working with communities.
The document discusses how climate change disproportionately impacts women. It notes that women are more dependent on natural resources for tasks like collecting water and food. Climate disasters exacerbate gender inequalities by increasing women's workloads and restricting their access to education and resources. The impacts of climate change on women are often overlooked in international agreements. Studies show women face higher risks during natural disasters and their agricultural livelihoods are threatened by climate impacts like changing rainfall patterns and food price increases.
AIDSTAR-One Faith-Based Organizations and HIV Prevention with MARPs in MexicoAIDSTAROne
La Iglesia de la Reconciliación, VIHas de Vida, and El Mesón de la Misericordia are three faith-based organizations in Mexico that implement innovative HIV prevention activities with most-at-risk populations, including men who have sex with men and sex workers. They integrate messages on HIV prevention within a holistic approach that addresses spirituality, sexuality, and health. Through diverse activities like educational talks and workshops, as well as referrals to testing and care, these organizations help fill gaps and reduce stigma for at-risk groups.
The Experimental Child - Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus SyndemicUniversité de Montréal
The Experimental Child - Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
This document discusses Phillip Blond's perspective on using civil society and association to address health inequalities in the UK. It notes decreases in civic engagement, volunteering, and social cohesion. Strengthening social capital by supporting community groups and encouraging participation in health programs could help reduce inequalities. Peer-to-peer communication and promoting personal responsibility are highlighted as strategies.
Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic: Developmental, Family, ...Université de Montréal
My presentation is part of the WASP-WPA Interorganizational Symposium for the WPA 21st Virtual World Congress of Psychiatry, Catragena, Colombia, October 16-21, 2021
Session Description
At this time, the death toll from COVID-19 is approaching 3 million people worldwide. The full toll of COVID-19 far exceeds
even this sobering number. Beyond the direct biological impacts of an infectious disease, the global impact of COVID-19 is
revealing and magnifying pre-existing fractures in our social structures. COVID-19 has led to significant differential impacts
among groups across age, health and socio-cultural variables, whether through increased direct illness morbidity and
mortality in the elderly or those with mental illness, or through indirect impacts associated with widespread societal and
health system changes, including youth impacted by confinement and social isolation impinging on development of prosocial
skills, increased caregiver and family stresses ranging from financial distress to violence, and further disenfranchisement of
already marginalized and vulnerable groups. At the same time, heightened public awareness and outcry about such
disparities has the potential to fuel new alliances, challenging and perhaps dismantling some historical stereotypes of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability and illness. Rather than a pandemic, the global impacts reveal a
syndemic – multiple pandemics along different lines, both the viral/biological pandemic, plus a social pandemic superimposed
on pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, sexism, ableism, ageism and other forms of stigma and
discrimination. This session will include discussion of the varied impacts of COVID-19 and exploration of their root causes
from a social psychiatry perspective.
This document summarizes a research study that examined how social support structures impact the successful resettlement of Burmese and Burundian refugees in a Midwestern city in the United States. The study utilized qualitative interviews with 13 Burmese and 23 Burundian refugees to understand how support from resettlement agencies and social networks affected refugees' well-being and ability to access resources. Key findings included that gaps in employment and housing services from resettlement agencies negatively impacted refugees, while strong social support networks provided emotional, informational and instrumental support that helped refugees cope with challenges. The results contribute to understanding how to best assist refugee families through strengthening support structures.
The contribution of agricultural research to managing zoonoses and foodborne ...ILRI
Poster prepared by D. Grace and J. McDermott for the 13th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012.
Thank client for sharing
Remind of test results timeline
Provide contact information
Offer additional support
Providing HIV related services to our community through compassionate direct care, prevention and outreach activities.
Celebrating 10 Years of Great Journalism Fostered by the Dennis A. Hunt Fund ...reportingonhealth
This document provides information about the Dennis A. Hunt Fund for Health Journalism, which has supported over 60 journalists over the past 10 years in producing impactful investigative journalism projects related to community health issues. Some of the projects have led to policy changes and community improvements, such as increased access to healthcare and reductions in environmental toxins. The fund continues to support new classes of journalists each year in addressing important health topics.
This document summarizes research on child soldiers in Uganda. It discusses facts about abduction rates over time, reasons for torture and killing by the Lord's Resistance Army, and the experiences of former child soldiers. It also analyzes policies around amnesty for former soldiers and challenges with reintegration support, finding that education and livelihood assistance has been inadequate compared to health and psychosocial needs.
The document provides guidelines for preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV), particularly sexual violence, in humanitarian emergencies. It emphasizes the importance of establishing a minimum set of multisectoral interventions from the earliest stages of an emergency to prevent GBV and provide assistance to survivors. The guidelines are intended to help humanitarian organizations coordinate their prevention and response efforts and establish comprehensive programming as the emergency situation stabilizes.
What is resilience when it comes to talking about communities and disasters? I discuss the emergence and importance of social vulnerability as it relates to public health preparedness, too.
You have been tasked with orienting new registered nurses in the emergency department in your hospital about how to manage child abuse and neglect cases. The orientation should cover child abuse and neglect definitions, prevention, detection, intervention and treatment, reporting, and interdisciplinary resources.
Recent Findings From an Evaluation of the CORE Group Polio Project_Perry_5.11.11CORE Group
The document summarizes the current status of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. It notes that polio cases have declined 99.996% since 1998 but the virus remains endemic in 4 countries. It outlines challenges to eradication like uneven vaccination coverage and viral mutations. It discusses the key role of NGOs like the CORE Group Polio Project in reaching underserved communities and implementing vaccination strategies to achieve a polio-free world.
This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents in Snowflake, Arizona. It notes that STI rates have been rising nationwide and in Navajo County specifically. Snowflake has a small, conservative, and religious population that provides little sexual education. The author conducted a clinical project to provide STI education and resources to patients at a clinic in Snowflake. The project aimed to raise awareness of the rising local STI rates and provide prevention information to address the lack of existing education. Barriers to the project included personal and religious discomfort discussing sexuality, but the author implemented the project by offering handouts and discussing local STI data and prevention strategies depending on patient receptiveness.
Humanitarian Action for Children is UNICEF’s global appeal, which highlights the challenges faced by children in humanitarian situations, the support required to help them survive and thrive, and the results possible in even the most difficult of circumstances. Information about UNICEF’s work in these contexts is presented in each country and regional page of the HAC at www.unicef.org/appeals. Appeals and results are updated regularly, based on the country context. The HAC is in line with United Nations inter-agency Strategic Response Plans.
This document provides information about integrated post-combat care available through the VA for eligible veterans. It begins with an overview of the VA healthcare system and resources available. It then discusses the high prevalence of conditions like chronic pain, PTSD, depression and TBI in recent combat veterans. It emphasizes the value of collaborative, culturally-sensitive care that acknowledges a veteran's military service and sacrifices. It provides guidance on understanding military culture and asking about a patient's service to fully address their health needs.
This document discusses internally displaced persons (IDPs) in conflict areas. It defines IDPs as persons forced to flee their homes due to armed conflict, violence, or disasters, but who remain within their country's borders, unlike refugees who cross international borders. The document outlines challenges facing IDPs such as property loss, family separation, insecurity, and lack of access to services. It also examines challenges for organizations assisting IDPs, such as government cooperation, access to information, resettlement, and security. Case studies of IDP situations in Pakistan and Colombia illustrate these challenges and responses from organizations such as the UN.
Este documento resume la diferencia entre bienes de dominio público y privado. Los bienes públicos pertenecen al Estado y son para uso colectivo, como edificios públicos y parques. No pueden ser vendidos ni adquiridos a través de la usucapión. Los bienes privados pertenecen a individuos y pueden ser vendidos o adquiridos a través de la usucapión. También distingue entre bienes muebles e inmuebles, siendo los primeros aquellos que se pueden mover y los segundos aquellos adheridos al
Ray Allen first met Tony Squire at a basketball tournament where Squire recognized Allen's talent and arranged for him to play for the Squires AAU program to gain more exposure. The following summer, Allen lived with Squire in Richmond and played in elite tournaments. Squire introduced Allen to Kevin Garnett, who also played for the Squires. During Allen's recruitment to UConn, coach Jim Calhoun told Squire that Allen's mother said Squire would be involved in the process. Both Allen and Garnett have remained ambassadors for the Squires program since their time playing for them.
AIDSTAR-One Faith-Based Organizations and HIV Prevention with MARPs in MexicoAIDSTAROne
La Iglesia de la Reconciliación, VIHas de Vida, and El Mesón de la Misericordia are three faith-based organizations in Mexico that implement innovative HIV prevention activities with most-at-risk populations, including men who have sex with men and sex workers. They integrate messages on HIV prevention within a holistic approach that addresses spirituality, sexuality, and health. Through diverse activities like educational talks and workshops, as well as referrals to testing and care, these organizations help fill gaps and reduce stigma for at-risk groups.
The Experimental Child - Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus SyndemicUniversité de Montréal
The Experimental Child - Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic
Abstract
Not only is the coronavirus crisis a natural laboratory of stress offering health and social care services a unique historical opportunity to observe its impact on entire populations around the world, but the responses to the crisis by international health authorities, such as the WHO, along with national and local educational institutions and health care and social services, are creating an unprecedented and unpredictable environment for children and youth. This hostile new environment for growth and development is marked by the sudden and unpredictable imposition of confinement and social isolation, cutting off or limiting opportunities for the development of cognitive abilities, peer relationships, and social skills, while exposing vulnerable children and youth to depriving, negligent, or even abusive home environments.
For this reason, this crisis has been renamed a syndemic, encompassing two different categories of disease—an infectious disease (SARS-CoV-2) and an array of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Together, these conditions cluster within specific populations following deeply-embedded patterns of inequality and vulnerability (Horton, 2020). These pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, ableism, ageism create stigma and discrimination and amplify the impacts of this syndemic. And children are the most vulnerable population around the world. The impact on children is part of a cascade of consequences affecting societies at large, smaller communities, and the multigenerational family, all of which impinge on children and youth as the lowest common denominator (Di Nicola & Daly, 2020).
This exceptional set of circumstances—in response not only to the biomedical and populational health aspects but also in constructing policies for entire societies—is creating an “experimental childhood” for billions of children and youth around the world. With its commitment to the social determinants of health and mental health, notably in light of the monumental Adverse Childhood Events (ACE) studies (Felitti & Anda, 2010), social psychiatry and global mental health in partner with child and family psychiatry and allied professions must now consider their roles for the future of these “experimental children” around the world. The parameters for observing the conditions of this coronavirus-induced syndemic in the family and in society, along with recommendations for social psychiatric interventions, and prospective paediatric, psychological, and social studies will be outlined.
Keywords: Children & families, COVID-19, syndemic, ACE Study, confinement, social isolation
This document discusses Phillip Blond's perspective on using civil society and association to address health inequalities in the UK. It notes decreases in civic engagement, volunteering, and social cohesion. Strengthening social capital by supporting community groups and encouraging participation in health programs could help reduce inequalities. Peer-to-peer communication and promoting personal responsibility are highlighted as strategies.
Child and Family Impacts of the Coronavirus Syndemic: Developmental, Family, ...Université de Montréal
My presentation is part of the WASP-WPA Interorganizational Symposium for the WPA 21st Virtual World Congress of Psychiatry, Catragena, Colombia, October 16-21, 2021
Session Description
At this time, the death toll from COVID-19 is approaching 3 million people worldwide. The full toll of COVID-19 far exceeds
even this sobering number. Beyond the direct biological impacts of an infectious disease, the global impact of COVID-19 is
revealing and magnifying pre-existing fractures in our social structures. COVID-19 has led to significant differential impacts
among groups across age, health and socio-cultural variables, whether through increased direct illness morbidity and
mortality in the elderly or those with mental illness, or through indirect impacts associated with widespread societal and
health system changes, including youth impacted by confinement and social isolation impinging on development of prosocial
skills, increased caregiver and family stresses ranging from financial distress to violence, and further disenfranchisement of
already marginalized and vulnerable groups. At the same time, heightened public awareness and outcry about such
disparities has the potential to fuel new alliances, challenging and perhaps dismantling some historical stereotypes of race,
ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, age, disability and illness. Rather than a pandemic, the global impacts reveal a
syndemic – multiple pandemics along different lines, both the viral/biological pandemic, plus a social pandemic superimposed
on pre-existing fault lines of inequity, poverty, mental illness, racism, sexism, ableism, ageism and other forms of stigma and
discrimination. This session will include discussion of the varied impacts of COVID-19 and exploration of their root causes
from a social psychiatry perspective.
This document summarizes a research study that examined how social support structures impact the successful resettlement of Burmese and Burundian refugees in a Midwestern city in the United States. The study utilized qualitative interviews with 13 Burmese and 23 Burundian refugees to understand how support from resettlement agencies and social networks affected refugees' well-being and ability to access resources. Key findings included that gaps in employment and housing services from resettlement agencies negatively impacted refugees, while strong social support networks provided emotional, informational and instrumental support that helped refugees cope with challenges. The results contribute to understanding how to best assist refugee families through strengthening support structures.
The contribution of agricultural research to managing zoonoses and foodborne ...ILRI
Poster prepared by D. Grace and J. McDermott for the 13th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012.
Thank client for sharing
Remind of test results timeline
Provide contact information
Offer additional support
Providing HIV related services to our community through compassionate direct care, prevention and outreach activities.
Celebrating 10 Years of Great Journalism Fostered by the Dennis A. Hunt Fund ...reportingonhealth
This document provides information about the Dennis A. Hunt Fund for Health Journalism, which has supported over 60 journalists over the past 10 years in producing impactful investigative journalism projects related to community health issues. Some of the projects have led to policy changes and community improvements, such as increased access to healthcare and reductions in environmental toxins. The fund continues to support new classes of journalists each year in addressing important health topics.
This document summarizes research on child soldiers in Uganda. It discusses facts about abduction rates over time, reasons for torture and killing by the Lord's Resistance Army, and the experiences of former child soldiers. It also analyzes policies around amnesty for former soldiers and challenges with reintegration support, finding that education and livelihood assistance has been inadequate compared to health and psychosocial needs.
The document provides guidelines for preventing and responding to gender-based violence (GBV), particularly sexual violence, in humanitarian emergencies. It emphasizes the importance of establishing a minimum set of multisectoral interventions from the earliest stages of an emergency to prevent GBV and provide assistance to survivors. The guidelines are intended to help humanitarian organizations coordinate their prevention and response efforts and establish comprehensive programming as the emergency situation stabilizes.
What is resilience when it comes to talking about communities and disasters? I discuss the emergence and importance of social vulnerability as it relates to public health preparedness, too.
You have been tasked with orienting new registered nurses in the emergency department in your hospital about how to manage child abuse and neglect cases. The orientation should cover child abuse and neglect definitions, prevention, detection, intervention and treatment, reporting, and interdisciplinary resources.
Recent Findings From an Evaluation of the CORE Group Polio Project_Perry_5.11.11CORE Group
The document summarizes the current status of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. It notes that polio cases have declined 99.996% since 1998 but the virus remains endemic in 4 countries. It outlines challenges to eradication like uneven vaccination coverage and viral mutations. It discusses the key role of NGOs like the CORE Group Polio Project in reaching underserved communities and implementing vaccination strategies to achieve a polio-free world.
This document discusses sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescents in Snowflake, Arizona. It notes that STI rates have been rising nationwide and in Navajo County specifically. Snowflake has a small, conservative, and religious population that provides little sexual education. The author conducted a clinical project to provide STI education and resources to patients at a clinic in Snowflake. The project aimed to raise awareness of the rising local STI rates and provide prevention information to address the lack of existing education. Barriers to the project included personal and religious discomfort discussing sexuality, but the author implemented the project by offering handouts and discussing local STI data and prevention strategies depending on patient receptiveness.
Humanitarian Action for Children is UNICEF’s global appeal, which highlights the challenges faced by children in humanitarian situations, the support required to help them survive and thrive, and the results possible in even the most difficult of circumstances. Information about UNICEF’s work in these contexts is presented in each country and regional page of the HAC at www.unicef.org/appeals. Appeals and results are updated regularly, based on the country context. The HAC is in line with United Nations inter-agency Strategic Response Plans.
This document provides information about integrated post-combat care available through the VA for eligible veterans. It begins with an overview of the VA healthcare system and resources available. It then discusses the high prevalence of conditions like chronic pain, PTSD, depression and TBI in recent combat veterans. It emphasizes the value of collaborative, culturally-sensitive care that acknowledges a veteran's military service and sacrifices. It provides guidance on understanding military culture and asking about a patient's service to fully address their health needs.
This document discusses internally displaced persons (IDPs) in conflict areas. It defines IDPs as persons forced to flee their homes due to armed conflict, violence, or disasters, but who remain within their country's borders, unlike refugees who cross international borders. The document outlines challenges facing IDPs such as property loss, family separation, insecurity, and lack of access to services. It also examines challenges for organizations assisting IDPs, such as government cooperation, access to information, resettlement, and security. Case studies of IDP situations in Pakistan and Colombia illustrate these challenges and responses from organizations such as the UN.
Este documento resume la diferencia entre bienes de dominio público y privado. Los bienes públicos pertenecen al Estado y son para uso colectivo, como edificios públicos y parques. No pueden ser vendidos ni adquiridos a través de la usucapión. Los bienes privados pertenecen a individuos y pueden ser vendidos o adquiridos a través de la usucapión. También distingue entre bienes muebles e inmuebles, siendo los primeros aquellos que se pueden mover y los segundos aquellos adheridos al
Ray Allen first met Tony Squire at a basketball tournament where Squire recognized Allen's talent and arranged for him to play for the Squires AAU program to gain more exposure. The following summer, Allen lived with Squire in Richmond and played in elite tournaments. Squire introduced Allen to Kevin Garnett, who also played for the Squires. During Allen's recruitment to UConn, coach Jim Calhoun told Squire that Allen's mother said Squire would be involved in the process. Both Allen and Garnett have remained ambassadors for the Squires program since their time playing for them.
BJP Chhattisgarh lead by Chief Minister Dr Raman Singh launched a new mobile application and digital archive for accessing government related news and photographs from the Public Relations Department.
Source(S): https://twitter.com/brijmohan_cg
Väike kokkuvõte ehitusvaldkonna probleemidest - produktiivsus, raiskamine jne.
Ettekanne on koostatud ja esitatud Leansite´i meeskonna poolt - Leansite on rakendus ehitustööde korraldamiseks ning aitab mitmeid ettekandes nimetatud ehitusvaldkonna probleeme ennetada ja vältida.
This document discusses 10 different digital tools and their uses for education:
1. Google Drive - Can be accessed anywhere and allows for collaboration on documents and monitoring of student progress. Suggested for group projects.
2. Dropbox - Simple to use for sharing large files. Suggested for storing and sharing documents.
3. YouTube - Useful for visual learning and sharing student work. Suggested for research, delivering lessons, and student productions.
4. Wikispaces - Allows for collaborative research and editing. Suggested for establishing revision platforms and interactive activities.
5. Prezi - Easy to build and share presentations. Suggested for delivering lessons and allowing student choice.
6. Google -
José Leonardo Chirino fue un líder afrovenezolano que encabezó una insurrección de esclavos en 1795 con el objetivo de abolir la esclavitud y establecer la igualdad. Nacido libre en Curimagua, Falcón, Chirino se inspiró en las ideas de la Revolución Francesa durante un viaje a Haití. Lideró un levantamiento de esclavos en mayo de 1795 pero fue derrotado y capturado, siendo ejecutado en 1796. A pesar de su fracaso, el mov
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de textos discontinuos, incluyendo listas, cuadros y gráficos, tablas y matrices, ilustraciones, mapas, formularios, hojas informativas y avisos y anuncios. Explica las características y propósitos de cada uno de estos tipos de textos discontinuos.
El documento describe los orígenes y evolución de la canción protesta. Se originó a finales del siglo XIX con canciones sindicalistas y partidistas, influenciada luego por canciones de la Guerra Civil Española y la Resistencia francesa. En los años 40-50 surgió como género en Estados Unidos, Latinoamérica y Francia con artistas comprometidos social y políticamente. En los turbulentos años 60-70 alcanzó su mayor difusión con movimientos como la Nueva Canción Chilena y artistas como Ví
Cuadro comparativo sobre los bienes del dominio público y bienes del dominio ...ivanydaal
El documento explica la diferencia entre bienes de dominio público y privado. Indica que los bienes de dominio público pueden ser usados de forma exclusiva por la administración o ser usados por particulares a través de concesiones o permisos. Los bienes de dominio privado pertenecen a personas naturales o jurídicas privadas como la nación, estados o municipalidades. Estos bienes están sujetos a la ley civil pero también a leyes especiales, y pueden ser enajenados cumpliendo formalidades aunque no están sujetos a medidas de ejecuc
Bienes del dominio publico y bienes del dominio privadocesaroribio3
Los bienes de dominio público y privado se clasifican según su relación de pertenencia y no por sus características intrínsecas. Los bienes de dominio público son aquellos afectados por la autoridad competente para uso general o público como plazas y parques o privado como oficinas gubernamentales. Los bienes de dominio privado pertenecen a particulares y están sujetos al Código Civil, pudiendo ser vendidos por su dueño a diferencia de los de dominio público que son inalienables.
El documento describe las características de la mariposa y el caballo. La mariposa es un insecto que pasa por etapas de desarrollo de embrión, larva, pupa y adulto, alimentándose de hojas, flores y otros vegetales. El caballo es un mamífero vertebrado con cuello y cabeza alargados, orejas y cola larga, que se alimenta de hierba.
L3 &4 how does land use vary in an urban areatudorgeog
This document discusses how land use varies in urban areas. It begins by defining key terms like "land use" and "function". It then explains how land use can be predicted in cities based on models like the Burgess and Hoyt urban land use models. Specifically, it describes the typical land uses found in different areas of cities, including the central business district (CBD), old inner cities, industrial areas, inner and outer suburbs, and the rural-urban fringe. It provides details on the characteristics and problems associated with each of these urban land use zones. The purpose is to help students understand the variety of functions in urban areas and be able to analyze land use patterns in cities.
Animales vertebrados e invertebrados - Parte 1tnruizg
Este documento describe las características de los animales vertebrados e invertebrados. Explica que los vertebrados tienen un esqueleto interno formado por huesos, una columna vertebral y cráneo que protege el cerebro. Además, la mayoría tienen extremidades como patas, alas o aletas. Luego clasifica los vertebrados en peces, anfibios, reptiles, aves y mamíferos, e incluye dos actividades para ejemplos de cada grupo y clasificar animales.
El documento describe las principales zonas climáticas del planeta. Hay tres zonas climáticas: zonas frías, zonas templadas y zonas cálidas. Las zonas frías se sitúan entre los polos y tienen temperaturas muy bajas y precipitaciones escasas en forma de nieve. Las zonas templadas están cerca de los polos o en montañas, con temperaturas entre 0° y 20°C y grandes diferencias entre verano e invierno. Las zonas cálidas están cerca del ecuador y tienen temperaturas elevadas todo el año, con precipit
Este documento proporciona un resumen de los principales acontecimientos políticos, sociales y culturales de los siglos XVI y XVII en Europa y América. En la política, destaca la unificación de los reinos de Castilla y Aragón bajo los Reyes Católicos, y el posterior establecimiento de la monarquía hispana por parte de Carlos I y Felipe II. En América, se describe la conquista de los imperios azteca e inca y la posterior organización de los nuevos territorios americanos. Finalmente, se mencionan algun
End gender based violence news paper supplimentmoglsd2012
The document discusses reducing maternal mortality in Uganda by ending gender-based violence. It notes that lack of access to family planning and reproductive healthcare as well as unequal gender roles that expose women to violence contribute to maternal deaths. The Ministry of Gender is working with UNFPA and local groups to prevent gender-based violence through new laws and public education. While progress has been made, more needs to be done to empower women and ensure male involvement to achieve safe motherhood for all.
AIDSTAR-One Case-Study: Integrated HIV Care in IndiaAIDSTAROne
The document describes an integrated care program in Maharashtra, India that aims to improve HIV care and support for people living with HIV. The program establishes drop-in centers that provide economic support, counseling, and help navigating services. This reduces stigma and improves utilization of clinical services. The program strengthens coordination between public health services and community groups to provide more comprehensive support. It has led to significant improvements in care access and continuity while reducing loss to follow up. The drop-in centers offer a supportive community for clients where they feel at home.
ProVIC “Champion Communities”: PMTCT of HIV in the Democratic Republic of CongoAIDSTAROne
More than a decade of conflict has ravaged the health infrastructure and service delivery in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). As a result, prenatal care--including prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV--is often difficult to access and fails to meet the needs of expectant mothers. One program, the DRC Integrated HIV/AIDS Project (ProVIC), is using a community-based approach to link mothers, health care providers, and community caregivers with support and quality service. http://aidstarone.com/focus_areas/pmtct/resources/case_study_series/provic_drc
The document describes a project in Karnataka, India called Samastha that aimed to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in rural areas. It discusses a case of a 10-year-old girl who missed doses of her ART after running out of medication on a trip. Samastha worked to coordinate community groups, government agencies, and NGOs to recruit more PLHIV into care, keep them engaged, and retrieve those who were lost to follow up. It developed networks and deployed outreach workers to improve access to treatment in remote, rural areas and monitor patients' status.
AIDSTAR-One Emergency Planning for ART During Post-Election Violence in KenyaAIDSTAROne
In 2007, Kenya experienced a wave of violence following its presidential elections. This case study documents the emergency plans that had been in place to ensure continuity of HIV treatment programs prior to the outbreak of violence, and the events that occurred during the period of violence. It also highlights the changes to contingency planning for HIV that have taken place since the violence ended.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/treatment/resources/case_study_series/emergency_planning_for_art_kenya
Zoonotic diseases, which can be transmitted between animals and humans, represent 26% of infectious diseases in low-income countries. A new talk at ILRI will discuss zoonoses, their socioeconomic and health impacts, and current research topics. The speaker, Dr. Delia Grace, is a veterinary epidemiologist who leads research at ILRI on animal health, food safety, and zoonoses.
AIDSTAR-One Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Children Living with HIV in AfricaAIDSTAROne
An abbreviated version of the Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV in Africa report, this technical brief documents promising practices in critical services related to the psychological and social wellbeing of perinatally-infected children in Africa. These promising practices include the identification, testing, and counseling of children so that they are linked to appropriate care as early as possible, as well as on-going support to help children and their families manage disclosure, stigma, grief and bereavement processes.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/care_and_support/resources/technical_briefs/foundation_future
Earning Their Way to Healthier Lives: Women First in MozambiqueAIDSTAROne
A complex matrix of factors, such as low literacy, early sexual initiation, and limited economic opportunities, increases the vulnerability of women to HIV infection in Mozambique. The Women First program addresses the role that poverty and lack of access to health information play in the spread of HIV through legal rights and income-generating activities.
This case study covers one of the 31 programs from the Africa Gender Compendium, an AIDSTAR-One gender and HIV integration resource. A series of five Africa Gender Compendium case studies is accompanied by a findings report, which describes lessons learned, gaps, and common experiences across the programs.
Download this and other gender & HIV resources: http://j.mp/zyjmG7
This document discusses improving child health through community-based approaches. It notes that while medical treatment has reduced childhood deaths, many children still die without receiving care. A community-based approach involves local people, adapts to community needs, and builds on existing resources by enhancing community structures and expertise. The key is introducing crucial child care practices widely, like exclusive breastfeeding for six months, appropriate complementary feeding, ensuring good nutrition, treating childhood illnesses at home when possible and seeking care when needed.
AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Addressing HIV and Gender from the Ground Up in KenyaAIDSTAROne
In Kenya, the government's work against HIV is supplemented frequently by civil society organizations. These organizations, however, are often faced with a lack of available funding and knowledge. The Maanisha Community Focused Initiative, a program that works in many of Kenya's provinces, works to provide CSOs with both grants and capacity building in all HIV program areas while simultaneously addressing multiple gender-related issues.
This case study covers one of the 31 programs from the Africa Gender Compendium, an AIDSTAR-One gender and HIV integration resource. A series of five Africa Gender Compendium case studies is accompanied by a findings report, which describes lessons learned, gaps, and common experiences across the programs.
Download this or other HIV & gender resources: http://j.mp/wFzKZ0
AIDSTAR-One Breaking New Ground in VietnamAIDSTAROne
1) The STEP program in Vietnam aims to integrate gender considerations into CARE's work by providing support services to male and female drug users and sex workers both before and after their release from detention centers.
2) The program recognizes that gender inequality increases vulnerability and provides gender-sensitive counseling, health services, job training, and social support to help prevent violence and relapse.
3) Services include pre-release counseling at detention centers and post-release drop-in centers that provide counseling, referrals, home visits, and community education with the goal of smooth reintegration.
AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Mental Health Care and Support in VietnamAIDSTAROne
The document summarizes two mental health programs integrated into HIV care in Vietnam:
1. Mental health services were integrated into methadone maintenance treatment programs for opioid users living with HIV. Services included screening, counseling, support groups, and referrals. The program aimed to improve quality of life.
2. A second program embedded mental health counseling in an HIV outpatient clinic. Community health workers referred clients for counseling regarding sleep issues, anxiety, and drug use. The client's plan to stop drug use at night improved his sleep and anxiety with family support.
3. Both programs screened for depression and anxiety and provided counseling. They aimed to address unmet mental health needs and support HIV positive clients holistically.
This document summarizes an article from the journal AIDS Care. The article discusses expanding access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-constrained settings and the related social and policy challenges. A conference was held bringing together researchers to share social science research on ART delivery and its effects. The papers in this document examine the social processes and impacts on individuals, families, communities, and health services resulting from increased access to ART for HIV, including effects on identity, living with HIV, and health services.
AIDSTAR-One STIGMA Foundation in IndonesiaAIDSTAROne
Integrating strategies to address gender inequity and change harmful gender norms is an increasingly important component of HIV programs. However, gender integration among programs targeting most-at-risk populations (MARPs) is much less prevalent. In Indonesia, the STIGMA Foundation uses a peer outreach model to help men and women who inject drugs live safer, healthier, more productive lives through community organizing, advocacy, and networking.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/STIGMA_foundation
Population Action International Annual Reportpopact
This document is PAI's 2010 annual report. It summarizes PAI's work in 2010 to promote family planning and reproductive health globally. Some key points:
- PAI advocates for increased funding and policy support for family planning programs worldwide. They work to integrate these programs with maternal health and HIV/AIDS initiatives.
- Stories from the field in countries like Ethiopia show how access to family planning has helped empower women and improved lives. However, many women still lack access to vital reproductive healthcare.
- PAI produces research on challenges to providing supplies and services. They engage policymakers and other stakeholders to address issues like child marriage and lack of funding for maternal health.
- Programs support youth
Vulnerability in southern Africa stems from multiple stressors interacting with one another. Parents in rural Malawi and peri-urban/urban South Africa expressed concern for their children's futures but lacked resources and opportunities to plan concretely. Stress and anxiety were prevalent as caregivers struggled to meet needs while ill and worried for when they pass. Absent biological parents due to death or migration also impacted families. Most parents believed their situations would not improve due to lack of employment opportunities.
The State of the World's Children 2009 examines critical issues in maternal and newborn health, underscoring the need to establish a comprehensive continuum of care for mothers, newborns and children. The report outlines the latest paradigms in health programming and policies for mothers and newborns, and explores policies, programmes and partnerships aimed at improving maternal and neonatal health. Africa and Asia are a key focus for this report, which complements the previous year's issue on child survival.
Home-based care strategies provided by family members that give life satisfac...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT :
Introduction:Homebased care has been widely researched but very few studies has been done on the effects
it has on life satisfaction of the elderly in sub-Sahara Africa, particularly DRC Congo. An effective homebased care has the potential to impact the health system together with the recipients of the care and their
families.
Methods:Mixed-method approach was used in this study which integrated both qualitative and quantitative
methods. 25 elderly people from 65 and aboveyearsweresampled for the IDI interviews and 2
FGDswerecarried out with 7 participants each.
Results:Majority of the respondents were satisfied with living with their families who were able to take care
of them and share their ideas. However, one of the majorweaknesses they faced were lack of basic needs like
food and shelter. The elderly people are also getting limited opportunities from their family members because
they have limited support from the government.
Conclusion:Home-based care is an important aspect in the life satisfaction of the elderly. Life satisfaction of
the elderly was linked to emotional, financial, spiritual, social and physical support from family members
despite the medical conditions and harsh economic situation.
Keywords:Elderly people, family members, Home-based care, Life satisfaction
1) HIV/AIDS requires protection in the workplace to safeguard both employees and employers from infection.
2) Individuals with HIV/AIDS need a supportive environment and proper facilities at work to boost their confidence and sense of security.
3) Guidelines from the ILO can help manage and protect the workplace for HIV-positive individuals while maintaining harmony and safety.
This case study summarizes a successful community-based food security project in Lesotho that integrated sustainable agriculture, income generation, and disaster risk reduction. The project was implemented by the Lesotho Red Cross Society in two vulnerable districts. It established household gardens, fruit trees, and small pig farms. After two years, beneficiaries reported producing 75% of food needs and earning income from vegetable and pig sales. The participatory approach helped ensure community ownership and the potential for replication. Key lessons included using local resources, integrating sectors like HIV/AIDS support, and developing clear entry/exit strategies to sustain impacts over time.
Similar to AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania (20)
AIDSTAR-One Report: Rapid Assessment of Pediatric HIV Treatment in NigeriaAIDSTAROne
This document summarizes a rapid assessment of pediatric HIV treatment in Nigeria conducted by AIDSTAR-One in 2011.
Part I identified several barriers to providing quality pediatric HIV care: human resource constraints, lack of caregiver involvement, limited disclosure to children and adolescents, adherence challenges, and inadequate resources at sites. It provides recommendations to address these barriers, such as limiting staff transfers, improving caregiver support, using age-appropriate adherence tools, and expanding electronic medical records.
Part II reviewed outcomes of 1,516 pediatric patients and found 4.2% mortality and 19.1% loss to follow up. Few health systems challenges significantly impacted treatment outcomes. Earlier treatment initiation and reduced loss to follow up are needed.
AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Targeted Outreach Program BurmaAIDSTAROne
The document summarizes the Targeted Outreach Project (TOP) in Burma, which works to scale up HIV programming among sex workers. TOP was launched in 2004 by Population Services International to provide health services and empowerment opportunities to female sex workers and men who have sex with men. It has expanded to 18 cities across Burma, reaching over 70% of estimated sex workers and 25% of estimated men who have sex with men. TOP operates drop-in centers that provide a range of free health services including STI testing/treatment, family planning, and HIV counseling/testing. It also offers social/economic support through small loans, education, and advocacy to improve participants' well-being and reduce risky behaviors. Evaluation data
AIDSTAR-One Co-trimoxazole Pilot Assessment ReportAIDSTAROne
AIDSTAR-One developed and piloted provider and patient educational tools to increase appropriate prescription and use of co-trimoxazole for eligible people living with HIV. Before and after the pilot, AIDSTAR-One conducted a mixed-methods assessment to analyze the effectiveness and acceptability of the co-trimoxazole tools. This report recommends adoption and scale-up of the tools in Uganda and other countries.
AIDSTAR-One Issue Paper: The Debilitating Cycle of HIV, Food Insecurity, and ...AIDSTAROne
This document aims to facilitate an understanding of the bi-directional relationship between HIV and food and nutrition security. It illuminates the causes of HIV-related food and nutrition insecurity, and points to a list of programmatic interventions and resources to consider for addressing each cause in detail. http://j.mp/U1L0iV
AIDSTAR-One conducted a 3-year demonstration project in Namibia to reduce heavy drinking and risky sexual behavior among bar patrons in a low-income neighborhood on the outskirts of Namibia's capital, Windhoek. This report describes how the intervention was implemented, monitored, and evaluated, and reports the final assessment results. It also offers key recommendations for future research and programming. http://aidstarone.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/reports/alcohol_namibia_intervention_report
AIDSTAR-One HIV Treatment Guidelines in Guyana - The Fast Track to Diagnosis ...AIDSTAROne
This case study details Guyana's process for revision of their national HIV treatment guidelines, based on WHO's 2010 revised recommendations . While many countries are still working to revise their national guidelines in response to WHO's latest guidance, the National AIDS Programme in Guyana has been implementing elements of WHO's 2010 recommendations since 2006.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/treatment/resources/case_study/guyana_treatment_guidelines
AIDSTAR-One Implementation of WHO's 2008 Pediatric HIV Treatment GuidelinesAIDSTAROne
In April 2008, the WHO Technical Reference Group for Pediatric HIV/ART and Care released a series of nine updated recommendations for diagnostic testing, initiation of treatment, and appropriate treatment regimens for HIV-exposed and infected infants. This technical brief outlines practical implementation considerations for program planners and policymakers working to incorporate these recommendations into their local efforts.
http://www.aidstar-one.com/implementation_whos_2008_pediatric_hiv_treatment_guidelines
AIDSTAR-One Protecting Children Affected by HIV Against Abuse, Exploitation, ...AIDSTAROne
This document is intended to explore strategies to protect children orphaned or made vulnerable by HIV (OVC) from abuse, exploitation, violence, and neglect. The report draws from lessons learned by OVC program managers, designers, and policy developers—particularly those associated with the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).
http://www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/OVC/reports/protecting_children_affected_by_HIV
AIDSTAR-One Increasing Access to Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission S...AIDSTAROne
This technical report discusses the many services needed throughout the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and infant care services continuum and identifies potential barriers to service coverage, access, and utilization. AIDSTAR-One provides examples of evidence-based and emerging practices to mitigate these barriers.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/pmtct/resources/report/increasing_access_to_pmtct_services
AIDSTAR-One Prevention of Alcohol-Related HIV Risk BehaviorsAIDSTAROne
A growing body of research suggests that alcohol consumption is associated with the sexual behaviors that put people at risk for HIV. In developing countries battling severe HIV epidemics, addressing harmful drinking in conjunction with interventions to reduce sexual risk behavior may reduce HIV transmission more quickly than conventional HIV prevention interventions alone. Developed for program planners and implementers, this technical brief reviews the evidence on new and innovative programs in this emerging area. The brief catalogs what is known about the relationship between harmful alcohol use and HIV sexual risk behavior and offers a critical analysis of interventions to address the issue.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/technical_briefs/prevention_alcohol_related_risk_behavior
AIDSTAR-One NuLife—Food and Nutrition Interventions for UgandaAIDSTAROne
This technical report examines a nutritional assessment, counseling, and support (NACS) program in Uganda that uses a quality improvement approach to services.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/care_and_support/resources/report/nulife_food_and_nutrition_interventions_uganda
AIDSTAR-One PRASIT: Using Strategic Behavioral Communication to Change Gender...AIDSTAROne
1) The PRASIT program in Cambodia uses strategic behavioral communication to promote positive gender norms and reduce HIV risk among at-risk populations.
2) It comprises three initiatives - SMARTgirl focuses on entertainment workers, MStyle targets men who have sex with men, and You're the Man addresses gender norms among male clients of entertainment workers.
3) The initiatives use branding, peer outreach, and educational sessions to promote safer sexual practices and empower at-risk groups. The goal is to challenge norms that increase HIV vulnerability and portray at-risk populations as intelligent and able to protect their health.
AIDSTAR-One Outreach to Most-at-Risk Populations through SIDC in LebanonAIDSTAROne
Successful outreach to most-at-risk populations (MARPs) recognizes the sociocultural context and particularly the gendered norms in which MARPs live. This case study (one of nine in a series) documents how outreach workers in Lebanon raise awareness about how gender norms can increase HIV risk; deliver basic information on HIV, hepatitis, and other STIs; offer counseling to support positive behavior change, and distribute free condoms, syringes, and lubricants.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/sidc_lebanon
Prompted by a growing knowledge of the complexity of HIV transmission, many countries are reassessing the nature of their HIV epidemics. "Mixed" epidemics, or concurrent epidemics experienced by both the general population and members of most-at-risk populations (MARPs), are of growing importance in HIV programming. Nigeria, a country with a range of regional and local epidemics, is now attempting to incorporate programming for MARPs into the national HIV response. This case study documents the country's analysis of its epidemics and the efforts of the Nigerian government to adjust their national strategic plan according to the results of the analysis.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/case_study_series/nigeria_mixed_epidemics
AIDSTAR-One Caring for Children Living with HIV in AfricaAIDSTAROne
This report, Equipping Parents and Health Providers to Address the Psychological and Social Challenges of Caring for Children Living with HIV in Africa, provides information to better understand the psychological and social challenges faced in Africa by perinatally-infected children (aged 0-12 years), their parents/caregivers, and their health providers. It explores factors that contribute to the ability of children living with HIV to cope and thrive, and identifies the tools and approaches being used to help parents/caregivers and health providers provide psychosocial support (PSS) to these children. The report elaborates on the themes discussed in the Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Children Living with HIV in Africa technical brief.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/care_and_support/resources/report/clhiv_pss_needs_africa
AIDSTAR-One Sex Work and Life with Dignity: Sex Work, HIV, and Human Rights P...AIDSTAROne
In Peru, where cultural norms emphasize women's subordination and the importance of masculinity, programs with a focus on gender—particularly those involving sex workers—are often underfunded and underrepresented. This case study (one of nine in a series) describes how three organizations focused on sex workers and transgendered and transsexual people have joined together to advance the rights of sex workers. The Sex Work, HIV, and Human Rights Program uses a democratic and participatory approach in order to raise awareness of human rights and advocate for sex workers' rights on both national and local levels.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/life_with_dignity_peru
AIDSTAR-One Different Needs But Equal Rights: Giving Voice to Transgender Com...AIDSTAROne
Although transgender individuals are a highly vulnerable segment of El Salvador's population, the national political climate has only recently begun to support HIV programming that is tailored to their needs. Additionally, limited access to medical services and legal protection and considerable societal stigma and discrimination means that organizations working with transgender individuals must meet a variety of complex and varied needs. This case study, one of 9 in a series, describes the challenges and successes of the Solidarity Association to Promote Human Development (ASPIDH), an NGO that promotes transgender rights via sensitization, education, and advocacy activities.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/case_study_series/aspidh_salvador
AIDSTAR-One Emergency Planning for HIV Treatment Access in Conflict and Post-...AIDSTAROne
1) The document describes the challenges of providing HIV treatment in northern Uganda during the conflict and post-conflict periods. During the conflict, over 1.8 million people lived in internally displaced person (IDP) camps where conditions were poor and HIV services were limited.
2) After the conflict ended in 2006, the government closed many IDP camps and encouraged residents to return home. However, returning home presented additional challenges as basic services and infrastructure had been destroyed. Continuity of HIV treatment for those returning home was a major concern.
3) The document highlights some interventions, such as those funded by PEPFAR, that helped improve access to HIV treatment during this transition period from conflict to post-conflict reconstruction in northern
AIDSTAR-One Program Guide for Integrating GBV Prevention and Response in PEPF...AIDSTAROne
Like HIV, gender-based violence (GBV) has implications for almost every aspect of health and development. This guide serves as a tool for program managers to not only begin to address GBV within their programs, but also to plan for greater integration and coordination within country teams when designing workplans and budgets.
The guide is divided into several smaller parts. We strongly recommend reviewing all parts of the guide in order to take advantage of the full range of opportunities to address GBV and to achieve the goal of greater linkages between HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support. See Introduction, Guiding Principles, General Guidelines and Summary of Resources on the right.
www.aidstar-one.com/focus_areas/gender/resources/pepfar_gbv_program_guide
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
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Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Mercurius is named after the roman god mercurius, the god of trade and science. The planet mercurius is named after the same god. Mercurius is sometimes called hydrargyrum, means ‘watery silver’. Its shine and colour are very similar to silver, but mercury is a fluid at room temperatures. The name quick silver is a translation of hydrargyrum, where the word quick describes its tendency to scatter away in all directions.
The droplets have a tendency to conglomerate to one big mass, but on being shaken they fall apart into countless little droplets again. It is used to ignite explosives, like mercury fulminate, the explosive character is one of its general themes.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
AIDSTAR-One Case Study: Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania
1. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES August 2012
The Jane Goodall Institute
in Tanzania
Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource
Management and Economic Growth Activities
E
manueli and his family live in Kasuku village in the
far western area of Tanzania, near Gombe National
Park, which is famous worldwide as a haven
for the endangered chimpanzee. All three members of
the family are HIV-positive and are on antiretroviral
therapy. Emanueli’s 22-year-old stepdaughter, Bukiwa,
Victoria Rossi
felt so healthy after taking her antiretroviral drugs that
she assumed she was cured and stopped taking them.
With support from JGI, Emanueli Before long, she became very sick again and developed
(center) and his family with a new symptom: a bad cough. She was taken to the
Jumanne (second from right), help
HIV-affected households in Kasuku
closest bus stop on the back of a bike and, with donated
village, western Tanzania. funds, put on a bus to Kigoma Regional Hospital. There,
tests for tuberculosis were negative, her condition was
stabilized, and she was sent home with instructions to
take her medicine every day, no matter how she feels.
Today, Bukiwa is doing much better; she has gained
back most of her strength and her cough has improved.
Jumanne, who also lives in Kasuku, was the one who pedaled Bukiwa
to the bus so she could get life-saving care—but that’s hardly the first
service he has rendered this family. Jumanne works as a home-based
care provider (HBCP) for the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which serves
communities near the park where the famous primatologist has studied
By Victoria Rossi,
chimpanzees for more than a half century. He has been involved with
Grace Lusiola, and Emanueli and his family for several years, since they were diagnosed
Aysa Saleh-Ramirez with HIV, supporting them to live positively and adhere to treatment
while also counseling them on family planning options. Jumanne works
AIDSTAR-One
John Snow, Inc.
1616 North Ft. Myer Drive, 16th Floor This publication was made possible through the support of the U.S. Agency for International
Arlington, VA 22209 USA Development under contract number GHH-I-00-07-00059-00, AIDS Support and Technical
Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, Sector I, Task Order 1, funded January 31, 2008,
Tel.: +1 703-528-7474
and the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR).
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for International Development or the United States Government.
2. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
a rapid assessment of local needs to verify
these anecdotal findings and found that health,
education, safe water, and access to capital were
community priorities (JGI 2011). From the early
days, JGI has recognized and fostered synergies
between these priorities and the organization’s
core mandate of natural resource management
by designing a community-centered model of
conservation that addresses local socioeconomic
development needs.
HIV, Conservation, and
Economic Growth
HIV has had a significant effect on conservation
in sub-Saharan Africa. As a result of morbidity
and mortality associated with HIV, government
agencies, nongovernmental organizations, research
institutions, and the private sector have lost human
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capacity. National park and wildlife conservation
staff are especially vulnerable to HIV because
many people work away from their families for
“Only if the people living around the extended periods in remote areas where they are
great wilderness areas like Gombe more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behavior.
become our partners can we hope Loss of staff adversely impacts institutional memory
and continuity of operations and can reduce an
to save habitat and animals who
organization’s ability to achieve program objectives.
live there.” Precious conservation funds are diverted to pay
– Dr. Jane Goodall for HIV- and AIDS-related staff costs such as
sick leave, medical expenses, terminal benefits,
funerals, and training of replacement staff. Also,
with Emanueli to help Bukiwa maintain her health experiencing continuous bereavement can
by monitoring her pills to make sure she adheres to adversely impact staff morale and can decrease
her treatment. productivity (Oglethorpe and Gelman 2007).
JGI was founded in 1977 to protect the Increased use of natural resources is another strain
chimpanzees and their habitat at Gombe and on conservation. As HIV-affected households lose
to continue Goodall’s research. As JGI began wage earners and capacity for heavy agricultural
partnering closely with the local communities labor, they turn increasingly to natural resources
surrounding the park, they quickly learned that as a safety net. Activities such as hunting, fishing,
environmental degradation was not the primary and charcoal making increase as families seek
concern of these communities. JGI staff conducted alternative livelihoods. Households caring for sick
2 AIDSTAR-One | August 2012
3. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
family members use more water, firewood, and -affected people within the community, whereas
medicinal plants, while timber consumption for internal mainstreaming seeks to achieve the same
coffins and charcoal production increases, leading goal internally among an organization’s staff
to deforestation (Africa Biodiversity Collaborative members and their families (UNAIDS, World Bank,
Group 2002; Barany et al. 2005). These United Nations Development Program 2005).
unsustainable practices erode the natural resource
base for the future. Protected conservation land The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS
becomes increasingly threatened as people seek Relief (PEPFAR) provides support to varied
access to natural resources that are no longer “wraparound” programs that mainstream HIV
available in their communities. Additionally, programs within other sectors to improve quality
traditional knowledge of sustainable natural of life and strengthen development efforts overall.
resource management is lost when parents die PEPFAR-supported wraparound activities are
before passing it on to their children (Oglethorpe carried out within programs funded by the U.S.
and Gelman 2007). Government; the Global Fund to Fight AIDS,
Tuberculosis and Malaria; United Nations agencies;
HIV also leads to changes in land use. When the private sector; and other partners. Wraparound
agricultural labor capacity is diminished and programs leverage resources, both human and
household income declines, households farm financial, from entities with different funding
with fewer resources, lacking inputs such as sources to increase access to HIV services and to
highly responsive seeds, fertilizer, pest control maximize PEPFAR’s effectiveness (PEPFAR 2008).
agents, and irrigation. Without them, more land In addition to increasing access to HIV services
is required to maintain crop yields, which leads to among hard-to-reach or marginalized populations,
environmental degradation. the wraparound programming approach enhances
the quality of development programs. Most
wraparound activities are supported with a mix of
Mainstreaming HIV funds, primarily from sources other than PEPFAR.
Programming In many cases, the other funding sources provide
the platform, whereas PEPFAR funds support
Mainstreaming of HIV programming is defined by activities for high-priority HIV-affected populations
the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (PEPFAR 2011). JGI’s mainstreaming of HIV
(UNAIDS) and other international health agencies programming into natural resource management
as “a process that enables development actors and economic growth (NRM/EG) activities is
to address the causes and effects of AIDS in an supported by funding from a wraparound program
effective and sustained manner, both through their between the PEPFAR-supported health team and
usual work and within their workplace…address[ing] the NRM/EG sector of USAID/Tanzania.
both the direct and indirect aspects of HIV and
AIDS within the context of the normal functions of
an organization or community” (UNAIDS, World
The History of JGI
Bank, United Nations Development Program Programming
2005, p. 11). Mainstreaming has two interlinked
dimensions: internal and external. External Since JGI began mainstreaming HIV programs
mainstreaming seeks to reduce vulnerability to more than 15 years ago, the organization has
new HIV infections and support HIV-infected and implemented four NRM/EG projects in western
The Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania: Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth Activities 3
4. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
Tanzania, beginning with the Lake Tanganyika • Agriculture: developing and distributing improved
Catchment, Reforestation and Education (TACARE) palm seedlings, promoting cash crops, and
Project in 1994. training in agro-forestry
• Health: establishing family planning, water and
TACARE recognized the fundamental link between environmental sanitation programs, as well as
the loss of the area’s forests and the socioeconomic education, care, and support programming for HIV
development needs of the local community. The and other sexually transmitted infections
project integrated the protection of high-value • Youth education: the Roots & Shoots
biodiversity and sustainable natural resource environmental and humanitarian education
use through a community-centered conservation program for in-school youth.
approach that built local capacity and empowered
After TACARE ended in 2005, JGI refined and
rural underserved communities. The project was expanded its work through the implementation
divided into five primary technical areas (JGI 2009): of two large programs in western Tanzania: the
Greater Gombe Ecosystem and the Masito-
• Community development: supporting community-
Ugalla Ecosystem Programs. These programs
run savings and credit programs, creating were designed to use TACARE as a platform
village development funds, and promoting fuel- for community-centered conservation. In 2010,
efficient stoves JGI launched the Gombe-Masito-Ugalla (GMU)
• Forestry: setting up tree nurseries, planting trees Program, which built upon and expanded these
around villages, and establishing forestry reserves two programs (JGI 2009). The mission statement
protected by village bylaws of GMU is to “ensure survival of the native habitats
VOICES FROM THE COMMUNITY:
Emanueli was inspired by Jumanne’s support and his own family’s experiences to start Kasuku’s People Living with
AIDS (KIPLAPlus), a network of PLHIV in Kasuku village, which now numbers 20 members. Members of the village
who are affected by HIV come to Emanueli for guidance;
even health workers from the dispensary have asked him
for support with village members who need help accepting
their HIV status. KIPLAPlus members meet regularly to
discuss how to manage their lives in a healthy way, and they
grow vegetables together to eat for good nutrition and to
sell to generate income. They talk through their problems,
discuss how to take care of themselves if they are sick,
and encourage other HIV-infected village members to join
the group and be open about their status. Using a small
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microcredit loan, they also started a palm seed business to
generate income for the group. They give palm seeds to a big
farmer in Kigoma town to make oil, and he pays them on a
Palm oil entrepreneur and beneficiary of the JGI-
monthly basis as a percentage of the income he makes from supported microenterprise/credit group in Mwakizega
oil sales. village, western Tanzania.
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5. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
and wildlife and other natural resources of the GMU
ecosystem by improving the standard of living of VOICES FROM THE COMMUNITY:
local communities” (JGI 2011). Through GMU, JGI Aziza lives in Kasuku village and has worked with
is currently mainstreaming HIV programming into its Jumanne as a CBDA/HBCP since 2006. She is 35
NRM/EG activities in 46 villages in Kigoma District, years old and married with five children. She loves
and is expanding these services to the Mpanda her job and feels very close to the community. She
District in the Rukwa Region. says community members trust and respect her
because she has “kept the secret of those that are
Implementation of JGI HIV-infected.” She gets “blessings from God by doing
this job” and would like to do her job “until death do
Programming [her] part.”
The HIV-related services that JGI externally
mainstreams into its NRM/EG activities include
home-based care for HIV-affected households;
microenterprise/credit for people living with
HIV (PLHIV); fuel-efficient stoves to decrease
indoor air pollution for PLHIV; forestry reserves,
woodlots, and agro-forestry to decrease daily
labor requirements for PLHIV; and HIV education.
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JGI also mainstreams broader health initiatives
into its NRM/EG activities and implements
internal mainstreaming among JGI staff and their
family members. Jumanne (far left) and Aziza (far right) with two other
community-based distribution agents/home-based
care providers from Kasuku village, western Tanzania.
Expansion of community health workers
program: JGI has long supported voluntary
community health workers, also called community- CBDAs to double as HBCPs. JGI partnered with the
based distribution agents (CBDAs), who provide Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MOHSW) to
family planning services in 46 villages in the train these CBDAs to provide HIV-related services
Kigoma District. The CBDAs provide family planning to affected households, thus becoming HBCPs as
education, dispense birth control pills and condoms, well. JGI provides its CBDAs/HBCPs with basic
and refer women of child-bearing age to the supplies to facilitate movement throughout the
dispensary and rural health centers for injectable villages, including bags, bicycles, umbrellas, and
contraceptives, intrauterine contraceptive devices,
boots for the rainy season. JGI supports refresher
implants, and surgical interventions. JGI currently
training for the CBDAs/HBCPs every six months
supports 170 CBDAs (86 male and 84 female) who
using MOHSW trainers. The HBCPs have reached
have reached close to 200,000 people with family
over 737 people (351 male and 386 female) with
planning messaging, which has led to the adoption
of a family planning method by over 9,000 women. messaging on HIV prevention and provided home-
based care and support to over 307 people (126
As the impact of HIV in the Kigoma District became male and 181 female), including 42 PLHIV (20 male
increasingly evident, JGI decided to leverage its and 22 female).
The Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania: Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth Activities 5
6. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
VOICES FROM THE COMMUNITY:
Mwamgongo is a remote village next to Gombe National Park, only
accessible by a 16-mile boat ride from the town of Kigoma along Lake
Tanganyika. JGI helped Mwamgongo establish a microenterprise
group that has grown to include 64 members. Mwainadi and his
wife, Hemed, are HIV-positive members who received seed money
from JGI as part of its HIV mainstreaming efforts. Both Mwainadi
and Hemed received 200,000 Tanzanian shillings (about U.S.$133);
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Mwainadi opened a sardine business, while Hemed launched a
palm oil and soap-making business. Both loans were granted under
an 11-month repayment scheme at an interest rate of 15 percent,
and both paid back their loans in full by the end of the 11th month. Mwainadi dries sardines for his fish-trading
Mwainadi used his profit of 258,000 shillings (U.S.$172) to pay microenterprise.
for school fees for his five HIV-uninfected children, annual health
insurance coverage for his family, and construction of a water tap and shower in his backyard. Thanks to the water tap,
Mwainadi and Hemed no longer have to exhaust themselves by carrying heavy buckets of water from the lake. The
shower has helped protect their weakened immune systems by improving household hygiene.
Kasuku village currently has four CBDAs/HBCPs 46 villages in the Kigoma District to encourage
who began their work by sensitizing the village establishment of microenterprise groups that
government and introduced themselves to the distribute and oversee microcredit loans to village
community at a public meeting. The CBDAs/ members. These self-governing groups elect a
HBCPs explained they would be offering home- board and vote on such organizational matters
based services to HIV-affected families and family as membership fees, loan repayment schemes,
planning services to all interested households. As interest rates, and penalties. As part of JGI’s efforts
part of their ongoing responsibilities, they promote to mainstream HIV into its NRM/EG activities, JGI
condom use as an effective way to prevent HIV began providing seed money to PLHIV so they
transmission and encourage anyone who feels sick could join these microenterprise groups and access
to go to the dispensary for HIV testing. HIV-related small loans. A total of 2,443,001 Tanzanian shillings
services include teaching families how to care for (about U.S.$1,630) was provided to 42 PLHIV (22
their sick family members, to wear gloves, to use female and 20 male) from nine villages to cover
disinfectants, to make home-based remedies such fees, deposits, and initial savings needed for them
as boiled water and salt to treat mouth sores, and to join the microenterprise groups. Involving PLHIV
to eat a healthy diet of fruits and vegetables. HIV- in microenterprise has also been shown to reduce
infected women who are pregnant are referred to stigma against them, leading to greater acceptance
the dispensary for antenatal care, prevention of by the community. The various microenterprises
mother-to-child transmission, and counseling on the that have been established with support from JGI
benefits of exclusive breastfeeding. include palm seedling nurseries, production of palm
oil and soap, sustainable charcoal-making, poultry
Microenterprise/credit for PLHIV: JGI farming, sustainable vegetable and fruit farming,
provides education on income generation to fish trading, and beekeeping.
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7. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
agro-forestry plots are distinct land designations
that JGI supports for inclusion in village land-use
management plans. Forestry reserves are protected
wooded areas, often on the outskirts of a village,
inside which trees cannot be cut down for firewood
or used for home construction. Conversely,
woodlots are small plots of trees planted exclusively
to serve as firewood. Woodlots are usually located
within a village and directly adjacent to people’s
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homes. This minimizes the distance traveled for
firewood collection, thus decreasing daily labor
requirements, which is especially helpful for PLHIV.
A family in Mwakizega village benefiting from a JGI also trains villages to practice agro-forestry,
fuel-efficient stove designed by JGI.
which is the combined use of land to cultivate
Fuel-efficient stoves: JGI has designed a both crops for human consumption and trees
low-cost, fuel-efficient stove for inside the home for reforestation. The training focuses on PLHIV
that consumes significantly less firewood or and encourages them to cultivate trees while
charcoal. This produces much less smoke and simultaneously growing vegetables to support
soot and improves indoor air quality. PLHIV are good nutrition, which can improve tolerance of
more susceptible to respiratory infections and HIV medications.
benefit significantly from decreased smoke and
soot inside the home. The stove is made of locally HIV education: In 2005, JGI began contracting
available materials and has a raised, enclosed base with a local organization called the Kigoma Vijana
that is vented to the outside. The enclosed base Development Association (KIVIDEA) to support
encapsulates heat, enabling food to cook twice as the integration of HIV education into JGI’s Roots
fast as with an open-flame fire, which loses up to 80 & Shoots program, which supports youth clubs in
percent of its heat to the surroundings. The more primary and secondary schools. Roots & Shoots
efficient use of firewood means that fewer trees teaches youths primarily about conservation, while
are cut, mitigating environmental degradation and using life skills training as the entry point for HIV
lessening the daily labor requirements for PLHIV. education. The life skills training includes teaching
The stoves also decrease daily labor requirements decision making and critical thinking skills, conflict
for a household because pots and pans sit above resolution and negotiation of peer pressure,
the flame and not inside it, thus collecting less soot relationship management, self-control, and
to scrub off. These stoves—beneficial for both understanding the physical changes in one’s body.
the environment and PLHIV—are a quintessential The Roots & Shoots program’s messaging around
representation of JGI’s effective integration of HIV HIV is age dependent, employing “abstinence
and NRM/EG activities. and being faithful” messaging in primary schools
and “abstinence, being faithful, and condoms”
Forestry reserves, woodlots, and agro- messaging in secondary schools. KIVIDEA has
forestry: JGI works closely with the district council adapted the United Nations Children’s Fund’s
and village governments to develop land-use plans life skills training curriculum to the local context,
that designate certain areas of land to be used for and currently supports 32 schools and 70 Roots
specific purposes. Forestry reserves, woodlots, and & Shoots clubs throughout the Kigoma District.
The Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania: Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth Activities 7
8. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
JGI also integrates HIV education into its natural JGI has also mainstreamed water and sanitation
resource management training for the district activities into its NRM/EG activities to provide
council and village governments, village fire crews, clean drinking water for rural villages to reduce
and forest monitors. JGI screens village films the transmission of waterborne diseases. The
on wildfire management, leaving time at the end organization’s water and sanitation activities include
to show an MOHSW-endorsed film on HIV and providing education and training on hygiene and
facilitate a community-level discussion on the topic. sanitation in communities and schools, protecting
water springs, and constructing rainwater
Broader health initiatives: In addition to HIV harvesting tanks and ventilated, improved pit
activities, JGI is also successfully mainstreaming latrines. The latter not only improves sanitation
broader health issues into its NRM/EG activities, for schools but also ensures that young girls can
including family planning, child survival, cervical stay in school once they begin menstruating,
cancer screening, and water and sanitation which reduces their vulnerability to HIV. Water and
projects; the organization is also renovating five sanitation initiatives also benefit PLHIV by helping
dispensaries in the Kigoma District. JGI’s CBDAs to reduce the incidence of diarrheal diseases
educate women and men about their reproductive caused by contaminated water.
health, the benefits of child spacing, and the
Internal mainstreaming: In addition to JGI’s
availability of family planning services and methods,
external mainstreaming of HIV activities into
and also provides some family planning methods, community NRM/EG activities, the organization has
including oral contraceptives and condoms. JGI also internally mainstreamed HIV into operations for
has integrated child survival interventions into JGI staff and family members. JGI has incorporated
its family planning activities to take advantage HIV education into general staff meetings and made
of the credibility and linkages that CBDAs condoms available in bathrooms, the reception
have already established. The CBDAs educate area, and the staff clinic in Gombe National Park.
families about child survival issues, including JGI partners with the MOHSW and the Tanzanian
the importance of accessing early treatment for National Park Association to conduct educational
such childhood diseases as malaria, pneumonia,
diarrhea, and upper respiratory infections.
They also promote integrated management of
childhood illnesses services at the village level
and work closely with dispensary staff to ensure
prompt treatment of sick children. Additionally,
JGI has partnered with Grounds for Health, an
international nongovernmental organization that
works with coffee-growing communities to establish
sustainable cervical cancer prevention programs,
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to bring its cervical cancer screening techniques
to the Kigoma District. JGI facilitates Grounds for
Health’s efforts to educate and sensitize women in
KIVIDEA, a JGI subgrantee, supports mainstreaming of HIV
the villages about cervical cancer and to encourage education into JGI’s Roots and Shoots program in primary
them to go for screening. and secondary schools.
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9. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
sessions on HIV and provide HIV testing and
counseling for its ape researchers who live within VOICES FROM THE COMMUNITY:
Gombe and away from their families for extended
periods of time. In Mwakizega village, JGI trained and supported
Aisha and her brother, Sauda, to launch an organic
honey business. The siblings maintain several bee
What Works Well huts in a secluded, wooded area of the village that
they have cleared of brush and dried leaves to
Adapting the organizational mission to protect the bee huts from wildfires. They do not use
address community needs: JGI recognized pesticides to maintain the hives, which yields organic
very early on that achieving its mandate of honey that fetches
“conserving biodiversity and protecting and a higher price than
restoring wildlife habitat in critical ecosystems in regular honey. When
western Tanzania” required expanding its scope some of their hives
of work. First, JGI empowered the communities in were threatened by
which it works to identify their own priorities, and destructive ants,
then enabled enough organizational flexibility to JGI trained them to
adapt its mission statement and design effective lay ash—a natural
strategies to address those priorities. JGI has fully repellent—at the
integrated health promotion and socioeconomic base of the bee huts.
development of the local communities into natural Aisha and Sauda
resource management, which is evident in the harvest 5 to 10 liters
mission statement of the current GMU program: of organic honey
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“To ensure the survival of the native habitats and every three months,
wildlife and other natural resources of the GMU which they sell at
ecosystem through improving the standard of living 3,000 Tanzanian
of local communities” (JGI 2011). shillings per 0.5 liters Aisha is an organic beekeeping
for a total of 30,000 entrepreneur in Mwakizega
village as a result of a
Leveraging the NRM/EG platform for to 60,000 shillings microcredit loan and training
maximum health impact: For JGI to achieve (U.S.$20 to $40). made possible by JGI support.
its organizational objectives in the Kigoma
District, it must design and implement NRM/
EG interventions that reach down to the village, JGI is able to invest the majority of its PEPFAR
hamlet, and even household level, which is a major wraparound funds in direct HIV activities.
challenge in the global health field. Implementing
community-based health interventions can be Committed, multidisciplinary staff: JGI
highly resource intensive, especially for remote, works in a remote part of western Tanzania
underserved populations. JGI’s community- and is the only nongovernmental organization
based NRM/EG activities are well established working on population, health, and environment
at the grassroots level, creating a cost-effective issues in that region. JGI’s staff members are
platform for implementing community-based health multidisciplinary, with expertise in a broad range
interventions. By leveraging an already existing of technical areas, including primatology, botany,
platform that was established using NRM/EG funds, conservation, microenterprise, health, governance,
The Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania: Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth Activities 9
10. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
and community development. JGI employs a
full-time health specialist to coordinate its HIV
mainstreaming work and to build the capacity
of the organization on broader health issues.
JGI’s staff share a deep sense of commitment
and responsibility to the communities they serve,
and understand the intimate linkages between
the socioeconomic status of the people and
conservation of the land. On a daily basis, they
Victoria Rossi
are the key players creating the time and space to
effectively mainstream HIV into their work, while
simultaneously fulfilling JGI’s core mandate of
protecting chimps and their natural habitat. JGI staff with home-based care provider trainers from the
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in the Kigoma District.
Partnering with local government: At the
center of JGI’s work in the Kigoma District are
De-stigmatization of HIV: It has been
strong partnerships with the district councils, anecdotally reported by JGI staff, MOHSW trainers,
village-level government, and the MOHSW. JGI CBDAs/HBCPs, and community beneficiaries that
supports MOHSW trainers to train the CBDAs/ JGI’s work in the Kigoma District has significantly
HBCPs. It also works directly with the district reduced the stigma associated with HIV.
councils and village-level government to develop Community sensitization and education about HIV
land use management plans, implement water demystifies the disease and dispels inaccurate local
and sanitation projects, roll out cervical cancer beliefs about its cause, transmission, and treatment.
screening, set up microenterprise groups, conduct Mainstreaming HIV into family planning/child
HIV educational campaigns, and establish HIV survival home-based services and broad, village-
committees within the village-level government wide NRM/EG activities decreases the stigma
structure. This level of collaboration with the local attached to the disease and increases participation
government ensures that program design is locally in JGI-supported activities.
appropriate, and it also fosters political buy-in that
proves critical for successful implementation and
future program sustainability. Challenges
Use of community-based health workers: Weak HIV capacity and lack of clarity on
The CBDAs/HBCPs provide a critical linkage mainstreaming: Mainstreaming HIV into NRM/
between clients and the health system. They act as EG activities is traditionally done by organizations
a conduit for rural and remote populations to access that do not have significant experience with HIV
facility-based health services and serve as effective or health expertise in general. Definitions of
health educators and mentors to improve the mainstreaming are somewhat vague and provide
uptake of health messages. Reaching beyond the little guidance for operationalization. In this context,
dispensary down to the hamlet level, they support concerns can arise that the mainstreaming of HIV
patients throughout the full continuum of care to will detract from an organization’s core area of
promote adherence and to improve retention. expertise and will divert resources. Staff of NRM/
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11. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
EG organizations can perceive the mainstreaming the high-level PEPFAR indicators for treatment,
of HIV as a burdensome addition to their daily work care, and support. JGI has grown accustomed to
and may be reluctant to prioritize these activities. USAID’s NRM/EG reporting requirements, which
allow for selection of customized indicators to
Funding from different USAID offices accurately represent its work. USAID/Tanzania
with different reporting requirements: has encouraged JGI to take full advantage of
Under the current GMU project, JGI receives both the comments section of its PEPFAR reports to
PEPFAR wraparound funds and NRM/EG funding qualitatively document its achievements, but JGI
through USAID/Tanzania. From a mainstreaming has expressed concern that funding levels may be
perspective, JGI takes the ideal approach of adversely impacted if they do not report against the
developing one single, integrated workplan by full set of PEPFAR indicators.
adding the PEPFAR wraparound funds to the
overall budget and incorporating all HIV activities Resource limitations: In several villages,
as part of its NRM/EG workplan. However, having the CBDAs’ bags, umbrellas, and rain boots
one workplan that incorporates both NRM/EG and need replacing, and the bicycles that JGI
HIV activities presents challenges for tracking provided in 2007 need repair. Additionally, as
spending from the two different funding sources. the microenterprise/microcredit groups have
This is especially true for fully integrated HIV and flourished, more PLHIV have become interested
NRM/EG activities, such as for HIV sensitization in participating. With increased funding, JGI would
and the education of beekeepers who receive be able to provide additional services, including
microenterprise support from JGI. In order to clearly replenishment of village-based supplies and
articulate activities and expenditures from each equipment, bicycle repairs, seed money for PLHIV
funding source, JGI had to artificially separate to join microenterprise/credit groups, and logistical
NRM/EG and HIV activities in the previously support for the MOHSW’s mobile outreach services,
integrated workplan and budget. including family planning, antiretroviral therapy, and
HIV testing and counseling.
Additionally, distinct reporting templates are used
for NRM/EG and HIV reporting. On a quarterly
basis, JGI completes NRM/EG reports that Recommendations
document in a specific wraparound section how
PEPFAR wraparound funds have been used to Key lessons can be drawn from JGI’s successful
implement HIV mainstreaming activities. These work in mainstreaming HIV services into NRM/EG
NRM/EG reports are shared with the PEPFAR activities in western Tanzania.
wraparound team. On a semi-annual basis,
JGI completes PEPFAR reports using a distinct Practice internal mainstreaming to foster
template to report against a set of standard staff’s understanding and commitment:
PEPFAR indicators. For staff to effectively mainstream HIV into their
daily work, they must be well-educated about
Fitting into PEPFAR indicators: JGI has found HIV infection and understand its impact on the
it challenging to accurately and fully capture its communities they serve. Internal mainstreaming,
work within PEPFAR’s standard set of indicators. including training during staff meetings and support
JGI’s mainstreamed HIV activities are primarily for staff members and their families affected by
prevention related, falling outside the purview of HIV, fosters a sense of well-being that will extend
The Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania: Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth Activities 11
12. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
to their work in the communities. If staff do not how it has mainstreamed HIV activities into its
feel adequately educated about HIV or enabled core work during that quarter. Furthermore,
to confront it within their own personal lives, they PEPFAR recently added an indicator to its reporting
will be ill equipped to mainstream HIV education templates that captures economic strengthening
and support services into NRM/EG activities at work for vulnerable families in order to address the
the community level. One recommendation worth broader development work that partners are doing.
strong consideration is the recruitment of a full-time This indicator should better capture the community-
staff member with health expertise to coordinate the based economic strengthening activities that most
mainstreaming of HIV into an organization’s NRM/ NRM/EG organizations will implement in the future.
EG activities and to build staff capacity.
Coordinate provision of technical
Maintain effective communication assistance to support mainstreaming:
between recipient and donors: PEPFAR As mentioned previously, mainstreaming HIV
wraparound funds link HIV programs with other into NRM/EG activities is traditionally done by
non-health sectors that may not have strong organizations without significant experience with
technical knowledge of HIV; similarly, HIV program HIV and that may have insufficient guidance.
staff may lack an understanding of NRM/EG. Organizations specializing in HIV, such as
To minimize confusion, regular communication AIDSTAR-One, can be contracted to provide
between the donors (in this case, USAID/Tanzania targeted technical assistance on the effective
staff from the Health and NRM/EG teams) and mainstreaming of HIV into annual workplans,
the wraparound funding recipient is imperative. implementation plans, and budgets.
Although quarterly reports are a form of regular
communication, as discussed previously, they have Promote sustainable, country-led
some inherent challenges. A schedule of regular programming: Strong partnerships with the
check-ins—including in-person meetings and field government are critical, beginning at the national
visits—might help improve the implementation of level and continuing down to the regional, district,
wraparound programming. and village levels. These partnerships ensure
that programming is locally appropriate and that
Take full advantage of both NRM/EG and governments have the technical capacity and
PEPFAR reports: As mentioned previously, political commitment to sustain programming in
there is a section in the NRM/EG quarterly reports the future.
where the organization thoroughly documents its
HIV mainstreaming activities. These NRM/EG Mainstream broader health issues:
reports are shared with the PEPFAR wraparound Mainstreaming should extend beyond HIV to
team. However, it can be challenging to accurately broader health issues such as maternal and
and fully capture HIV mainstreaming work within child health, water and sanitation, malaria, and
PEPFAR’s standard indicators. PEPFAR recognizes nutrition. The benefits of such an approach include
this fact and encourages partners to qualitatively the mitigation of HIV stigma, improved cost-
document their achievements in the comments effectiveness, and better attention to community
section of the PEPFAR reports. If an NRM/EG health needs overall, not just the relatively small
organization is not able to report on any of the number of households affected by HIV. This
PEPFAR indicators, it can still submit a satisfactory approach is also consistent with future funding
report by fully describing in the comments section trends as determined by the U.S. Global Health
12 AIDSTAR-One | August 2012
13. AIDSTAR-One | CASE STUDY SERIES
Initiative (GHI), which calls for increased integration 16, 2005. Available at www.fao.org/forestry/9719-
of such health concerns as HIV, tuberculosis, 088e4b8cdc0c6bd4b67eaa81e6427a705.pdf
malaria, nutrition, maternal and child health, (accessed February 2012).
neglected tropical diseases, safe water, sanitation,
and hygiene (U.S. GHI 2011). Jane Goodall Institute. 2009. Landscape Scale
Community-Centered Ecosystem Conservation
in Western Tanzania. Technical Application in
Conclusion Response to USAID/Tanzania 09-003-APS.
JGI’s work in the Kigoma District provides an Jane Goodall Institute. 2011. Landscape-Scale
example of successful implementation of PEPFAR Community-Centered Ecosystem Conservation
wraparound funding to mainstream HIV and in Western Tanzania: Gombe-Masito-Ugalla
broader health issues into NRM/EG activities. JGI Ecosystem, Historical Background and Progress.
has designed a community-centered model of
conservation that addresses the socioeconomic Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS,
development priorities of the local people, including World Bank, and United Nations Development
health, education, safe water, and access to capital. Program. 2005. Mainstreaming HIV and AIDS
Through thoughtful leveraging of the NRM/EG in Sectors and Programmes: An Implementation
platform, JGI has effectively balanced community Guide for National Responses. Available at
priorities and adherence to its core mandate of www.undp.org/content/dam/aplaws/publication/
protecting chimpanzees and their habitat. Lessons en/publications/hiv-aids/mainstreaming-hiv-and-
that have emerged during JGI’s work in the Kigoma aids-in-sectors-and-programmes--guide/19.pdf
District could help other organizations, program (accessed June 2012).
managers, policymakers, donors, and country
governments to more effectively mainstream HIV Oglethorpe, Judy, and Nancy Gelman. 2007. HIV/
and broader health issues into NRM/EG activities AIDS and the Environment: Impacts of AIDS
within their own contexts. g and Ways to Reduce Them: Fact Sheet for the
Conservation Community. Washington, DC: World
REFERENCES Wildlife Fund, Inc., reproduced from UNAIDS.
Available at www.worldwildlife.org/what/
Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group. 2002. communityaction/people/phe/WWFBinaryitem7051.
“Proceedings on HIV/AIDS and Natural Resource pdf (accessed February 2012).
Management Linkages.” Proceedings presented
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September 2002. “Connecting the Dots of International Development.”
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Barany, Marc, Christine Holding-Anyonge, (accessed November 2011).
Dennis Kayambazinthu, and Almeida Sitoe. 2005.
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the IFPRI Conference: HIV/AIDS and Food and documents/organization/169695.pdf (accessed
Nutrition Security, Durban, South Africa, April 14– November 2011).
The Jane Goodall Institute in Tanzania: Mainstreaming HIV Programming into Natural Resource Management and Economic Growth Activities 13
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U.S. Global Health Initiative. 2011. “U.S. Global RECOMMENDED CITATION
Health Initiative. Saving Lives and Promoting
Security.” Available at www.ghi.gov/newsroom/ Rossi, Victoria, Grace Lusiola, and Aysa Saleh-
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS USAID’s AIDS Support and Technical Assistance
Resources, AIDSTAR-One, Task Order 1.
The authors would like to thank the following
agencies for providing input and guidance for the
development of this case study: the U.S. Agency for Please visit www.AIDSTAR-One.com for
International Development (USAID)/Tanzania, the additional AIDSTAR-One case studies and other
Jane Goodall Institute (JGI) Kigoma, the Kigoma HIV- and AIDS-related resources.
Vijana Development Association, JGI Washington,
USAID/Washington, and the United Republic of
Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare.
Special thanks go to Grey Saga (USAID/Tanzania),
Emmanuel Mtiti (JGI Kigoma), Alice Macharia (JGI
Washington), and all the community members of the
Kigoma District who shared their perspectives and
experiences.
14 AIDSTAR-One | August 2012
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