Zeenat Textile Pvt Ltd is a leading textile manufacturer and exporter in Pakistan founded in 1972. It produces high quality products under brands like "Rabia Lawn" and "Classic Lawn" which are exported to countries in South America, Europe and elsewhere. The document provides an overview of the company's management and various departments, including the finance and accounts departments. It then analyzes the company's performance and ratios related to liquidity, leverage, and profitability for 2007-2009. Overall the analysis finds that while the company faced some challenges, its financial position and ratios were generally satisfactory during this period.

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INTRODUCTION
Zeenat Textile Industries Pvt. Limited Gujranwala has the privilege to
be the first member of the esteemed Zeenat Group. Founded in 1972
by the most illustrious brothers, Haji Abdul Ghafoor (late) and Haji
Bashir Ahmad, is now led by the Hafiz Abdul Waheed , a dynamic
second generation leader of Pakistan textile industry.
Zeenat Textile is one of the largest manufacturer and registered leading
exporter of textile goods in Pakistan. It is exporting high quality
products. Its products of brand name such as “Rabia Lawn” and
“Classic Lawn” are amongst leader in the market. Zeenat Textile has
designing, and printing departments. The bedding and fabric collection
of Zeenat Textile are exported to South America,Paris,Yaman and
much more European countries.
Zeenat Group by now is in textile cloth finishing and processing,
textile spinning, color alkali industries and power plant. Hafiz Abdul
Waheed and Muhammad Ahmed Madni the present Chairman of the
Group, the two creative and courageous men, latter joined by second
generation, making a blend of experience and modern business
knowledge, managed the business growth and development with
assistance of highly qualified team of professionals. Faith in Almighty
Allah and in their own abilities & commitment to the cause, untiring
efforts and leadership qualities of the family, established the group,
which now stands amongst Leading Industrial Groups of the Country,
under the Chairmanship of Hafiz Abdul Waheed.
Introduction of Finance Department
Finance Department is the backbone of every organization.The finance
department is such a department where the financial matters are
prepared. The main function of the finance department is to maintain
the net cash inflows and net cash outflows. Here the financial
objectives are described for at least three years in the future. The main
financial objectives of the finance department is to increasing the gross
sales, decreasing the cost of goods sold, increasing the gross margin,
increasing the net income, return on investment and return on income.

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Account Department
The Account Department is responsible for the entire accounting
process of the organization regarding the recording of transactions,
designing the accounting system, preparation of financial statements
and computer application to the accounting process.
Functions of the Account Department
A. The main function of the accounting department is to
record the business transactions.
B. This department also designs the accounting policies.
C. The department is responsible to maintain the books of
accounts.
D. This department also prepares the financial statements
and offer these to the shareholders
Thus by studying the above functions it is clear that the finance
department is restricted up to the recording and maintaining the
account data. The directors control all the financial matters. Chief
Financial Officer Mr. Zulfiqar heads this department.
The set up of this department is as under:
Chief Financial Officer
Manager Accounts
Cash Manager
Accountant
Data Entry Operator
The Account Department is mainly divided into the following three
sections:
1. Stores section
2. Salaries and Wages Section
3. General Accounting Section
My Activity in Account Department

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My activity in account department are to record the business
transactions and also maintain the books of accounts.andn posting in
computer software and also prepares the financial statements and
reconcile the bank statement and the end of the each month.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
During internship, I was done critical analysis of Zeenat Textile
industries .In my point of view following factors is disturbed the
functionality of any organization.
POLITICAL FACTORS
Laws, Govt. agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit
various organizations and individuals in a given society are included in
political factors. Recent political changes will hopefully have a
favorable effect on the economy during the next financial year. The
sanctions, which were made by the Americans after the nuclear tests,
have been removed. Now the exports of the country increased and
expand to more foreign countries. In this way foreign exchange
earnings increased. Govt. should have sound policies, which helpful in
marketing the textile sector.
The Govt. must take care of textile sector and make good policies for
the textile sector for exports and imports. The Govt. has favorable
policies to encourage the exports of the country especially in textile
sector.
ECONOMICAL FACTORS
The zeenat products are at the maturity stage and have positive image
in local and international market. A present and future capacity of the
products of Zeenat textile is forecasted to be good because of the
designs which are made, up to the standards of new generation. The
economic environment consists of factors that effect consumer
purchasing power and spending pattern. In most of the international
market the consumption of zeenat products are considered best in
quality. Changes in major economic variables such as income, cost of
living, interest rates and savings and borrowing patterns have a large

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impact on the market place. So before entering to the international
market, the Zeenat textile must considered these things.
SOCIAL FACTORS
The cultural and social environment is made up of institutions and
other forces that affect a society’s basic values, perceptions
and preferences and behaviors. People grow up in a particular society
that shapes their basic beliefs and values.
This is the policy of Zeenat textile that the products for exports
are designed according to the beliefs and values of the international
consumers. The products are made according to the changing lifestyles
and liking and disliking of the customers.
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
STIL has good financial resources and they are in a position to install
the latest machinery and introduce latest technology in their production
department. They have a ability to designs new products after the
introduction of new technologies in designing and production
department. Introduction of new technologies creates new markets and
opportunities for Zeenat textiles. Companies that do not keep up with
technological changes soon will find their products out dated and they
will miss new product and market opportunities. Because of good
financial resources Zeenat textile introduce new technology in all its
departments.
SWOT ANALYSIS
Managers of ZTM always review the mission and goals and then they
scan the internal and external environment to identify elements that
influence the organization performance. To determine such elements
SWOT analysis is conducted. SWOT is a method that helps managers
identify the organizational strengths (S) Weakness (W) Opportunities
(O) Threats (T)
STRENGTHS
1. Adequate financial resources
2. Specialized in printing

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3. Have a diversified group of industries
4. Good market image
5. Competent management and workers
6. Have a ability to compete with competitors
7. In home facility of production
8. Loyal customer
WEAKNESSES
1. Less chances of promotion
2. Centralized decision making
3. Salary package is not attractive
4. Less motivation
5. Not enjoy the economy of scale
OPPORTUNITIES
1. New market coverage
2. New quality introduction
3. Extension of stitching department
4. Latest machinery installation
5. Market trend analysis
THREATS
1. GST is a biggest threats
2. Prices increases due to currency devaluation
3. New entrance of quality conscious competitors
4. Low price offered by the competitors
5. Strong promotional activities to convince buyers
by competitors.
(1) Ratio Analysis
1.Liquidity Ratios

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(a)Current Ratio:
The current ratio denotes that how the current assets are related to
current liabilities.it assures the liquidity of a company and shows the
true and fair position of a company for the short period of time.
Current Ratio =Current Assets/Current Liabilitie
Company C.R for year 2007 C.R for year 2008 C.R for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile
Mills
259668235 / 16542
=1.56:1 Ans
290045557/180934336
1.59: 1 Ans
3084 39100 / 221529574
=1.39:1 Ans
Comment: it is very important for a Zeenat Textile Mills to have a
reasonable amount of current assets.Because they can be turned into
cash in a now time.The current ratio of Zeenat Textile decreased in
year 2009 due to rapid increase in liabilities as compared to liquid
assets This is not a good sign for a Zeenat Textile Mills to face
reduction in its current assets proportion due to increase in debts.
b. Acid Test ratio :
The acid test ratio is used to observe the liquidity of an organization in
more appropriate way.It excludes the the inventory and all prepaid
expenses from the current to create a fair picture for the investors and
the shareholder’s to judge their predictions about the related
organization.
Acid Test Ratio = Current Assets – Inventory – Prepaid Expenses /
Curr. Liabilities

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Company A.T.R for year 2007 A.T.R for year 2008 A.T.R for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
259668235 – 0 - 5226469
/ 165425481
=1.53 : 1 Ans
288158455 – 0 – 7628764 /
180933436
= 1.55 : 1 Ans
308439100 – 0 – 5605855 /
221529574
=1.36 : 1 Ans
Comment: The Acid test ratio for the Zeenat Textile was best in year
2008 due to healthy contribution in the current assets.The ratio moved
down in year 2009 due to decrease in current assets which is a threat to
to the liquidity of the Zeenat Textile.
(c)Working Capital:
Working capital is the resultant amount which we get By subtracting
current liabilities for the current assets. It shows how the company has
spare amount of surplus other than its routine consuming.The Working
capital should always being positive
Working Capital =Current Assets – Current Liabilities
Company W.C for year 2007 W.C for year 2008 W.C for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
259668235 –165425481
= =94242754 Ans
288158455 – 180934336
=107224119 Ans
308439100 - 221529574
=86909526 Ans
Comment:-
The presence of extra current assets provide the flexibility to the
Company to run its operations smoothly and a sign of relief for The
working capital of Zeenat Textile was highest in 2008 due to
Presence of sound current assets.It decreased in year 2009 due to
decrease in investments in its current assets.
(d) Sales to working capital ratio:
The sales to working capital ratio or the working capital turnover Ratio
measures the efficiency of the company to utilize its working Capital
in their sales.The high working capital ratio is not good because It

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reduces the liquidity of the company which is not worth for a
Company.
Sales to working capital Ratio= Net Sales /Working Capital
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile
Mills
21201422/94242754
=0.224 times Ans
30570540/107224119
=0.285 times Ans
41121503/86909526
=0.473 times Ans
Comment:
The working capital turnover ratio for the Zeenat Textile was
satisfactory In 2007 due to increase in Mark up earnings.In latter years
the markup earnings improved rapidly due to which the ratio also
moved around and sales exceeds the entire proportion.
(2)Leverage Ratios
(a)Time interest Earned Ratio:
The Time interest earned ratio describes how effectively the company
Meets to its debt payments.It is calculated by dividing total earnings
Before interest and the tax by the Interest payments.It should be high
For a company.
Time Interest Earned Ratio = EBIT/Interes
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile
Mills
12313669/6360593
=1.93 Ans
15006838/8885898
=1.68 Ans
20160239/9624119
=2.15 Ans
Comment:
The ratio was good in year 2007 due to control over interest charges
Incurred due to the borrowings.The interest charges increased in Year
2008 but in 2009 the earnings tends to boost and the ratio wa highest.
(b)Debt Ratio:

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The debt ratio make a look between the total liabilities to be paid for a
Company against the total assets contained by the company in its hold
The debt ratio should be as low as possible because it reduces the
Leverage of the company.
Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities /Total assets
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
300231481/320109723
=0.937:1 Ans
3443244578/366680198
=0.939:1Ans
=0.939:1An
388414353/418374331
=0.928:1 Ans
Comment:
The debt ratio of Zeenat Textile was average in year 2007 due to the
presence of adequate assets which were exceeding the liabilities
payables.In 2009 the investments and advances of Zeenat Textile
increased due to which ratio moved low. (c) Debt to
equity Ratio:
The debt to equity ratio describes the relationship between the total
Liabilities and the shareholder’s equity in a company.it indicates the
Soundness of the company long run policies.The 1: 1 ratio between
debt And the equity proportion is considered normal or satisfactory but
when It raises from 1 it is not good to obtain.
Debt to Equity Ratio =Total liabilities/shareholder’s equity
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile
Mills
300231481/18408391
=1.630:1 Ans =1.630:1 Ans
=1.630:1 Ans
344324578/20805117
=1.654 :1Ans
=0.939:1An
388414353/25891278
=1.5001 :1 Ans
Comment:

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The debt to equity ratio for the Zeenat Textile was highest in 2008 due
to less investments in shares than the ultimate liabilities paid by
Zeenat Textile Mills.The investments increased in 2009 and ratio
decreased but not to optimal level to be satisfactor
Equity Ratio = Total Equity/Total assets
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
18408391/320109723
=0.0575*100
=5.75% Ans
=1.630:1 Ans
20805117/366680192
=0.05678*100
=5.67% Ans
=0.939:1An
25891278/418397331
=0.0618*100
=6.18%Ans
Comment:
The total equity ratio for the Zeenat Textile is good in year 2007 due to
significant amount of equity.It came a little down in year 2008 due to
some slow increase in investments.In year 2009 it was best due to rise
in shares investments
(3)Profitability Ratios:
Net Profit Margin:
The net profit Margin is the percentage return on the sales in respect
To the net income for the Particular period.It should be higher and
higher.
Net Profit Margin=Net Income /Net Sales*100

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Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
4076058/21201422*100
=0.19*100
=19%Ans
=1.630:1 Ans
4156686/30570540*100
=0.13*100
=13%Ans
=0.939:1An
7122167/41121503
=0.17*100
=17%Ans
Comment;
The net profit margin for the Zeenat Textile was best in year 2007 due
to optimal Net income on the mark up earnings.It came down in 2008
due to increased expenses but in year 2009 it rise again due to getting
control on expenses.
Total Assets Turnover Ratio:
The assets turnover ratio is the percentage of return on total assets
Against the Net sales for that particular year. It should be worthy.
Operating Income Margin:
The operating income margin describes the amount of the margin afte
written off The direct expenses and the total factory cost. it should be
efficient.
Operating income Margin=Operating Income /Net Sales*100
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
46349828/21201422*100
=0.214*100
=2.14%Ans
563633/30570540
=0.18*100
=1.8% Ans
10811077/41121503
=0.262*100
=2.62% Ans
Comment:
The operating margin for Zeenat Textile was very good in year 2007
due increased operating earnings.It came little down in year 2008 due
to losing control on operating expenses and become best in 2009 due to
making heavy earnings and reducing expens

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Return on total Equity:
The return on the total equity describes the total income derived from
the Total equity of a company.it should be high to generate heavy
income.
Return on Total Equity=Net Income /Avg Total Equity
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
4076058/18408391
=.22*100
=22% Ans
4156686/20805117
=0.199*100
=19.97%Ans
=0.939:1An
7122167/25871278
=0.2752*100
=27.52%Ans
Comment:
The return on equity for the Zeenat Textile was good in year 2007 du
to obtaining heavy income from the total equity of the shareholders it
came down in 2008 due to increase in expenses but become best in
year 2009 due to increase in shareholder’s equity and decreased
expenses.
Gross Profit Margin:
The gross profit margin indicates the pricing strategy adopted by
Company very well.but it could not explain the financial soundness Of
the company.
Gross Profit Margin=Gross Profit/Net Sales *100
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat Textile
Mills
5953076/21201422*100
=0.28*100
=28%Ans
6120940/30570540*100
=0.20*100
=20%Ans
10571622/41121503*100
=0.25*100
=25%Ans
Comment:

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The gross profit Margin for the year 2007 was the best due to efficient
gross earnings and increased mark up income.It came down in year
2008 due to increase in expense barriers but rise again in 2009 due to
obtaining good income from sales.
(4) Market Ratios
Earning Per Share:
Earning Per Share= Net Income/No. of shares outstanding
Company for year 2007 for year 2008 for year 2009
Zeenat
Textile Mills
4076158/646364325
=0.0063 Ans
4156686/646364325
=0.0064 Ans
7122167/711000758
=0.010 Ans
comment:
Earning per share for the Zeenat Textile is not good due to less
investment in shares. It was discouraging in all of the years from year
2007 to 2009.
Application of Class room learning in
organization:
I have seen many of my classrooms learning to be applied in Zeenat
Textile. Of course Zeenat Textile is a typical commercial organization
having business administration disciplines i.e. marketing, finance,
human resource management, information system, administration,
management etc. As I got rotated in all the 3 major departments of
Zeenat Textile, I came to see my concepts to be applied practically
there.
Marketing Department:

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I observed aggressive market capturing techniques practiced by the
travel agents there, who are at the same time competing among
themselves for gaining even a single customer.Similarly I saw the
marketing officers there dealing with the ethical and unethical both
kinds of tactics adopted my travel agents in their business with Zeenat
Textile.There are number of possible distribution channels used by
Zeenat Textile direct & indirect (travel agents).And for retaining the
loyalty of their frequent buyers.
FINANCE DEPARTMENT:
In finance all the procedures were same as I have read and exercised in
accounting & fiancé. Zeenat Textile’s annual report is updated on
quarterly basis by Account office
manager. There is monthly bank reconciliation of Zeenat Textile on its
accounts
HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT:
HR department of Zeenat Textile completely coincides with the
literature of HRM.Zeenat Textile is carrying out class-room, on the
job, job rotation and simulative training However there is sometimes
recruiting carried out on merit basis HR evaluation system is very
good.Each and every transaction in Zeenat Textile is recorded both
manually and electronically through their specially developed software
systems
Learning:
Throughout Six weeks training in Zeenat textile, we learnt so many
practical things about the main function of the accounting department
that how is to record the business transactions also designs the
accounting policies to maintain the books of accounts and computer
application to the accounting process and also prepares the financial
statements and offer these to the shareholders Thus by studying the
above functions it is clear that the finance department is restricted up to
the recording and maintaining the account data.we also learnt about the
pretreatment process.We study function and importance of
pretreatment department and its procedure to do the production. We
perceived about this organization that, it has a strong departmental
structure and this is playing a vital role in the organization success.
The pretreatment department can add up its efforts in the betterment of
organization by reducing errors on consistent basis, as improvement is
not a one day process it’s a slow day by day process.

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Suggestion:
Following are the suggestions to further enhance and update the quality
of the Zeenat printing &dyeing mills pvt ltd.
1.The immediate need is to modify or develop the new system as per
demand of the time so that further requirements are met accordingly.
2.Made the system easy and end user friendly.
3.Improve the user interface and user training program in order to
enhance end user productivity
4.Find out the new color and design in printing to compete in the
market.
5.Recruit new and trained employees to decrease the work load on
current employees.
6.Proper maintenance of the system.
7.Use the high speed technology which is basic need of a good
information system.
8.The staff must be properly trained and skilled. Secondly, the right
person should be put to the right job so that the customer may be
satisfied with the conduct and performance of the staff.
9.Appointment on key post should not be made on political basis
because people appointed in this way are not only capricious minded
but they also cast bad reflection upon the reputation of the
organization.
10.Fair appraisal system must be introduced. Equality appeals to
everyone while injustice discourages every qualified, hardworking and
conscientious employee.

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11.Every eligible employee should be rewarded according to his merit.
All the above suggestions will earn a good reputation and goodwill for
the organization.