This document discusses vibration analysis of centrifugal blowers to improve bearing life. It analyzes blower structural issues and causes of vibration like design defects, manufacturing defects, and operational stresses. Vibration data is collected from various blower locations and analyzed using spectral plots. Corrective actions like balancing, alignment, and modifying accessories like the plumber block are discussed to prevent bearing failure. Equations for calculating ball pass frequencies, bearing life, heat generation, grease quantity, and friction coefficients are also provided. The analysis indicates excessive vibration develops due to material buildup changing balance conditions. Periodic vibration monitoring and corrective maintenance actions can extend equipment life.
Punching Shear Strength of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete SlabsIJMER
The experimental study of punching shear behavior of High Strength fiber reinforced
concrete slabs is carried out in the present work. Each of 24 square slabs was simply supported along
four edges and loaded to failure under a concentrated load over a square area at the center. The test
parameters were the effective span to depth aid ratio, volume fraction of 3 types of steel fibers, slab
thickness h, concrete strength fck, and size of load-bearing plate r. Test results indicate that the load
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Punching Shear Strength of High Strength Fibre Reinforced Concrete SlabsIJMER
The experimental study of punching shear behavior of High Strength fiber reinforced
concrete slabs is carried out in the present work. Each of 24 square slabs was simply supported along
four edges and loaded to failure under a concentrated load over a square area at the center. The test
parameters were the effective span to depth aid ratio, volume fraction of 3 types of steel fibers, slab
thickness h, concrete strength fck, and size of load-bearing plate r. Test results indicate that the load
Mitigation of Fault in the Distribution System by using Flexible Distributed ...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Artificial Intelligence based optimization of weld bead geometry in laser wel...IJMER
This paper reports on a modeling and optimization of laser welding of aluminum-magnesium alloy thickness of 1.7mm. Regression analysis is used for modeling and Genetic algorithm is used for optimize the process parameters.The input values for the regression methods is taken according the Taguchi based orthogonal array. A software named Computer aided Robust Parameter Genetic Algorithm CARPGA has been developed in MATLAB 2013 which combine all of these methodologies. This software has been validated with some published paper.
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Indust...IJMER
ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
T04201162168Optimal Allocation of FACTS Device with Multiple Objectives Using...IJMER
In this paper Multi objective functions are simultaneously considered as the indexes of the system performance minimize total generation fuel cost and maximize system load-ability within system security margin. To find the optimal location and optimal value for Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) using optimization technique Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize system load-ability and minimize the system losses considering multi objectives optimization approach. A GA based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is proposed to determine the type of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission system) controllers, its optimal location and rating of the devices in power systems. The value of TCSC and line losses is applied as measure of power system performance. The type of FACTS controllers are used and modeled for steady-state studies: TCSC, minimize total generation fuel cost and maximize system load-ability within system security margin. Simulations will be carrying on IEEE30 bus power system for type of FACTS devices.
Effect of Co doping on the structural and physical properties of SrC4H4O6.3H2...IJMER
Single crystals of strontium tartrate and cobalt doped strontium tartrate crystals were
grown by the single diffusion gel growth technique. The growth conditions were optimized by varying
the parameters such as pH, concentration of the gel, gel setting time and concentration of the reactants.
Silica gel was used as the growth medium with test tubes as crystallization vessels. Crystals having
different morphologies were obtained (transparent and few opaque). The grown crystals were
characterized by carrying out PXRD, SXRD, FTIR spectral, UV-Vis-NIR spectral, SHG, PL spectral,
AAS, microhardness and TG/DTA measurements. The tri hydrate crystals belong to the monoclinic
crystal system and the tetra hydrate crystals belong to orthorhombic crystal system and are optically
transparent, NLO active, mechanically soft and thermally stable up to 100 °C. AAS measurement
revealed the presence of Co atoms in the doped crystals. Results indicate that Co-doping significantly
increases SHG efficiency. Details are presented
In this paper, we define and study about a new type of generalized closed set called, 𝑔∗s-closed set.Its relationship with already defined generalized closed sets are also studied.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Ap...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Finite Element Analysis of Obround Pressure VesselsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Comparing: Routing Protocols on Basis of sleep modeIJMER
The architecture of ad hoc wireless network consists of mobile nodes for communication
without the use of fixed-position routers. The communication between them takes place without
centralized control. Routing is a very crucial issue, so to deal with this routing algorithms must deliver
the packet in significant delay. There are different protocols for handling the mobile environment like
AODV, DSR and OLSR. But this paper will focus on performance of AODV and OLSR routing protocols.
The performance of these protocols is analyzed on two metrics: time and throughput
Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic Behavior in RC Building...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A Review of Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor NetworkIJMER
A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists of processing capability, may contain multiple types of memory, have a RF transceiver, have a power source, and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes
communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication .The performance of the network is
greatly influenced by the routing techniques. Routing is to find out the path to route the sensed data to the base station. In this paper the features of WSNs are introduced and routing protocols are reviewed for Wireless Sensor Network
BALL BEARING ANALYSIS OF FAULT SIMULATION USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD - A REV...ijiert bestjournal
Effectiveness of transient analysis of the finite dement bearing model to simulate the vibration signal emanating from ball bearing with faults is presented in this work. It is difficult to identify the ball bearing defect either in frequency spectrum or time domain when the defect is at incipient stage. Further,it is difficult to experimentally obtain vibration signals from bearing having fault at incipient stage. Thus,need for accurate simulation of ball bearing fault at incipient stage is considered essential. A Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of a ball bearing having a mi nor crack in outer - race was created using commercially available software. It was shown that iden tification of ball bearing defect in frequency spectrum is difficult. The results were validated with experimental results.
Artificial Intelligence based optimization of weld bead geometry in laser wel...IJMER
This paper reports on a modeling and optimization of laser welding of aluminum-magnesium alloy thickness of 1.7mm. Regression analysis is used for modeling and Genetic algorithm is used for optimize the process parameters.The input values for the regression methods is taken according the Taguchi based orthogonal array. A software named Computer aided Robust Parameter Genetic Algorithm CARPGA has been developed in MATLAB 2013 which combine all of these methodologies. This software has been validated with some published paper.
Integrating Environmental Accounting in Agro-Allied and Manufacturing Indust...IJMER
ONLY WHEN THE LAST TREE IS CUT, ONLY WHEN THE LAST RIVER IS POLLUTED, ONLY WHEN THE LAST FISH IS CAUGHT, ONLY THEN WILL THEY REALIZE THAT YOU CANNOT EAT MONEY’ American proverb
Due to growing awareness and concern on the impact of human activity on the ecosystem, there is an
increasing trend to judge organizations in relation to the community in which it operates. The impact of the activities on the environment with regard to pollution of water, air, land and abuse of natural resources are coming under scrutiny of governments, stakeholders and citizens. Education is considered the key to effective development strategies and TVET institutions then must be the master
key that can alleviate poverty, promote peace, conserve the environment, improve the quality of life
for all and help achieve sustainable development. Unless proper accounting work is done, it cannot be determined that both have been fulfilling their responsibilities. The aim of the study was to explore whether distinctive processes of environmental accounting are possible in agro-allied and
manufacturing industries with a view to enhancing sustainability. To accomplish this aim, this research explores environmental accountability practices in TVET institutions. This paper is in part of an exploratory research project and it is limited in that it attempts to be illuminative and theoretically driven. The paper aims to prove that environmental reporting and disclosure will
enable in agro-allied and manufacturing industries undertake a major transformation that includes
approaches that harmonize economic prosperity, environmental conservation and social well-being.
However, while strategies for achieving this goal are not widespread, a range of international experiences is beginning to suggest ways forward. These initiatives include national TVET policy reforms, green campus, green curriculum, green community, green research and green culture. The paper includes suggested templates that can be useful in agro-allied and manufacturing industries
T04201162168Optimal Allocation of FACTS Device with Multiple Objectives Using...IJMER
In this paper Multi objective functions are simultaneously considered as the indexes of the system performance minimize total generation fuel cost and maximize system load-ability within system security margin. To find the optimal location and optimal value for Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) using optimization technique Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize system load-ability and minimize the system losses considering multi objectives optimization approach. A GA based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is proposed to determine the type of FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission system) controllers, its optimal location and rating of the devices in power systems. The value of TCSC and line losses is applied as measure of power system performance. The type of FACTS controllers are used and modeled for steady-state studies: TCSC, minimize total generation fuel cost and maximize system load-ability within system security margin. Simulations will be carrying on IEEE30 bus power system for type of FACTS devices.
Effect of Co doping on the structural and physical properties of SrC4H4O6.3H2...IJMER
Single crystals of strontium tartrate and cobalt doped strontium tartrate crystals were
grown by the single diffusion gel growth technique. The growth conditions were optimized by varying
the parameters such as pH, concentration of the gel, gel setting time and concentration of the reactants.
Silica gel was used as the growth medium with test tubes as crystallization vessels. Crystals having
different morphologies were obtained (transparent and few opaque). The grown crystals were
characterized by carrying out PXRD, SXRD, FTIR spectral, UV-Vis-NIR spectral, SHG, PL spectral,
AAS, microhardness and TG/DTA measurements. The tri hydrate crystals belong to the monoclinic
crystal system and the tetra hydrate crystals belong to orthorhombic crystal system and are optically
transparent, NLO active, mechanically soft and thermally stable up to 100 °C. AAS measurement
revealed the presence of Co atoms in the doped crystals. Results indicate that Co-doping significantly
increases SHG efficiency. Details are presented
In this paper, we define and study about a new type of generalized closed set called, 𝑔∗s-closed set.Its relationship with already defined generalized closed sets are also studied.
Parametric Analysis and Optimization of Turning Operation by Using Taguchi Ap...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Finite Element Analysis of Obround Pressure VesselsIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Comparing: Routing Protocols on Basis of sleep modeIJMER
The architecture of ad hoc wireless network consists of mobile nodes for communication
without the use of fixed-position routers. The communication between them takes place without
centralized control. Routing is a very crucial issue, so to deal with this routing algorithms must deliver
the packet in significant delay. There are different protocols for handling the mobile environment like
AODV, DSR and OLSR. But this paper will focus on performance of AODV and OLSR routing protocols.
The performance of these protocols is analyzed on two metrics: time and throughput
Anartificial Neural Network for Prediction of Seismic Behavior in RC Building...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
A Review of Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor NetworkIJMER
A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists of processing capability, may contain multiple types of memory, have a RF transceiver, have a power source, and accommodate various sensors and actuators. The nodes
communicate wirelessly and often self-organize after being deployed in an ad hoc fashion. Routing protocols for wireless sensor networks are responsible for maintaining the routes in the network and have to ensure reliable multi-hop communication .The performance of the network is
greatly influenced by the routing techniques. Routing is to find out the path to route the sensed data to the base station. In this paper the features of WSNs are introduced and routing protocols are reviewed for Wireless Sensor Network
BALL BEARING ANALYSIS OF FAULT SIMULATION USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD - A REV...ijiert bestjournal
Effectiveness of transient analysis of the finite dement bearing model to simulate the vibration signal emanating from ball bearing with faults is presented in this work. It is difficult to identify the ball bearing defect either in frequency spectrum or time domain when the defect is at incipient stage. Further,it is difficult to experimentally obtain vibration signals from bearing having fault at incipient stage. Thus,need for accurate simulation of ball bearing fault at incipient stage is considered essential. A Computer Aided Design (CAD) model of a ball bearing having a mi nor crack in outer - race was created using commercially available software. It was shown that iden tification of ball bearing defect in frequency spectrum is difficult. The results were validated with experimental results.
An investigation and rectification on failure of bearings of casting shakeout...eSAT Journals
Abstract This project deals with investigation and rectification on failure of bearing of casting shakeout, required in foundry industries to separate solidified casting and sand from mould box. The failure of bearings is mainly due to brinelling tends to create cavities on the bearing raceway. This result in roller and inner races surface of spherical bearing get damage. The rectification of existing system uses four bearings as modified setup of existing system to distribute the load acting on shakeout aims at reducing this frequent breakdown, increases life of bearings and increases the productivity of plant. The software Pro-E wildfire 4 is used for modeling. Keywords: Brinelling, Casting shakeout, Spherical Roller bearing, and Bearing life
SELF-ALIGNED BEARING FAULT DETECTION USING VIBRATION SIGNALS ANALYZED BY SPEC...Journal For Research
Over the past decades there have been many major advances in the development of fault diagnosis of deep grove ball bearing and roller bearing had taken placed. in this paper an effort is made to study the performance of Self aligned ball bearings. Self-aligned ball bearings are widely used in industry from home appliances to aerospace industry. Proper functioning of these machine elements is extremely important in order to prevent catastrophic damages. It is therefore, important to monitor the condition of the bearings and to know the severity of the defects before they cause serious catastrophic damages. Hence, the study of vibrations generated by these defects plays an important role in quality inspection as well as for condition monitoring of the self-aligned ball bearing/machine element. This paper describes the vibration analysis technique to detect the defects in the self-aligned ball bearing. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) detected the frequencies of damage present during the vibration analysis of a ball bearing. This faults and their related frequency is simulated with MATLAB software.
Weld Improvement Example in Offshore Oil & GasImran Choudury
Weld improvement examples in offshore oil and gas platforms. Professional training courses in the energy industry, Methods to manage corrosion and crack growth. Where to perform grinding by a burr grinder?
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
Bearing Life Improvement of Centrifugal Blowers by Vibration Analysis
1. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4026-4029 ISSN: 2249-6645
Bearing Life Improvement of Centrifugal Blowers by Vibration Analysis
B. A. Kardile,
Associate Member, IEI,
Abstract: This study work is proposed to carry out II. BLOWER STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
vibration analysis of heavy duty centrifugal Blowers & Machine vibration has several categories of
bearing failure analysis. The life of bearing can be causes that we have discovered after so many repairs, but
improved by carrying corrective actions on blower & it is useful now to review them to gain more confidence in
modifying its accessories like Plumber block to prevent the diagnosis. The actual structure of blower shown in Fig
bearing failure. The proposed work is planned in following 1.
phases Preparation of measuring instrument for data The Major categories of diagnoses are –
collection (PRUFTECK VIBROEXPERT METER) • Design defects
Collection of data from various locations on blower • Manufacturing defects
surfaces in different directions. Data analysis is done on • Operational stresses
the basis of spectral plot, amplitude against frequencies • Maintenance actions
with the help of prufteck vibroexpert meter. In comparison • Aging
of vibration spectral with experimental actions are carried Design defects are mostly structural related with
out under the vibration severity standard, the chart results active resonances built-in because of improper sizing and
of rectification will be compared with spectral plot & proportioning of the parts statically, the structure seems
corrective action. The results will be compared with initial good, but it remains dynamically weak. This is not
condition & condition monitoring schedule is prepared for discovered until the machine is energized and brought up
avoiding premature failure of equipment. to the required speed. This is more common than it should
Standard schedule for maintaining basic condition of be, but the designers are not well equipped to predict or
variables of equipment like as CBM /TBM will be planned test for natural frequencies. In addition, the owners’
to avoid premature failure of the bearing. foundation or base has a significant effect on natural
frequencies, which the designer has little control over.
Index Terms: Blower Vibration Data Collection, Hence, resonances are best detected during startup testing
Spectral plot analysis, analysis of bearing structure, and corrected on-site with strategic stiffeners added.
Corrective actions on equipment,, Comparison of results Manufacturing defects are built-in during the casting,
& Standardize the method machining, heat-treating, and assembly processes. They
are latent defects that may show up in the first 24-hours of
I. INTRODUCTION running, or they may not be obvious during the run-in
The Report Contents period, appearing years later. The machine does not
1] Blower readings with Vibro-meter survive to a normal life expectancy as vibration may or
2] Blower problem Diagnosis may not be present.
3] Bearing & Plumber block analysis An example is residual stresses in a shaft that
4] Bearing failure analysis gradually distorts the shaft over a period of years.
5] Bearing with Wavy leaf spring analysis Manufacturing defects are difficult to control, impossible
Scope: This Report contains fault diagnosis with the to predict, and elusive to fix. The best strategy to deal with
analysis and recommendations for corrective actions. both design defects and manufacturing defects is to insist
These all are supported by spectrum plots for each point of on start up vibration testing with limits of acceptability in
the equipment identified as being deviated. A color coding accordance.
system is employed, as per ISO standard which make it Here in Table1 we have tabulated velocity &
easy to understand the criticality of the fault and how shock pulse readings on plumber block at drive end & non
quickly it needs to be investigated & rectified. drive end in axial, horizontal & vertical direction at
Measurement: An overall vibration reading of threshold .The Colour coding is used to classify vibration
displacement & velocity are measured in micron & severity as per ISO 10816, as good, satisfactory,
mm/sec respectively, A RMS values are used to determine unsatisfactory & unacceptable from green to red mark
general mechanical and electrical fault within rotating indicates alarming zone. This experiment conducted on
machinery. 110 Kw capacity blowers with Prufteck Vibroexpert
Equipment Used: PRUFTECHNIK VIBXPERT DUAL Meter.
CHANNEL ANALYZER Table1.Velocity & shock pulse reading with alarm code
Fig-1.Structure of Centrifugal Blower
www.ijmer.com 4026 | Page
2. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4026-4029 ISSN: 2249-6645
The analysis of the data indicates that the • Bearing replacement
excessive operational stresses on blower are developed due • Identifying other bad parts and replacing them
to material buildup or erosion, which changes the balance • Mass balancing
condition, or thermal expansion that changes component • Alignment
alignment. Both of these cause high dynamic loads at the • Lubrication is just greasing noisy bearings to
bearings which lead to accelerated wear out. These defects Quiet them, but changing the lubrication schedule
are easily detected with periodic vibration measurements Extent their lives
and there are well established methods to correct them on • Structural stiffening to raise natural frequencies.
site. Our maintenance actions, or interactions, are the most • Mass loading and stiffening reduces any
common cause of blower failure. It is well known in the Measured vibration
repair business that a blower machine never goes back If blower has lower motion, it may increase local stresses
together the same way. Some of this is due to rough at the bearings resulting in faster bearing wear. This is to
handling, but some is simply the fact that field repair is be used only as a last resort when nothing else works and
less controlled than the original factory build. The field measured motion must be lowered.
environment is darker, dirtier, and less precise tooling is
available to control fits and alignments. The repair is The Fig-2 gives the velocity (mm/sec) trend of 110kw
usually rushed by management. It is surprisingly difficult blower from Dec-2007 to June-2012 with alarming zone
to install a bearing into aluminium housing in the field and
not get it crooked. The first question to ask in vibration Vibration Monitoring Trend-
ABS Line : Top Coat Booth Exhaust Blower
analysis is “What recent maintenance activity has occurred Vibration Trend
on this machine?” other maintenance activities that affect
MM/sec Bearings & Plummer
block changed in
20
December Shut-down
18
on blower vibration are- 16
14
Replace
• Excessive localized heating, like welding on a shaft
12
10 7.8 8
7.6 7.6 Warning
8 6.5
• Too high belt tension 6 4.5
3.2 3.4 3.5 3.8
3.1 Good
4
2
• Shaft, or bearing, misalignment 0
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• Substandard replacement parts
Q
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• Coupling, or other component, binding Fig-2.Vibration monitoring trend for exhaust blower
• Lack of lubrication 110 Kw capacities
• Loose hardware
• Replacing hardware with different weights that Finally, a few blowers are still generating
Affects on balance excessive vibration, the cause has not been discovered nor
• Re-assembling hardware in different orientations corrected, and they have not shaken themselves apart yet.
(also affect on balance ) Some blowers are just rough characters and it is neither
• Hammering on a bearing necessary nor desirable to retrain them. As long as the
• Unclean, or burred, precision machine surfaces vibration amplitude remains stable, it is safe to continue to
Aging effects are only be detected with long term operate at elevated levels, thus avoiding repair cost and
vibration monitoring. The two dominant aging effects are downtime. Regular vibration monitoring has allowed
residual stress relaxation and softening of structural joints. machines to operate longer into the wear out cycle without
The residual stresses left behind in machine components fear of failure.
are always relieve themselves over time. This process is
accelerated at higher temperature of shaft, being long and IV. FFT SPECTRUM
slender component, are particularly vulnerable to bowing. The prufteck vibroexpert meter is the simplest,
The symptoms are an increase in 1x RPM balance and least expensive, is an overall meter. It provides not
condition and beating up of the bearings. Bearing only frequency information, but also overall amplitudes for
replacements do not restore the original smooth running the analysis of data. It is useful for trending or comparison
condition, and mass balancing is unsuccessful, until the measurements on similar machines, but for diagnosing
shaft is replaced. problems on machines, it is best left turned off. The other
All joints soften over time, and joints are the two major vibration instruments are tuneable filters and
weak links in any structure. These are the prominent FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analyzers. Analyzer is a
symptom of lowering of the natural frequencies of the misnomer because analysis is a human function. An
machine. This has usually first detected with high electronic “analyzer” does not analyze. It only measures
vibration when the lowest natural frequency drops down and display electrical signals. The electrical signals from
into the operating speed range of the machine. accelerometers and velocity transducers are very small AC
voltages, typically millivolts. Hence, the tuneable filters
III. BALANCING & ALIGNING METHOD and FFT instruments are nothing more than fancy AC
This is well known that blower vibration related voltmeters with a frequency display axis. Any of these two
problems are corrected in place. The corrective methods major vibration measuring instruments, from any
are well experienced undergoing the trouble shooting of manufacturer, can be used effectively to diagnose machine
the blower problem in depth. These are listed here to close vibrations. No specific instrument or manufacturer has a
this discussion. unique connection to a higher intelligence. As it’s FFT
• Disassembly, visual inspection, cleaning, and re- spectrum is shown in Fig-3
assembly fix some elusive problems without
knowing
www.ijmer.com 4027 | Page
3. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4026-4029 ISSN: 2249-6645
4] Bearing life in Revolutions
L= (C/W) ^ (10/3) X 10^6
C= Basic Load Carrying Capacity
C= W (L/100)
L= 60 X N X LH, Where LH in Hours
W= Equivalent Dynamic Load
L= Life in Revolutions
5] Heat calculation
Fig- 3.FFT Spectrum for blower vibration a) Heat generated due to friction
Qg= µ.W.V Watt
However, some are an order of magnitude or two µ= Coefficient of friction
more complicated to use by design. The instrument in use W= Load on bearing in N=P x A
is the least significant factor in diagnosis. The instrument V= Speed of journal in RPM
operator and the methods employed are the most b) Heat dissipated.
significant. Qd= C.A (Tb-Ta) in Watt
The fundamental method of using a vibration C= Heat dissipation coefficient
instrument is to conduct a survey of the entire blower A= Projected area of bearing in m2
system; driver, driven, and any intermediary machines Tb= Temperature of bearing surface °C
such as gearboxes & pulleys of belt drive. Ta= Temperature of surrounding air °C
Tb-Ta=1/2(To-Ta)
c) Heat conveyed by the oil
Qt=M.S.T in Watt
M= Mass of oil
S= Specific heat of oil 1840-2100 J/kg°c
T=Temperature difference between outlet & inlet
6] Grease quantity inside bearing
Gg= 0.005 X D X B
Fig- 4.Frequency verses time graph for exhaust
Gg=Gram of grease
Blower 110 Kw capacity
D=Bearing dia in mm
B= Bearing width
The spectrum shown in Fig-4 implies that the
7] Coefficient of friction for bearing is expressed as
displacement varies with outer race wear in Axial, vertical,
µ=Ǿ [ZN/P, d /c, l/d
horizontal direction as rotor moves under centrifugal
µ=33/10^8[ZN/P][d/c]+k
forces. Which lifts the shaft from impeller side causes
µ= Coefficient of friction
reducing amplitude the displacement for non drive end to
Ǿ=Functional relationship
drive end.
Z=Absolute viscosity of lubricant in kg/m-s
The velocity of vibration depends upon the shaft
N=Speed of journal in RPM
speed, type of bearing, type of drive supporting distance of
P=Bearing pressure=load/area
the shaft within the bearing & cantilever of the shaft along
d=Diameter of journal
with the pulley end. The bearing condition can be detected
l=Length of bearing
by vibrating parameters trend and the life of bearing can be
c=Diameteral clearance
increased by taking corrective action to prevent extreme
k=Factor of correction for end leakage
condition of the equipment. The bearing & shaft assembly
ZN/P=Bearing characteristic number, dimensionless
is shown in Fig-5
number, helps to predict bearing performance called
Bearing modulus
V. BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS
The dampening of the bearing inside the plumber
block can be absorbed by providing Wavy leaf spring of
adequate stiffness which can prevent the transmission of
vibrating wave from inner race to outer race through roller
by sharing the load as shown in Fig-6. Which minimize the
Fig- 5. Bearing assembly & Bearing load of exhaust shock impulse influence directly on bearing & plumber
Blower block cause the life improvement for certain hour.
A step change in amplitude is symptomatic of an
4. MATHS & EQUATIONS unstable bearing. Examination of the bearings and their
1] Ball Pass Frequency for the outer race supports is in order as soon as practical. A drop in
=No of Roller x Shaft Speed x 0.4 frequency is bad news. It indicates structural softening
2] Ball Pass Frequency for the inner race such as cracks or joint loosening. Slow changes in
=No of rollers x Shaft Speed x 0.6 amplitude from cold to hot running conditions are related
3] Ball pass frequency train race to alignment of the shafts.
= Shaft Speed X 0.3
www.ijmer.com 4028 | Page
4. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER)
www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.6, Nov-Dec. 2012 pp-4026-4029 ISSN: 2249-6645
6] Total hours of working
7] Lubrication standard & frequency
8] Condition of bearing & lubricant after removal
Fig- 6.Bearing with Roller condition & wavy leaf spring VI. CONCLUSION
The vibration analysis of the heavy duty centrifugal
A fourth judgement criterion is operational blower gives the results as
condition. The load level has a dramatic effect on vibration The bearing life the rotating parts depends upon
levels, especially electrical machines such as generators. It 1] The bearing characteristic number, ZN/P
is usually assumed in analysis that the machine has no 2] Running condition-Temperature & RPM under
operational problem. Which the machine runs
The taper roller bearings are used for heavy duty 3] Bearing load condition as static & dynamic load
centrifugal blower mounted with on sleeve with lock nut & Carrying capacity
washer inside plumber block. Taper roller bearings are 4] Clearance between roller & outer race
designed for carrying radial load. This bearing are 5] Heat dissipation capacity of the plumber block &
specified with 5 digit number as 32224 K C3,32226 K C3 Other accessories
,K suffix is attached for taper roller bearing only & C3 is 6] Lubrication frequency & standard of lubricant
attached for bearing clearance, as bearing clearance varies Generally the vibration parameters as displacement &
from C1 to C5 for high temperature & high RPM. Material velocity are depends upon the bearing wear of outer race
used for taper roller bearing are babbit metal, branze, cast because of roller hits on surface of the race at high
iron & silver. temperature
Bearing clearance is provided for the purpose of
adjust thermal expansion, deflection of rollers & provide VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
film thickness in lubrication. This clearance is kept 90 to The author would like to thanks the Institution of
120 µm before mounting & expected to reduce by Engineers (India) for permission to publish the paper. The
30 % in assembly, if it increases than this the bearing is to author gratefully thanks to Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune to provide
be replaced. platform for the experiment & Dr.D.Y.Patil College of
Engineering, Pune for inspiring the subject choosen.
REFERENCES
[1] Analysis Guide for Machine Designers, journals
of white paper,
Fig-7.Assembly of taper roller bearing on shaft sleeve 2008.
With lock nut [2] Analytical Diagnostic Approach & Innovative
Impeller Design
The bearing manufacturers are SKF, NTP, FAG By Bruno Schiavello & Gian Carlo cicatalli,
& KEYDON. The duplicity in the bearing are easily 2006.
identified by its finishing standard & clearance value. The [3] Vibration Transmission through Rolling Element-
clearance is measured with filler gauge & dial gauge, if by T.C Lim &
measured closer to the bearing assembly with dial gauge. R.Sing 1990, 139(2)
Bearing assembly with shaft sleeve & lock nut is shown in [4] Rolling Bearing Analysis by T.A.Harris, New
Fig-7 York: John wiley,
The taper roller bearings for heavy duty blowers 1966.
are fitted by heating the oil upto120°C with induction coil [5] Study of Vibration Characteristic of Bearing, by
or flame. Lubrication life of this bearing is depend on load, O. Gustafson,
RPM, bearing ID/OD, Width,& bearing mounting method SKF Report, AL62 L005, 1962.
is expressed in equation 6. [6] Standards for Vibration Monitoring & Analysis
These sliding contact bearing should have following by J.Michael,
properties Robichaud, P.Eng.2005.
1] Compressive & fatigue strength [7] Maedel, Jr, P. Vibration Standards and Test
2] Confirmability Codes, Shock and
3] Embeddability Vibration Handbook 5th Edition (Cyril Harris,
4] Bondability editor), McGraw Hill Publishing Co.
5] Corrosion resistance (2001)
6] Higher thermal conductivity & lower expansion
The bearing failure analysis requires following information BIOGRAPHIES
as Mr.Balasaheb a Kardile AMIE (Mech, ST-438760-6), ME
1] Date of mounting & type of bearing (Design), Engineer, Bajaj Auto Ltd, Pune, A 2/3 wheeler
2] Load type, temperature & RPM Mfg Group.
3] M/c & bearing surrounding
4] M/c precision/accuracy
5] Frequency of failure
www.ijmer.com 4029 | Page