Agriculture has historically been the main occupation in Turkey, providing approximately 27% of national income. Turkey has fertile soil and adequate climate to grow most crops. It is one of the top global producers of many agricultural products like hazelnuts, figs, apricots, raisins, vegetables, grapes, wheat, tobacco, and cotton. While agriculture's economic contribution has declined with industrialization, projects improving infrastructure and adopting modern farming techniques have supported recent development in the agricultural sector.

5.  Agriculture has been always the occupation
of majority of Turkish people, despite the
sharing of industry and rising of services
constantly.
 Turkey is one of the few self-sufficent
countries in the world in terms of food.
 Turkey’s fertile soil, adequate climate and
abundant rainfall permit growing almost any
kind of crops.

6.  In terms of agricultural lands, Turkey is also
one of the largest countries in the world.
About 35.5% of the country are arable lands
and 15% consists of forests.
 Vegetable products account for 76% of total
agricultural production, then animal
husbandry, meanwhile; forestry and fishing
contribute a minimal amount. Fruits and field
crops make up the most of vegetable
products, wheat being the leading crop.

8. As per the figures of 2003, Turkey is the
world’s biggest producer of hazelnuts, figs,
apricots and raisins, the 4th biggest
producer of fresh vegetables and grapes,
the 6th biggest producer of tobacco, the
8th biggest producer of wheat, and the
10th biggest producer of cotton. Tea is also
large produced and exported. These
numbers are more or less the same for
2007.

9.  The rapid industrialization
of Turkey after 1930's and
government policies caused
agriculture's share to
decline in overall income.
The share of the agricultural
sector in the GNP was
almost 50% in 1950, 25% in
1980, 15.3% in 1990, and
11% in 2005. This caused
the fall of economic
standards of the farmers
and contributed to
emigration from rural to
urban areas.

11. But in 1990's, the State encouraged the
farmers to adopt modern techniques with
the mechanization and has provided
infrastructural conveniences for irrigation
and cultivation contributing to the
development of the agricultural sector. The
most important of these projects is the
Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP).

12.  The majority of Turkish population lives off
agriculture.
 This sector provides ¼ of national income .
 ıt plays an important role on Turkish export.
 It provides approximately 27% of national
income.

14. Fallow (dry) agriculture
Extensive agriculture
 Intensive agriculture

15.  WHEAT: The first growing season (spring) wants
rainfall. Maturation and harvest period wants drought.
Wheat production increased in some years due to
indecision climate falls in some years. Production is up
to Central Anatolia Region.
 BARLEY: Resistant to cold and heat. Therefore, in
general, be grown in every place. The most commonly
grows in the Central Anatolia.
 CORN: Likes to growth in plenty of water. Therefore,
the possibility of irrigation farming can be done
anywhere. Most are produced in the Mediterranean.

16.  RICE: The first germination
period, like plenty of water.
Requires the harvest period
of drought. For this reason
agriculture of rice developed
in the edges of streams.
Suitable for paddy
cultivation temperature
conditions of our country.
However, there is a problem
of irrigation in some places.
Marmara Region, which has
a share in production is the
most.

18.  LEGUMES :
 CHICKPEAS: Wants rainfall in the first growing
season. Harvesting be drought period. The climate is
generally adequate for our country chickpeas. Most
farming is done more in Central Anatolia.
 LENTIL: Drought resistant. For this reason, agriculture
of lentil is the most approprite area South-eastern
Anatolia.
 BEANS: Our country can be cultivated wherever
irrigation facilities. Central Anatolia is the region with
the largest share of production.

19.  INDUSTRIAL CROPS
 TOBACCO: Be grown in arid land. During the first growing, likes water. Then
there must be definitely drought. It can be grown in all regions. However, in
terms of quality is limited by the state. Aegean Region is the first for
production.
 SUGAR BEET: There is no specific request of the climate and soil. It can be
grow everywhere which is able to catch up irrigation. Production is the most
in Central Anatolia Region.
 COTTON: Likes alluvial soils. Also requires high temperature. Production
has ranked first in South Eastern Anatolia Region.
 TEA: Tropical climate plants which wants abundant and regular rainfall.
Eastern Black Sea is the best growing conditions in our country.
 POPPY: All regions except the Eastern Black Sea can be cultivated.
However, it is obtained by the production of drugs in state controlled

20.  OIL PLANTS
 SUNFLOWER: Likes water in
the first growing period. In the
period of drought should be
harvest. Marmara Region is the
first Region that has more
products.
 OLIVE: Mediterranean climate
plants. However, in the
Mediterranean Region farming
of olive does not developed
enough. Agean Region ranks
first in production of olive. In the
world-wide; Italy, Spain, Greece
and then Turkey comes.

21.  FRUIT GROWING
 GRAPE: It is very resistant to cold. For this reason,
it can be grow all the region.Aegean Region has
the most production.
 APPLE: After the grapes, it has the largest growing
area. It can be cultivated in all regions.
 HAZELNUT: It is the main homeland of Turkey.
The best growing conditions fort he Black Sea
Region climate. Turkey ranks first in production
and exports of hazelnut.

22.  CITRUS: Tropical climate plants. Agriculture
of citrus in our country the most developed in
the Mediterranean Region.
 BANANA: Tropical climate plants. Most are
grown in the Mediterranean Region.
 APRICOT: It can be cultivated in all regions.
Agriculture of apricot is the most developed in
the Eastern Anatolia Region.

23.  CARE AND BREEDING GROUND
 IRRIGATION
 FERTILIZATION
 SEED BREEDING
 MECHANIZATION
 USING MACHINE
 SOIL MAINTENANCE

24.  Cultivated land is planted area : 174.480.000 acres
 Fallow land : 36.551.000 acres
 Forestry: 192.376.000 acres
 Bearing : 123.776.000 acres
 Grassland : 123.776.000 acres
 Unused land : 662.195.000 acres

25. THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Prepared by Akkaya