This document provides an overview of agriculture in Japan. It discusses the country's climate and economy, then focuses on different aspects of Japanese agriculture including crops, rice farming, livestock, problems facing farmers, and trends over time. The main crops grown are rice, vegetables, and fruit. Rice farming remains very important and has become more mechanized and productive. However, small family farms struggle with high costs and competition. Over the decades, fewer young people have entered farming as an occupation.

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Seminar on
By
HEMANTH KUMAR NB
AEK 708

3. 33
ContentsContents
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Agriculture economy of JapanAgriculture economy of Japan
 Agriculture in JapanAgriculture in Japan
 Crops in JapanCrops in Japan
 Rice farming in JapanRice farming in Japan
 Live stocks in JapanLive stocks in Japan
 ConclusionConclusion

4. 44
IntroductionIntroduction
 JapanJapan is ais a chain ofchain of
islandsislands in the Pacificin the Pacific
Ocean.Ocean.
 PopulationPopulation: 125 million: 125 million
 Geographic sizeGeographic size::
145,840 sq.miles145,840 sq.miles
 CapitalCapital: Tokyo: Tokyo

5. 55
Climate:Climate:
 Japanese summers are hot and humid.Japanese summers are hot and humid.
 Japanese winters are mild.Japanese winters are mild.
 The rainy season is June and July, and typhoonThe rainy season is June and July, and typhoon
season is in Septemberseason is in September

6. 66
EconomyEconomy
Japan is a major economic power, it has theJapan is a major economic power, it has the
world’sworld’s
second-largest economysecond-largest economy
by nominal GDP,by nominal GDP,
third largest in purchasing power paritythird largest in purchasing power parity,,
fourth largest exporterfourth largest exporter
andand
fifth largest importerfifth largest importer

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Agriculture economy of JapanAgriculture economy of Japan
(1000 ha)(1000 ha) Proportion(%)Proportion(%)
Total areaTotal area 37,79037,790 100100
Agricultural areaAgricultural area 5,1645,164 13.713.7
Arable landArable land 4,3974,397 11.611.6
Permanent cropsPermanent crops 339339 0.80.8
Permanent pasturePermanent pasture 428428 1.11.1
Billion rupeeBillion rupee (%)(%)
GDPGDP 2,44,8762,44,876
agricultureagriculture 16971697 1.61.6
(DATA SOURCE MAFF)
(DATA SOURCE:
FAOSTAT)

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Agriculture in JapanAgriculture in Japan
 Arable land :11%(4,397 thousand ha)Arable land :11%(4,397 thousand ha)
 Two main type of agricultural fields:Two main type of agricultural fields:
-irrigated rice fields --irrigated rice fields -TamboTambo oror suidensuiden
-non irrigated vegetable fields--non irrigated vegetable fields-HatakeHatake

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conti,,conti,,
 After world war ll -land took by powerfulAfter world war ll -land took by powerful
landownerslandowners and distribute it toand distribute it to ordinary farmersordinary farmers..
 Waste fishesWaste fishes traditionally used to fertilize ricetraditionally used to fertilize rice
fieldsfields
 Improved fertilizer and mechanizationImproved fertilizer and mechanization tripledtripled
Japan's rice productionJapan's rice production (1947 -1967)(1947 -1967)

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conti,,conti,,
 Food items that Japanese produces inFood items that Japanese produces in
sufficient quantities aresufficient quantities are
-- rice, eggs, onionsrice, eggs, onions andand cucumberscucumbers..
 Self-sufficiency ration dropped fromSelf-sufficiency ration dropped from
78% in 1961 to78% in 1961 to
39% in 200639% in 2006

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Problems faced by farmers in JapanProblems faced by farmers in Japan
 A old farmer told to new York times IN 1990s,A old farmer told to new York times IN 1990s,
““Japanese agriculture has no money,Japanese agriculture has no money,
no youth, no futureno youth, no future.”.”

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conti,,conti,,
 Limits on productionLimits on production
 High cost of mechanized farmingHigh cost of mechanized farming
 Farmers faceFarmers face droughtdrought andand typhoonstyphoons in summerin summer
 Damage byDamage by birds(40%)birds(40%) andand mammals(60%)mammals(60%)
 In late 2000s shortage of pollinating beesIn late 2000s shortage of pollinating bees
causedcaused
nets protect fields from birds

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Small Farms in JapanSmall Farms in Japan
 Most forms in Japan are small and family ownedMost forms in Japan are small and family owned
operated by each familyoperated by each family
 Average size of a farm -Average size of a farm -1.6 ha1.6 ha (4 acred)(4 acred)
 Small farms are muchSmall farms are much less efficientless efficient than large onesthan large ones

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Conti,,Conti,,
 Japanese farms areJapanese farms are broken upbroken up andand divideddivided byby
terracesterraces,, ditchesditches andand embankmentsembankments..
 Agriculture has becomeAgriculture has become urbanizedurbanized in Japanin Japan

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Eco-Farms in JapanEco-Farms in Japan
 At Japanese eco-farms fruitAt Japanese eco-farms fruit
trees -trees - produce fruitproduce fruit and serve asand serve as wind breakswind breaks
 Agricultural areas are filled with pondsAgricultural areas are filled with ponds
 Use of theUse of the Tadpole ShrimpTadpole Shrimp
(Triops SPP.) As a Biological(Triops SPP.) As a Biological
Agent to Control Paddy WeedsAgent to Control Paddy Weeds

16. 1616
High-Tech Agriculture in JapanHigh-Tech Agriculture in Japan
 They are ahead inThey are ahead in biotechnologybiotechnology, they grow, they grow
their rice with amazing varietytheir rice with amazing variety
 Tomato plant that bears 10,000 tomatoes withTomato plant that bears 10,000 tomatoes with
rotating-lens systemrotating-lens system
 One tomato plant at the Tsukuba Science ExpoOne tomato plant at the Tsukuba Science Expo
in Japan produced ‘in Japan produced ‘
--16,897 individual tomatoes16,897 individual tomatoes..

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Conti,,Conti,,
 The modernization of rice paddy agricultureThe modernization of rice paddy agriculture
includesincludes
- consolidating small fields into large ones- consolidating small fields into large ones
- replacing open canals with underground- replacing open canals with underground
drainage pipesdrainage pipes
Japan has been producing theJapan has been producing the
squar watermelonssquar watermelons since the 1980ssince the 1980s

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Agriculture robotAgriculture robot
Agriculture robot by Shigeki Toyama
agriculture robot from Tokyo
University of Agriculture and
Technology

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Vegetable Factories in JapanVegetable Factories in Japan

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Vegetable Factories in JapanVegetable Factories in Japan
 in 2005, there werein 2005, there were
-16-16 artificial light-only facilities-730artificial light-only facilities-730 tons oftons of
vegetables on 10,978 m2vegetables on 10,978 m2
-- natural-and-artificial-light facilitiesnatural-and-artificial-light facilities, -900 tons, -900 tons
 of vegetables on 26,957 m2of vegetables on 26,957 m2
 LettuceLettuce is the most widely-grownis the most widely-grown
factory vegetablefactory vegetable

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Japanese FarmersJapanese Farmers
 AboutAbout 5.2 %5.2 % of Japan's labor forceof Japan's labor force
is in agricultureis in agriculture
 Number of farmersNumber of farmers
1960 -12.2 million1960 -12.2 million
2004 -2.2 million2004 -2.2 million
 Farmers have been hurt by imports and loss ofFarmers have been hurt by imports and loss of
subsidies.subsidies.

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Conti,,Conti,,
 One farmer who manages one hectare of land (2.5One farmer who manages one hectare of land (2.5
acres) told National Geographicacres) told National Geographic
""I'd need 10 to 20 hectares nowadays toI'd need 10 to 20 hectares nowadays to
live welllive well.”.”

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Part Time Japanese FarmersPart Time Japanese Farmers
 Most farmers areMost farmers are part-timerspart-timers with two or three acreswith two or three acres
who and another job.who and another job.
 The part time farmer trend In the 1960s, farmers oftenThe part time farmer trend In the 1960s, farmers often
left their families in the winter to work atleft their families in the winter to work at higherhigher
payingpaying jobs in the citiesjobs in the cities

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Old Man Farmers inOld Man Farmers in
JapanJapan
 The average age of the Japanese farmer is now overThe average age of the Japanese farmer is now over
60 years60 years..
 Many farms are tended by elderly couples whoMany farms are tended by elderly couples who
receive some assistance from the children who live inreceive some assistance from the children who live in
the citiesthe cities

25. 2525
Exported and Imported Food in JapanExported and Imported Food in Japan

JapanJapan exportedexported 205 billion rupees205 billion rupees worth of agriculturalworth of agricultural
products in 2006products in 2006
-75% went to Asian countries-75% went to Asian countries
- 21% went to the United States.- 21% went to the United States.
 Japan is the world'sJapan is the world's largest net importerlargest net importer ofof
agricultural productsagricultural products andand foodfood
 Japan relies on imports for 60 percent of its food onJapan relies on imports for 60 percent of its food on
aa caloric basiscaloric basis

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United states

27. 2727
World Food Markets and AgriculturalWorld Food Markets and Agricultural
Investments inInvestments in
JapanJapan
 Japan ranksJapan ranks 128th out of 175 nations128th out of 175 nations in grainin grain
self sufficiencyself sufficiency
 It is theIt is the least self-sufficientleast self-sufficient in terms of foodin terms of food
productionproduction
 It is facingIt is facing increased competitionincreased competition,,
especially from Chinaespecially from China

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CROPS IN JAPANCROPS IN JAPAN
 Major cropsMajor crops::
rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruitrice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit..
 Much of Japan vegetables can be grown yearMuch of Japan vegetables can be grown year
round.round.
 Well grown vegetables in winterWell grown vegetables in winter ::
potatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage, taro, carrots, and apotatoes, sweet potatoes, cabbage, taro, carrots, and a
variety of turnips and radishes.variety of turnips and radishes.

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Conti,,Conti,,
 To preventTo prevent overproductionoverproduction and keepand keep prices atprices at
reasonably highreasonably high levelslevels
- vegetables are often destroyed- vegetables are often destroyed
- Tractors crush the crop while it still in field- Tractors crush the crop while it still in field
 Tendo in Yamagata prefecture is famous forTendo in Yamagata prefecture is famous for
cherriescherries
 A farmer in Toyama grewA farmer in Toyama grew
a pumpkin weighinga pumpkin weighing
530.9 kg530.9 kg in 2008in 2008

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DaikonDaikon ::
 Large white carrot-shaped radishes, calledLarge white carrot-shaped radishes, called daikondaikon
Tea in JapanTea in Japan ::
 Japan is a major teaJapan is a major tea
producerproducer
tea in Kagoshima Prefecture
Conti,,

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RICE FARMING INRICE FARMING IN
JAPANJAPAN
 Rice is the main crop inRice is the main crop in
Japan, cultivated for moreJapan, cultivated for more
than 3,000 years inthan 3,000 years in
 The hills and mountains are covered byThe hills and mountains are covered by ricerice
terraces.terraces.
 HokkaidoHokkaido is Japan’s leading producer of rice.is Japan’s leading producer of rice.

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Early Rice Farming inEarly Rice Farming in
JapanJapan
 Wet land rice farming techniques beginning onWet land rice farming techniques beginning on
the Yayoi period (400 B.C.-A.D. 300)the Yayoi period (400 B.C.-A.D. 300)
 Early 2000s, wetland rice were found in potteryEarly 2000s, wetland rice were found in pottery
fromfrom northern Kyushunorthern Kyushu dated to 1000 B.C.dated to 1000 B.C.
 Japanese introduced superiorJapanese introduced superior
rice varieties to the U S(1920s),rice varieties to the U S(1920s),
 85 % of the rice in California85 % of the rice in California
was ofwas of Japanese originJapanese origin
planting rice in the
19th century
threshing rice in
the 19th century

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Rice as FoodRice as Food
 Rice seeds, or grains, areRice seeds, or grains, are 80 % starch80 % starch..
 The texture of rice -component in the starchThe texture of rice -component in the starch
called amylose.called amylose.
- low amylose (10 to 18%) --- low amylose (10 to 18%) -- rice is softrice is soft andand
slightly sticky.slightly sticky.
- If it is high (25 to 30%) --- If it is high (25 to 30%) -- rice is harderrice is harder andand
fluffy.fluffy.
 Chinese, Koreans andChinese, Koreans and Japanese -- sticky sideJapanese -- sticky side..
 People inPeople in IndiaIndia, Bangladesh and Pakistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan --fluffy--fluffy

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Rice Production in JapanRice Production in Japan
 Most rice farming is done by “Most rice farming is done by “Sunday farmersSunday farmers””
 Annual rice consumption per capitaAnnual rice consumption per capita
67.3 kg in 199667.3 kg in 1996
61.4 kg in 2005.61.4 kg in 2005.
Japan to boost rice production

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Rice Farming in JapanRice Farming in Japan
 TheThe transplantingtransplanting is done with machinesis done with machines
 Time-consumingTime-consuming task is planting seeds to produce thetask is planting seeds to produce the
seedlingsseedlings
 Rice seedlings areRice seedlings are
grown ingrown in separateseparate
bedsbeds

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 Mechanized Rice PlantingMechanized Rice Planting

Harvesting riceHarvesting rice

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Modern Rice PaddiesModern Rice Paddies
in Japanin Japan
 Traditional paddies wereTraditional paddies were small, irregularlysmall, irregularly
shapesshapes and filled with soft, deep mudand filled with soft, deep mud
 Moderns rice paddies areModerns rice paddies are larger, firmer, rectangular in shapelarger, firmer, rectangular in shape
and completely dry in the winterand completely dry in the winter
 Many paddies in Japan haveMany paddies in Japan have underground drainage systemsunderground drainage systems
andand Concrete irrigation ditchesConcrete irrigation ditches

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satoyama

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Import Restrictions and SubsidizedImport Restrictions and Subsidized
Rice in JapanRice in Japan
 Most of the rice eaten in Japan is Japanese riceMost of the rice eaten in Japan is Japanese rice
 One rice shop owner told Reuters,One rice shop owner told Reuters,
““Foreign rice is for foreigners. Japanese peopleForeign rice is for foreigners. Japanese people
like only Japanese ricelike only Japanese rice.”.”
 Japanese government limits the import of rice toJapanese government limits the import of rice to 4%4%
of the marketof the market
 Rice is subsidized to help Japanese farmersRice is subsidized to help Japanese farmers

40. 4040
Underground farming in JapanUnderground farming in Japan
beneath a high rise building in Tokyo, Japan

41. 4141
Rice farming cost and income inRice farming cost and income in
japanjapan

42. 4242
LIVESTOCK INLIVESTOCK IN
JAPANJAPAN
 The dairy and beef industry in Japan is valued overThe dairy and beef industry in Japan is valued over
49 billion rupees.49 billion rupees.
 In Japan there areIn Japan there are
-- 4.564.56 million cattle,million cattle,
-- 9.619.61 million pigs,million pigs,
-- 294294 million chickens andmillion chickens and
-- 11,00011,000 sheepsheep

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Conti,,Conti,,
 One High-tech innovation helped dairy farmersOne High-tech innovation helped dairy farmers
auto feedauto feed
 Japan imports 75% of its feed stocks from abroadJapan imports 75% of its feed stocks from abroad
 It is the world’s biggestIt is the world’s biggest importer feed stocksimporter feed stocks

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COMMERCIAL FISHINGCOMMERCIAL FISHING
IN JAPANIN JAPAN
 Japan is largestJapan is largest fish-eatingfish-eating
nationnation in the worldin the world
- consuming 7.5 billion tons in a year- consuming 7.5 billion tons in a year
- 10 percent of the world's catch- 10 percent of the world's catch
 The Japanese eat mostly sea fishThe Japanese eat mostly sea fish
 Fish were traditionally used toFish were traditionally used to fertilize rice fieldsfertilize rice fields

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conclusionconclusion
 Though the climatic conditions in our countryThough the climatic conditions in our country
are different from Japan but the agricultureare different from Japan but the agriculture
growth of Japan shows a clear path way to angrowth of Japan shows a clear path way to an
agriculture in India.agriculture in India.
 By adoption of innovative technology of JapanBy adoption of innovative technology of Japan
India also can accelerate its agricultureIndia also can accelerate its agriculture
growth.growth.

47. 4747
ReferencesReferences
 www.maff.go.jp/hakusyo/kaigai/ehakusyo99.htmwww.maff.go.jp/hakusyo/kaigai/ehakusyo99.htm
 Factsanddetails.com/japanFactsanddetails.com/japan
 www.buddycom/japan/yasaikojo/index.htmlwww.buddycom/japan/yasaikojo/index.html
 Newshipper.sulekha.com/japanNewshipper.sulekha.com/japan
 www.impactlab.netwww.impactlab.net
 http://www.icscom.biz/nodai2010/index.htmlhttp://www.icscom.biz/nodai2010/index.html
 www.rieti.go.jp/.../yamashita/58.htmlwww.rieti.go.jp/.../yamashita/58.html

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