AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body's immune system is badly damaged because of the virus. In the U.S., most people with HIV do not develop AIDS because taking HIV medicine as prescribed stops the progression of the disease. AIDS is the disease caused by the damage that HIV does to your immune system. You have AIDS when you get dangerous infections or have a super low number of CD4 cells. AIDS is the most serious stage of HIV, and it leads to death over time. AIDS is a syndrome, or range of symptoms, that may develop in time in a person with HIV who does not receive treatment. A person can have HIV without developing AIDS, but it is not possible to have AIDS without first having HIV. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life. But with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled. People with HIV who get effective HIV treatment can live long, healthy lives and protect their partners.

1. z
AQSA SHAHID
AIDS

2. z
Definition
 HIV is a virus & AIDS is the last stage of HIV.
 Aids stands for (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
 People with aids have weekend immune system that make them vulnerable to
medical conditions and infections.
 Its incubation period is from few months to 10 years.
 About 37.9 million people living with HIV and HIV killed more than 25 million
people died

3. z
Risk factors
 A risk factor is something that raises a person's chances of getting a
disease or health problem. A person can have HIV with or without any
of those listed below. But the more risks they have, the higher the
chances of getting HIV.
 Certain lifestyle factors are linked to HIV infection. By avoiding or
changing certain behaviors, a person can lower their risk. The most
common risks are:

4. z
 Having Unprotected Sex:-
Most people get HIV by having sex. During sex, the virus can enter the
body through the genitals, rectum, and mouth. A person can lower this
risk by using a condom during sex every time.
 Drug Use:-
Using needles to inject drugs raises the risk of HIV. This is mainly true
if they are dirty or shared needles. Even a small amount of blood with
HIV can be passed to someone else

5. z
 Blood Products:-
Blood banks did not test for HIV until 1985. There was no way of knowing if the blood had
HIV in it. The infection was passed through blood transfusions. There is still some degree
of risk. This is because tests cannot find HIV in a blood donor who just got it.
 Having Certain Jobs:-
Working in certain jobs raises the risk of HIV. This is due to exposure to bodily fluids.
These jobs may be in:
 Healthcare
 Prisons
 Labs

6. z
 Having Certain Health Problems:-
Having a sexually transmitted infection(STI)/ sexually transmitted disease
(STDs) makes a person's risk of HIV higher. The most common ones are:
 genital herpes (virus)
 chlamydia (common and bacteria)
 gonorrhea(common and bacteria)
 syphilis(dangerous and stages)

7. z
The risk of HIV is also higher for those who
 Are men who have sex with men
 Have a partner who is at high risk or already has HIV
 Have many sex partners
 Have sex with someone who has many partners
 Are exposed to blood or bodily fluids with HIV
 Were born when their birth mother had HIV
 Live in or stay in places where HIV infection is common
 Have an uncircumcised penis
 a person with a vaginal infection or STI who has sex with someone with HIV.

8. z
Not transmitted by
 Kissing.
 Using toilet seats.
 Insects biting.
 Touching.
 Sharing cutlery.

9. z
Preventions
 You can use strategies such as Abstinence (not having sex), never
sharing needles and awareness about use of condoms during
intercourse.
 You may also be able to take advantage of HIV prevention medicines
such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis
(PEP).
 Strict sterilization to techniques in hospitals clinics should be applied.
 Do not donate blood or Organs.
 Do not share razors blades and toothbrushes.
 If you are pregnant, Get medical care right away

10. z
Treatment:
 The treatment for HIV is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART
involves taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV
treatment regimen) every day.
 ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV. ART cannot cure
HIV, but HIV medicines help people with HIV live longer, healthier
lives. ART also reduces the risk of HIV transmission.

11. z
Rehabilitation
 Simple definition,
 ‘’ A set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce
disability in individuals with health conditions in interaction with their
environment. ‘’
 Rehabilitation in the context of HIV is defined as;
 ‘’ A dynamic process including any prevention and/or treatment activities
and services that address body impairments, activity limitations and
social participation restrictions for an individual. ‘’
 Rehabilitation services such as physical therapy and occupational
therapy can help address disability related to adverse effects of
medications, fatigue, pain, cognitive problems, and issues related to
employment; and has the potential to improve quality of life in people
living with HIV

12. z
Types of rehabilitation
 There are basic four types of Rehabilitation, which are as follows;
 Medical rehabilitation.
 Social rehabilitation.
 Psychological rehabilitation.
 Physical rehabilitation.

13. z
Medical rehabilitation
 Medical rehabilitation means medical support services to facilitate
speedy
 Maximum recuperation prior to or during rehabilitative employment,
including physical, psychological or emotional assessments, therapy,
treatment and conditioning.
 Helps a person better in all his daily physical and mental activities.
 Related to increasing the potential capabilities and correction of
deformities.
 Restoration of functions.

14. z
Social rehabilitation
 Implies social life.
 Restoration of family.
 Social interactions or relationships.
 Key aspects of Social Rehabilitation are Hygiene Care, Health Care,
Communication, Mobility, Domestic Activities, Safety Management,
Parental Responsibilities, Motivation, Cognitive Tasks of Daily Living;
Sexuality and Financial management.

15. z
Psychological rehabilitation
 The process that facilitates opportunities for persons with chronic
illness to reach their optimal level of independent functioning in
society and for improving their quality of life.
 Includes psychological restoration of personal dignity and confidence.

16. z
Physical rehabilitation
 Physical medicine and rehabilitation is a medical specialty that
helps people regain body functions they lost due to medical
conditions or injury.
 It is provided by physical therapists who promote, maintain, or
restore health through physical examination, diagnosis,
prognosis, patient education, physical intervention, rehabilitation,
disease prevention, and health promotion

17. z
Psychological Intervention of AIDS :
1-AIDS is the late stage of HIV infection that occurs when the body’s immune system is badly
damaged because of the virus. In the U.S., most people with HIV do not develop AIDS
because taking HIV medicine every day as prescribed stops the progression of the
disease.Interventions to reduce risk-related behavior loom large as the best way to control the
spread of HIV infection.
2-Several methods and interventions have proved highly effective in reducing the risk of, and
protecting against, HIV infection, including male and female condoms, the use of antiretroviral
medicines as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), voluntary male medical circumcision (VMMC),
behaviour change interventions to reduce the number of sexual partners, the use of clean
needles and syringes, opiate substitution therapy (e.g. methadone) and the treatment of
people living with HIV to reduce viral load and prevent onward transmission.
3-Given the diversity of groups at special risk for AIDS adolescents,
homosexuals, low-income women,minorities-intensive, community-based inter-
ventions tailored to particular at-risk groups are most effective. The CDC
recommends that 3-HIV testing be aNstandard part of medical care, as at least
one-quarter of people who are HIV positive do not know it.
4-However, even brief educational or stages-of-change based inter- ventions can
increase the willingness to be tested.

18. z
Continue………..
 5- Most intervention begin by educating the target population about
risky activity , providing information about HIV Infections and
modes of transmission .
 6-Despite the availability of this widening array of effective HIV
prevention tools and methods and a massive scale-up of HIV
treatment in recent years, new infections among adults globally
have not decreased sufficiently. The 2016 United Nations Political
Declaration on Ending AIDS target is to reduce new HIV infections
to fewer than 500 000 by 2020, from more than 1.8 million in 2016.