Indian agriculture depends on factors like climate, landforms, soil types, and water availability. The main types of agriculture practiced in India are primitive, subsistence, commercial, and plantation. Cropping patterns include mono, dual, multiple, and mixed cropping. Major crops are classified as food crops (rice, wheat, millets, pulses), cash crops (sugarcane, cotton, jute, oilseeds, tobacco), and plantation crops (tea, coffee, rubber, spices). Leading states are identified for the production of these crops. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) coordinates agriculture in India.

1. Indian agriculture

2. Introduction
 Agriculture is backbone of indian
economy.
 Example.Automobile industry depends
on agri.

3. Factors of agriculture
 Climate
ex.wheat –punjab – medium temperature
rice –tamilnadu –higher temperature
 Land form
Plains are more suitable for agriculture
.because there is more alluvial soil
Ex.plains of ganga and cauvery

4.  Soil types
Inspite of the growth in technology , soil still continues to be one of the most
important factor in deciding the crops.
Ex.alluvial soil-rice /sugarcane
black soil –cotton
• Water
india – monsoon country – uneven distribution of rain fall
/irrigation
crops –abudant water – grown in high rain fall /high
irrigation.
meet food require ment of growing population -areas of low
rainfall –dry crops are grown.

5. Types of agriculture
○ Primitive agriculture
○ Subsistence agriculture
○ Commerical agriculture
○ Plantation agriculture

6. Primitive agriculture
 Forest –more rainfall –clean – crops
raised for two or three years
 This agriculture is known by different
names at different places such as
 JHUM in assam
 PODU in orissa and andhra
 Mashan in madhya pradesh
 Ponam in kerala

7. Subsistence agriculture
 ½ production –family consumption
 ½ producion –sold market
 Farming done in north ganga plain –south cauvery
–godhavari –mahanadhi plains
 Major crops –wheat and rice
 Also known as intensive agriculture
 Praticised in alluvial soil

8. Commerical agriculture
 Great demands crops
 Crops are cultivate on a lager scale –
export to other countries –earn foreign
exchange
 Also known as extensive agriculture
 Practiced in gujarat ,punjab
,harayana,maharashtra and tamilnadu

9. Plantation agriculture
 Single crop – large area
 Area owned by industry
 Agri mainly for industries
 Tea ,coffee & rubber are plantation
crops .
 Crops are grown on the hilly areas of
north eastern states of india especially
west bengal.

10. Cropping pattern
 Mono cropping –one crop /year –tea
,coffee,sugarcane
 Dual cropping –two crop /year /different period-
wheat with mustard
 Multiple cropping-more crop /year/different
period/bajra/groundnut
 Mixed cropping –more crop /same time /different
harvesting period

11. Cropping season in india
Name Sowing period Harvest period major crops
Kharif June (beginning
of monsoon)
Early days of
november
Paddy ,maize
,cotton,millet
,jute ,sugarcane
rabi November(begin
ning of winter)
March
(beginning of
summer)
Wheat
,tobacco,mustar
d ,pulses,
linseed ,grains
Zaid March
(beginning of
summer)
June (beginning
of monsoon)
Fruits
,vegetables
,watermelon,
cucumber

12. ICAR
 THE Indian Council of Agricultural
Research (ICAR) is an autonomous
body responsible for co-ordinating
agricultural education and research
in India.(1929)
 It reports to the Department of
Agricultural Research and Education,
Ministry of Agriculture.
 The Union Minister of Agriculture
serves as its president

13.  It changed the indian peoples
(demanding food to excess)
 Indian Council of Agricultural Research's
headquarters is in New Delhi.
 PRESIDENT IS Radha Mohan Singh

14. revolution depends on agri
.
 Pasumai purachi-agri. production
 Venmai purachi-milk products
 Sambal purachi-egg and poultry farm
 Pon purachi-fruits production
 Manjal purachi-oil seeds
 Neela purachi-sea products

15. Indian crops
1.food crops
2.Cash crops
3.Plantation crops
4.horticulture

16. Food crops
 1.rice
 2.wheat
 3.millets (thinai vaigaigal)
 4.pulses(parupu vaigaigal)

17. Rice
 Important crop
 India second place
 World –india +china -90%production
 Punjab +harayana- rainfall low –so usage of irrigation
 Leading rice production country in the states-west
bengal,punjab,u.p,andhra pradesh,& tamilnadu
 Tamilnadu –ner kalangiyam – tanjore

18. Rice production map

19. wheat
 Practisied in winter and spring season
 Major wheat growing states - u.p, punjab
,madhyapradesh,harayana,rajasthan,bih
ar,gujarat,
 Due to green revolution punjab and
harayana increased their production.

20. Wheat production map

21. Millets status map

22. pulses
 Madhya pradesh –highest –pulses
production
 Drought time pulses can grow
 Major states –
m.p,rajasthan,harayana,punjab,maharas
tra,gujarat,a.p,and tamilnadu

23. Pulses

24. Cash crops
 1.sugarcane
 2.cotton
 3.jute
 4.oilseed
 5.tobacco

25. sugarcane
 Birth place india
 Hot region crop
 Next to brazil india is the highest
producer of sugarcane
 U.p –highest

26. Sugarcane status map

27. cotton
 India -4th place in world
 Alluvial soil needed for cotton production
 High and medium temperature season it
will fast
 Major leading states-
gujarat,maharastra,a.p,karnataka,tamiln
adu,m.p,punjab,harayana

28. Cotton &Jute status map

29. oil seed
 other than Olive oil seed all seeds are
produced in india .
 Oil seeds are ground nut,sunflower oil
seed,coconut oil seed,soyabeans
,mustard ,

30. Oilseed(ground nut)

31. Plantation crops
 Tea
 Coffee
 Rubber
 Spices
 Ginger

32. tea
 It is cultivated between 3000 to 4000
altitude mountains,
 Major leading states –assam,west
bengal,kerala,tamilnadu
 Highest producer of state -assam

33. Tea

34. coffee
 Karnataka –leading state in coffee
 60% coffee seeds produced in
karnataka
 World peoples are thinking that coffee
related to india is quality related.

35. coffee

36. coconut

37. Chilli ,garlic and ginger

38. horticulture
 Apple
 Mango
 Banana

39. apple
 major Apple producing states in
India like
 Jammu and Kashmir,
 Uttarakhand,
 Himachal and Arunachal Pradesh

40. apple

41. mango
 Uttar Pradesh tops the list of mango
producing states

42. mango

43. banana