After reading the codes of ethics posted to the USAOnline site please do the following (when
you are asked to compare, consider the following: the length and details in each one, the topics
covered, what are your thoughts on what is included in each): 1) Compare the Alabama Board of
Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors (Alabama BELS) with
your primary engineering societies Code of Ethics (i.e. if you are a civil it is ASCE, if you are an
Electrical it is IEEE, etc.) 2) Compare your primary engineering societies Code of Ethics with
ASCE\'s Code of Ethics (if you are a civil compare ASCE with any of the other societies)
Solution
1) First topic in Alabama BELS says about conflict of interest and is as follows-
This topic is also present in ASCE ethics and is as follows -
Now, this is present (highlighted in bold below) in Engineering council of India - code of ethics
under article 3 titled Obligation to Maintain High Standard of Personal Behaviour in a
Responsible Manner which is as follows -
The second article in Alabama BELS is tiltled Qualified by Education and/or Experience. Details
as follows:
The engineer or land surveyor shall act competently and use proper care in performing
engineering or land surveying services for clients or employers and shall act only in fields in
which qualified by education or experience as follows:
This is present in ASCE under canon 2 tiltles service with competence which says that
Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
This is covered in Engineering Council of India ethics code under article 2 named Responsibility
to Maintain High Standards of Professional Quality which include the following-
Third part in Alabama Bels is related to safeguarding and preservation of the confidences and
private information of clients and employers which is not present in ASCE but present in
Engineeering council of india(ECI) ethics code.
Cannon iii of Alabama BELS is named Confidences of Clients and Employers and is as follows -
This is present in ECI code of ethics as under article 3 as 3.9 (Employers’ Business Secrets)
which says that Engineers shall not disclose by any means, confidential information of the
employer or client, unless otherwise authorized
Next in Alabama Bels is titled practice;
The engineer or land surveyor shall endeavor to build a practice and professional reputation on
the merit of his or her services as follows:
(a) The engineer or land surveyor shall not offer, or promise to pay or deliver, directly or
indirectly, any commission, political contribution, gift, favor, gratuity, benefit or reward as an
inducement to secure any specific professional engineering or professional land surveying work
or assignment; providing and excepting, however, that an engineer or land surveyor may pay a
duly licensed employment agency its fee or commission for securing engineering or land
surveying employment in a salaried position.
(b) The engineer or land surveyo.
Code of Ethics for Engineers 4. Engineers shall act .docxmonicafrancis71118
Code of Ethics for Engineers
4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees.
a. Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest
that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the
quality of their services.
b. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise,
from more than one party for services on the same project, or for
services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are
fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.
c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable
consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in
connection with the work for which they are responsible.
d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees
of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall
not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or
provided by them or their organizations in private or public
engineering practice.
e. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental
body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as
a member.
5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
a. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit
misrepresentation of their or their associates’ qualifications. They
shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the
subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other
presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not
misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees,
associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments.
b. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or
indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by
public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the
public as having the effect or intent of influencing the awarding of a
contract. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable
consideration in order to secure work. They shall not pay a
commission, percentage, or brokerage fee in order to secure work,
except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial
or marketing agencies retained by them.
III. Professional Obligations
1. Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards
of honesty and integrity.
a. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or
alter the facts.
b. Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe
a project will not be successful.
c. Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of
their regular work or interest. Before accepting any outside
engineering employment, they will notify their employers.
d. Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another
employer by false or misleading pretenses.
e. Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the
dignity and integr.
Code of Ethics for Engineers 4. Engineers shall act .docxmary772
Code of Ethics for Engineers
4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees.
a. Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest
that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the
quality of their services.
b. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise,
from more than one party for services on the same project, or for
services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are
fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.
c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable
consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in
connection with the work for which they are responsible.
d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees
of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall
not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or
provided by them or their organizations in private or public
engineering practice.
e. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental
body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as
a member.
5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
a. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit
misrepresentation of their or their associates’ qualifications. They
shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the
subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other
presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not
misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees,
associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments.
b. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or
indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by
public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the
public as having the effect or intent of influencing the awarding of a
contract. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable
consideration in order to secure work. They shall not pay a
commission, percentage, or brokerage fee in order to secure work,
except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial
or marketing agencies retained by them.
III. Professional Obligations
1. Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards
of honesty and integrity.
a. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or
alter the facts.
b. Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe
a project will not be successful.
c. Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of
their regular work or interest. Before accepting any outside
engineering employment, they will notify their employers.
d. Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another
employer by false or misleading pretenses.
e. Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the
dignity and integr.
Code of Ethics for Engineers 4. Engineers shall act .docxmonicafrancis71118
Code of Ethics for Engineers
4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees.
a. Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest
that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the
quality of their services.
b. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise,
from more than one party for services on the same project, or for
services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are
fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.
c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable
consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in
connection with the work for which they are responsible.
d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees
of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall
not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or
provided by them or their organizations in private or public
engineering practice.
e. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental
body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as
a member.
5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
a. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit
misrepresentation of their or their associates’ qualifications. They
shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the
subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other
presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not
misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees,
associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments.
b. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or
indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by
public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the
public as having the effect or intent of influencing the awarding of a
contract. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable
consideration in order to secure work. They shall not pay a
commission, percentage, or brokerage fee in order to secure work,
except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial
or marketing agencies retained by them.
III. Professional Obligations
1. Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards
of honesty and integrity.
a. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or
alter the facts.
b. Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe
a project will not be successful.
c. Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of
their regular work or interest. Before accepting any outside
engineering employment, they will notify their employers.
d. Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another
employer by false or misleading pretenses.
e. Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the
dignity and integr.
Code of Ethics for Engineers 4. Engineers shall act .docxmary772
Code of Ethics for Engineers
4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees.
a. Engineers shall disclose all known or potential conflicts of interest
that could influence or appear to influence their judgment or the
quality of their services.
b. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise,
from more than one party for services on the same project, or for
services pertaining to the same project, unless the circumstances are
fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested parties.
c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable
consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside agents in
connection with the work for which they are responsible.
d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees
of a governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall
not participate in decisions with respect to services solicited or
provided by them or their organizations in private or public
engineering practice.
e. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental
body on which a principal or officer of their organization serves as
a member.
5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
a. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit
misrepresentation of their or their associates’ qualifications. They
shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their responsibility in or for the
subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other
presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not
misrepresent pertinent facts concerning employers, employees,
associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments.
b. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or
indirectly, any contribution to influence the award of a contract by
public authority, or which may be reasonably construed by the
public as having the effect or intent of influencing the awarding of a
contract. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable
consideration in order to secure work. They shall not pay a
commission, percentage, or brokerage fee in order to secure work,
except to a bona fide employee or bona fide established commercial
or marketing agencies retained by them.
III. Professional Obligations
1. Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards
of honesty and integrity.
a. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or
alter the facts.
b. Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe
a project will not be successful.
c. Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of
their regular work or interest. Before accepting any outside
engineering employment, they will notify their employers.
d. Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another
employer by false or misleading pretenses.
e. Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the
dignity and integr.
The following are guidelines for a good mark- 1- The student needs to.pdfJonathanh7yMathiss
The following are guidelines for a good mark. 1- The student needs to discuss important aspects
and the background of the case study. 2- The student needs to refer to the code provided at the
end of this document to compare and base it upon his argument. 3- The students make a
conclusion and recommendation. CASE STUDY 1 : Engineer A is in charge of a project to
install a new air conditioning system in order to save energy for his company buildings. A supply
manager from a well-known company learned about the company's intention to install the new
air-conditioning system and decided to invite Engineer A to dinner at a fancy restaurant to
discuss the project details. Discuss the ethical issues that might arise if Engineer A decided to
accept the invitation. [10 marks ] CASE 2 Engineer A, who is employed by a forensic
engineering firm, is called upon to serve as an expert witness in a lawsuit about the quality of
services provided by a manufacturer. Engineer B has the position of engineering manager at this
time. Engineer A testified at trial, based on his extensive background in safety engineering, that
the manufacturing company's safety policies were insufficient and likely led to the injuries
sustained by certain workers. Engineer B, several months later, made comments to the engineers
and others in which he accused Engineer A of acting unprofessionally and unethically, claiming
that Engineer A was biased because he had omitted key details from his testimony and instead
focused on circumstances that benefited his client. Engineer B did not provide any substantive
support for his claim that Engineer A has breached any of his professional duties. If Engineer A
testified as mentioned, is it unethical for Engineer B to comment without evidence that Engineer
A acted unprofessionally and unethically? [10 marks] Please use the ethics code provided on the
next page. Relevant codes Case 1 Section II.4.c. - NSPE. Code of Ethics: Engincers shall not
solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside
agents in connection with the work for which they are responsible. Section III.2.a. - NSPE Code
of Ethics: Engineers shall seck opportunities to participate in civic affairs; career guidance for
youths; and work for the advancement of the safety, health and well-being of their community.
Section III.5.b. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Enginecrs shall not aceept commissions or allowances,
directly or indirectly, from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or cinployers of the
Enginect in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible. Section III.9.e. - NSPE
Code of Ethics: Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their cateers
and shodld kecp current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional practice,
participating in continuing education courves, reading in the technical literature and attending
professional meetings, and seminars Relevant codcs Case? III.8. .
select an engineering articlejournal with ethical senerio and justi.pdfwailesalekzydelore94
select an engineering article/journal with ethical senerio and justify the case using NSPE CASE,
not more than 500 words.
Solution
Under facts and circumstances of the present case , it appears that Engineer A’s actions were not
under the letter or spirit of code . Act of Engineer A is a breach of trust , as he got ample
opportunity to disclose his intention and his inability
Some of ethical perspectives considered are
(a) consequences:
4. growth and development of city could be effected .
(b) Care
(c) Duty
He completely overlook Nolan principle of Public life i.e. Selflessness, integrity ,objectivity ,
accountability , openness , Honesty ,leadership
(d) Virtue base thinking
Following NSPE code of ethics for engineer are pertain to this case :
(a)Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees.
Above code is essential for understanding between employer and employee and their future
course of action would be based on faith .
Engineers, when employing other engineers, shall offer a salary according to professional
qualifications.
Code is relevant when:
Engineer hires/employs another engineer
Code is violated when:
Engineer offers a salary that is not commensurate with the hired engineer\'s qualifications
Code is not violated when
Engineer offers a salary that is commensurate with the hired engineer\'s qualifications
(b) Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the
honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.
Dignity and reputation of a person is always maintain if he follow some basic rule in his conduct
i.e. reposibility , honour , ethics etc.
(c) Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
Act of engineer A , left employer in a perplexing situation as they have to wait till 23th April
before outright rejection of joining by Engineer A . His act can be considered as deceptive act .
(d) Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and
integrity.
According to Nolan Honesty and Integrity is basic to any public profession .
Engineer A should had to maintained it .
Engineers shall not falsify or permit misrepresentation of their, or their associates\', academic or
professional qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their degree of
responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other presentations
incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning
employers, employees, associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments with the intent and
purpose of enhancing their qualifications and their work..
CNST4335 - Construction Management IIEthics AssignmentEthics.docxmccormicknadine86
CNST4335 - Construction Management II
Ethics Assignment
Ethics is a cornerstone of professional construction practice. This assignment is to help students to gain a better understanding of ethics standards through a real-life case study. This assignment is also an assessment of your written communication skills. Please take the time to write well to ensure a high grade.
Instruction
Read the attached Ethic Case Study and reference any code of ethics adopted by any professional or trades organization to answer the following questions:
Q1. What is the main ethical issue in the case study? Describe any circumstances to help the reader to fully appreciate the issue.
Q2. What caused the issue/problem in the first place?
Q3. Imagine you were one of the paving contractors and were asked to participate again in the complementary bidding.
What will you do? Explain your reasons.
1. You will agree to participate with the understanding that each contractor has its fair turn to receive awards in future projects.
2. You will decline to participate and you will prepare your bid independently.
3. You will decline to participate and report the complimentary bidding practice to the client, i.e. the state agency
Q4. Discuss your rationale for declining the other option.
Evaluation
Criteria
points
I. Technical Merit (7 points)
· Q1 & Q2 (300 words minimum)
/3
· Q3 & Q4 (500 words minimum)
/4
II. Writing skill (3 points)
· Use of appropriate grammar, spelling, and MLA format (see sample in Blackboard)
/1.5
· Logic structure & development of ideas
/1.5
TOTAL
/10pt
Deadline: Please submit your solution in Blackboard (click “Ethics Assignment” link on the left navigation menu) prior to the due date.
Complementary Bidding in Construction Projects
SITUATION:
Several paving contractors in two southern states participated in an anticompetitive scheme known as complementary bidding or bid rigging. Prospective competitors on a particular paving contract would select a “winning” bidder amongst themselves. The designated contractor would submit its bid for the project, while the other contractors would knowingly submit bids having a higher dollar amount or containing terms the contractors knew would be unacceptable to the state entity letting the contract. The scheme would thus create the illusion of a competitive bidding process while ensuring that a particular paving contractor ultimately received the contract award.
2
This comprehensive case requires students to evaluate a static budget and prepare flexible budgets to meet managerial needs. Students are required to calculate and analyze variances and discuss how variances are critical to managerial decision making.
Scenario: GP is a 400-acre farm on the outskirts of the Kentucky Bluegrass, specializing in the boarding of broodmares and their foals. A recent economic downturn in the thoroughbred industry has led to a decline in breeding activities, and it has made the boarding business extremely competitive. To ...
A presentation from on of WSPS\\\\’s regional conferences in Sault Ste. Marie. Co-Written and Co-Presented along with Steve Taylor from Great Lakes Power. Not exhaustive by any means, this presentation gives a high-level view of what to look for when establishing relationships with contractor at your workplace.
NSPE Board of Ethical Review 42606 - FINAL Case N.docxMARRY7
NSPE Board of Ethical Review
4/26/06 - FINAL
Case No. 05-3
Pg. 1
Failure to Respond to Client
Case No. 05-3
Facts:
Engineer A, an engineer in private practice was hired by Client X for the design of certain structural
members in connection with a warehouse. Following an initial meeting, Client X contacts Engineer A once
by e-mail and three times by phone to determine the time frame for completion of the structural design
work so that Client X can obtain financing for the project. Engineer A failed to respond to Client X on each
occasion for a three-week period due to other business. After three weeks, Engineer A contacts Client X
to respond to Client X’s question. Client X is inconvenienced by the delay and is unable to obtain the
favorable financing for the project, but the delay does not result in any other damage to Client X.
Question:
Was it unethical for Engineer A to fail to respond to Client X for a three-week period?
References:
Section I.6. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall conduct themselves
honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor,
reputation, and usefulness of the profession.
Section II.4. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
Section III.1.e. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and
integrity of the profession.
Section III.8. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities,
provided, however, that engineers may seek indemnification for services arising
out of their practice for other than gross negligence, where the engineer's
interests cannot otherwise be protected.
Discussion:
Engineers have a fundamental obligation and responsibility to provide competent and timely services for
the benefit of their employers or clients. This obligation and responsibility is the essence of what an
employer or client expects when hiring or retaining an engineer to perform engineering services. How
those obligations and responsibilities are pursued and accomplished by the engineer are critical to a fuller
understanding of engineering professional practice.
While the NSPE Board of Ethical Review has not had an occasion to examine a case involving the
specific facts as described in this case, there have been BER opinions that have explored some of the
ethical principles involved in this case. One specific example is BER Case No. 78-6, where the Board
examined a case in which Engineers A and B on behalf of their respective firms, both of which were
engaged in a specialized field of engineering, were contenders for a contract with an out-of-state client.
Following submission of their respective statements of qualification, the client selected Engineer B's firm
for negotiations and subsequently exe ...
Architects Professional Liability
Whether a small architecture enterprise or a multinational million dollar conglomerate, the work of architects and engineers is constantly under the spotlight. No matter how careful and exact an architect or engineer is, their work is constantly scrutinized by clients, leaving the chance of facing a lawsuit alleging negligence or failure to render professional services. Working in an industry that continues to feel the negative effects of the economy, architects and engineers cannot afford to take this risk - and that is where we can help.
h. What are epigenetic changes How may these contribute to the deve.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
h. What are epigenetic changes? How may these contribute to the development of cancer?
Describe the mechanism by which methylation of -G-C- sites may contribute to the formation of
cancerous cells. i. What are the six hallmarks of cancer, and what enabling trait allows cells to
acquire the six hallmarks?
Solution
Ques-1: What are epigenetic changes? How may these contribute to the development of cancer?
Epigenetic inheritance can be defined as the process in which complete heritable phenotypic
individual is resulted from chromosomal alterations but there will be no more changes in the
DNA sequence followed by differential gene expression of the phenotype. Recent research has
illustrated that epigenetic inheritance is involves both mitotically and meiotically. However,
mitotic or somatic inheritance is higher because of no reprogramming events of altered
chromatin. In meiosis for gametogenesis, a lot of reprogramming events to repair \"alterations in
chromatic\" has involved for altered cpG islands in both sperm cells and oocytes result in no
inheritance propagation from generation to generation. For instance, Epigenetic alterations can
be produced due to the exposure to the environment, in case of mice; dietary nutritional additives
can induce gene express of agouti gene, further result in the improper fur color and increased
level of cancer growth.
Ques-2: Describe the mechanism by which methylation of -G-C- sites may contribute to the
formation of cancerous cells.
Epigenetic changes in chromatin structure that affects gene expression. The epigenetic changes
involves in the viable gene expression inside the cells due to methylated -G-C- sites on DNA
with differential pattern finally silencing of large number of genes approximately 550 genes
(CpG dinucleotides) chemically methylated and modified to change the gene expression. These
events are leading to generation of abnormal phenotypes of cells finally become neoplastic &
undergoes metastasis
Que-3: What are the six hallmarks of cancer, and what enabling trait allows cells to acquire the
six hallmarks?
Invasion is mainly due to presence of cell adhesion molecules such as integrins on the cancer
cells finally promote the movement of cancer cells to another region. This process is going to
connect adjacent cells to tumor cells finally undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Intravastation is the process in which cancer cells undergoes metastasis to enter into “blood or
lymph stream” and these cancer cells secrete metalloprotenases, proteases to degrade basement
membrane of the stromal surface for endothelial migration. Sometimes, these cancer cells are
going to promote angiogenesis (synthesis of blood vessels) towards them to obtain nutrients
Extravasation is the process in which cancer cells are going to undergoes metastasis and “escape
from lymphatic vessels or blood vessel” by detaching from endothelium
Six hallmarks of cancer:
Self sufficiency in generating growth signals, insensitivity .
in this assignment you are asked to write a simple driver program an.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
in this assignment you are asked to write a simple driver program and set of functions (maybein
a library) that can be performed on a binary search tree.
Your program should allow user to insert/delete integer values into the binary search tree along
with several other operations on the binary search tree. You can use the code given in slides. But
this time your key will be int! Specifically, your program will ask user to enter a command and
related parameters (if any) in a loop, and then perform the given commands. Here is the list of
commands that your program must implement:
* insert
*find\'
*delete
*list inorder
*list preorder
*list postorder
*list levelorder
* max
* min
* height
*count
* sum
*quit
As always, make sure you release (free) the dynamically allocated memories if you allocate any
memory in your programs. So, before submitting your program, run it with valgrind to see if
there is any memory leakage
//my proggram in C
struct tree_node {
int data;
struct tree_node *left, *right;
}
typedef struct nodeT {
int key;
struct nodeT *left, *right;
} nodeT, *treeT;
int main(){
while (TRUE) {
printf(\"> \");
line = GetLine();
ch = toupper(line[0]);
switch (ch) {
case \'I\': insert(); break;
case \'F\': find(); break;
case \'D\': delete(); break;
case \'LI\': listInorder; break;
case \'LPR\': listPreorder(); break;
case \'LPO\': listPostorder(); break;
case \'MAX\': max(); break;
case \'min\': min(); break;
case \'H\': height(); break;
case \'C\': count(); break;
case \'S\': sum(); break;
case \'Q\': exit(0);
default:printf(\"Illegal command\ \"); break;
}
}
}
nodeT *FindNode(nodeT *t, int key){
while(t !=NULL) {
if (key == t->key) return t;
if (key < t->key) {
t = t->left;
} else {
t = t->right;
}
return NULL;
}
void delete(nodeT **p){
nodeT
*target;
target=*p;
if (target->left==NULL && target->right==NULL) {
*p=NULL;
} else if (target->left == NULL) {
*p=target->right;
} else
if (target->right == NULL) {
*p=target->left;
} else {
/* target has two children, see next slide */
}
free(target);
}
void listInorder(nodeT *T){
if (t != NULL) {
DisplayTree(t->left);
printf(“%d “, t->key);
DisplayTree(t->right);
}
}
void listPreorder(nodeT *t) {
if (t != NULL) {
printf(“%d “, t->key);
DisplayTree(t->left);
DisplayTree(t->right);
}
}
void listPostOrder(nodeT *t){
if (t != NULL) {
DisplayTree(t->left);
DisplayTree(t->right);
printf(“%d “, t->key);
}
}
void intsert(nodeT **tptr, int key){
nodeT*t, *tmp;
t=*tptr;
if (t == NULL) {
tmp=New(nodeT*);
tmp->key = key;
tmp->left=tmp->right=NULL;
*tptr=tmp;
return;
}
if (key < t->key) {
InsertNode
(&t->left, key);
} else {
InsertNode(&t->right, key);
}
}
int height(nodeT *t){
if (t == NULL)
return 0;
else
return (1 + maximumof(
height(t->left),
height(t->right)) );
}
int sum(struct tree_node *p){
if (p == NULL)
return 0;
else
return (p->data +
sum(p->left) +
sum(p->right) );
}
Solution
1. /*
2. * Java Program to Implement Binary Search Tree
3. */
4.
5. import java.util.Scanner;
6.
7. /* Class BSTNode */
8. cl.
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The following are guidelines for a good mark- 1- The student needs to.pdfJonathanh7yMathiss
The following are guidelines for a good mark. 1- The student needs to discuss important aspects
and the background of the case study. 2- The student needs to refer to the code provided at the
end of this document to compare and base it upon his argument. 3- The students make a
conclusion and recommendation. CASE STUDY 1 : Engineer A is in charge of a project to
install a new air conditioning system in order to save energy for his company buildings. A supply
manager from a well-known company learned about the company's intention to install the new
air-conditioning system and decided to invite Engineer A to dinner at a fancy restaurant to
discuss the project details. Discuss the ethical issues that might arise if Engineer A decided to
accept the invitation. [10 marks ] CASE 2 Engineer A, who is employed by a forensic
engineering firm, is called upon to serve as an expert witness in a lawsuit about the quality of
services provided by a manufacturer. Engineer B has the position of engineering manager at this
time. Engineer A testified at trial, based on his extensive background in safety engineering, that
the manufacturing company's safety policies were insufficient and likely led to the injuries
sustained by certain workers. Engineer B, several months later, made comments to the engineers
and others in which he accused Engineer A of acting unprofessionally and unethically, claiming
that Engineer A was biased because he had omitted key details from his testimony and instead
focused on circumstances that benefited his client. Engineer B did not provide any substantive
support for his claim that Engineer A has breached any of his professional duties. If Engineer A
testified as mentioned, is it unethical for Engineer B to comment without evidence that Engineer
A acted unprofessionally and unethically? [10 marks] Please use the ethics code provided on the
next page. Relevant codes Case 1 Section II.4.c. - NSPE. Code of Ethics: Engincers shall not
solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration, directly or indirectly, from outside
agents in connection with the work for which they are responsible. Section III.2.a. - NSPE Code
of Ethics: Engineers shall seck opportunities to participate in civic affairs; career guidance for
youths; and work for the advancement of the safety, health and well-being of their community.
Section III.5.b. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Enginecrs shall not aceept commissions or allowances,
directly or indirectly, from contractors or other parties dealing with clients or cinployers of the
Enginect in connection with work for which the Engineer is responsible. Section III.9.e. - NSPE
Code of Ethics: Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their cateers
and shodld kecp current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional practice,
participating in continuing education courves, reading in the technical literature and attending
professional meetings, and seminars Relevant codcs Case? III.8. .
select an engineering articlejournal with ethical senerio and justi.pdfwailesalekzydelore94
select an engineering article/journal with ethical senerio and justify the case using NSPE CASE,
not more than 500 words.
Solution
Under facts and circumstances of the present case , it appears that Engineer A’s actions were not
under the letter or spirit of code . Act of Engineer A is a breach of trust , as he got ample
opportunity to disclose his intention and his inability
Some of ethical perspectives considered are
(a) consequences:
4. growth and development of city could be effected .
(b) Care
(c) Duty
He completely overlook Nolan principle of Public life i.e. Selflessness, integrity ,objectivity ,
accountability , openness , Honesty ,leadership
(d) Virtue base thinking
Following NSPE code of ethics for engineer are pertain to this case :
(a)Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as faithful agents or
trustees.
Above code is essential for understanding between employer and employee and their future
course of action would be based on faith .
Engineers, when employing other engineers, shall offer a salary according to professional
qualifications.
Code is relevant when:
Engineer hires/employs another engineer
Code is violated when:
Engineer offers a salary that is not commensurate with the hired engineer\'s qualifications
Code is not violated when
Engineer offers a salary that is commensurate with the hired engineer\'s qualifications
(b) Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the
honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.
Dignity and reputation of a person is always maintain if he follow some basic rule in his conduct
i.e. reposibility , honour , ethics etc.
(c) Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
Act of engineer A , left employer in a perplexing situation as they have to wait till 23th April
before outright rejection of joining by Engineer A . His act can be considered as deceptive act .
(d) Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty and
integrity.
According to Nolan Honesty and Integrity is basic to any public profession .
Engineer A should had to maintained it .
Engineers shall not falsify or permit misrepresentation of their, or their associates\', academic or
professional qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their degree of
responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other presentations
incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning
employers, employees, associates, joint venturers, or past accomplishments with the intent and
purpose of enhancing their qualifications and their work..
CNST4335 - Construction Management IIEthics AssignmentEthics.docxmccormicknadine86
CNST4335 - Construction Management II
Ethics Assignment
Ethics is a cornerstone of professional construction practice. This assignment is to help students to gain a better understanding of ethics standards through a real-life case study. This assignment is also an assessment of your written communication skills. Please take the time to write well to ensure a high grade.
Instruction
Read the attached Ethic Case Study and reference any code of ethics adopted by any professional or trades organization to answer the following questions:
Q1. What is the main ethical issue in the case study? Describe any circumstances to help the reader to fully appreciate the issue.
Q2. What caused the issue/problem in the first place?
Q3. Imagine you were one of the paving contractors and were asked to participate again in the complementary bidding.
What will you do? Explain your reasons.
1. You will agree to participate with the understanding that each contractor has its fair turn to receive awards in future projects.
2. You will decline to participate and you will prepare your bid independently.
3. You will decline to participate and report the complimentary bidding practice to the client, i.e. the state agency
Q4. Discuss your rationale for declining the other option.
Evaluation
Criteria
points
I. Technical Merit (7 points)
· Q1 & Q2 (300 words minimum)
/3
· Q3 & Q4 (500 words minimum)
/4
II. Writing skill (3 points)
· Use of appropriate grammar, spelling, and MLA format (see sample in Blackboard)
/1.5
· Logic structure & development of ideas
/1.5
TOTAL
/10pt
Deadline: Please submit your solution in Blackboard (click “Ethics Assignment” link on the left navigation menu) prior to the due date.
Complementary Bidding in Construction Projects
SITUATION:
Several paving contractors in two southern states participated in an anticompetitive scheme known as complementary bidding or bid rigging. Prospective competitors on a particular paving contract would select a “winning” bidder amongst themselves. The designated contractor would submit its bid for the project, while the other contractors would knowingly submit bids having a higher dollar amount or containing terms the contractors knew would be unacceptable to the state entity letting the contract. The scheme would thus create the illusion of a competitive bidding process while ensuring that a particular paving contractor ultimately received the contract award.
2
This comprehensive case requires students to evaluate a static budget and prepare flexible budgets to meet managerial needs. Students are required to calculate and analyze variances and discuss how variances are critical to managerial decision making.
Scenario: GP is a 400-acre farm on the outskirts of the Kentucky Bluegrass, specializing in the boarding of broodmares and their foals. A recent economic downturn in the thoroughbred industry has led to a decline in breeding activities, and it has made the boarding business extremely competitive. To ...
A presentation from on of WSPS\\\\’s regional conferences in Sault Ste. Marie. Co-Written and Co-Presented along with Steve Taylor from Great Lakes Power. Not exhaustive by any means, this presentation gives a high-level view of what to look for when establishing relationships with contractor at your workplace.
NSPE Board of Ethical Review 42606 - FINAL Case N.docxMARRY7
NSPE Board of Ethical Review
4/26/06 - FINAL
Case No. 05-3
Pg. 1
Failure to Respond to Client
Case No. 05-3
Facts:
Engineer A, an engineer in private practice was hired by Client X for the design of certain structural
members in connection with a warehouse. Following an initial meeting, Client X contacts Engineer A once
by e-mail and three times by phone to determine the time frame for completion of the structural design
work so that Client X can obtain financing for the project. Engineer A failed to respond to Client X on each
occasion for a three-week period due to other business. After three weeks, Engineer A contacts Client X
to respond to Client X’s question. Client X is inconvenienced by the delay and is unable to obtain the
favorable financing for the project, but the delay does not result in any other damage to Client X.
Question:
Was it unethical for Engineer A to fail to respond to Client X for a three-week period?
References:
Section I.6. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall conduct themselves
honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor,
reputation, and usefulness of the profession.
Section II.4. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
Section III.1.e. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and
integrity of the profession.
Section III.8. - NSPE Code of Ethics: Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities,
provided, however, that engineers may seek indemnification for services arising
out of their practice for other than gross negligence, where the engineer's
interests cannot otherwise be protected.
Discussion:
Engineers have a fundamental obligation and responsibility to provide competent and timely services for
the benefit of their employers or clients. This obligation and responsibility is the essence of what an
employer or client expects when hiring or retaining an engineer to perform engineering services. How
those obligations and responsibilities are pursued and accomplished by the engineer are critical to a fuller
understanding of engineering professional practice.
While the NSPE Board of Ethical Review has not had an occasion to examine a case involving the
specific facts as described in this case, there have been BER opinions that have explored some of the
ethical principles involved in this case. One specific example is BER Case No. 78-6, where the Board
examined a case in which Engineers A and B on behalf of their respective firms, both of which were
engaged in a specialized field of engineering, were contenders for a contract with an out-of-state client.
Following submission of their respective statements of qualification, the client selected Engineer B's firm
for negotiations and subsequently exe ...
Architects Professional Liability
Whether a small architecture enterprise or a multinational million dollar conglomerate, the work of architects and engineers is constantly under the spotlight. No matter how careful and exact an architect or engineer is, their work is constantly scrutinized by clients, leaving the chance of facing a lawsuit alleging negligence or failure to render professional services. Working in an industry that continues to feel the negative effects of the economy, architects and engineers cannot afford to take this risk - and that is where we can help.
Similar to After reading the codes of ethics posted to the USAOnline site please.pdf (20)
h. What are epigenetic changes How may these contribute to the deve.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
h. What are epigenetic changes? How may these contribute to the development of cancer?
Describe the mechanism by which methylation of -G-C- sites may contribute to the formation of
cancerous cells. i. What are the six hallmarks of cancer, and what enabling trait allows cells to
acquire the six hallmarks?
Solution
Ques-1: What are epigenetic changes? How may these contribute to the development of cancer?
Epigenetic inheritance can be defined as the process in which complete heritable phenotypic
individual is resulted from chromosomal alterations but there will be no more changes in the
DNA sequence followed by differential gene expression of the phenotype. Recent research has
illustrated that epigenetic inheritance is involves both mitotically and meiotically. However,
mitotic or somatic inheritance is higher because of no reprogramming events of altered
chromatin. In meiosis for gametogenesis, a lot of reprogramming events to repair \"alterations in
chromatic\" has involved for altered cpG islands in both sperm cells and oocytes result in no
inheritance propagation from generation to generation. For instance, Epigenetic alterations can
be produced due to the exposure to the environment, in case of mice; dietary nutritional additives
can induce gene express of agouti gene, further result in the improper fur color and increased
level of cancer growth.
Ques-2: Describe the mechanism by which methylation of -G-C- sites may contribute to the
formation of cancerous cells.
Epigenetic changes in chromatin structure that affects gene expression. The epigenetic changes
involves in the viable gene expression inside the cells due to methylated -G-C- sites on DNA
with differential pattern finally silencing of large number of genes approximately 550 genes
(CpG dinucleotides) chemically methylated and modified to change the gene expression. These
events are leading to generation of abnormal phenotypes of cells finally become neoplastic &
undergoes metastasis
Que-3: What are the six hallmarks of cancer, and what enabling trait allows cells to acquire the
six hallmarks?
Invasion is mainly due to presence of cell adhesion molecules such as integrins on the cancer
cells finally promote the movement of cancer cells to another region. This process is going to
connect adjacent cells to tumor cells finally undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Intravastation is the process in which cancer cells undergoes metastasis to enter into “blood or
lymph stream” and these cancer cells secrete metalloprotenases, proteases to degrade basement
membrane of the stromal surface for endothelial migration. Sometimes, these cancer cells are
going to promote angiogenesis (synthesis of blood vessels) towards them to obtain nutrients
Extravasation is the process in which cancer cells are going to undergoes metastasis and “escape
from lymphatic vessels or blood vessel” by detaching from endothelium
Six hallmarks of cancer:
Self sufficiency in generating growth signals, insensitivity .
in this assignment you are asked to write a simple driver program an.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
in this assignment you are asked to write a simple driver program and set of functions (maybein
a library) that can be performed on a binary search tree.
Your program should allow user to insert/delete integer values into the binary search tree along
with several other operations on the binary search tree. You can use the code given in slides. But
this time your key will be int! Specifically, your program will ask user to enter a command and
related parameters (if any) in a loop, and then perform the given commands. Here is the list of
commands that your program must implement:
* insert
*find\'
*delete
*list inorder
*list preorder
*list postorder
*list levelorder
* max
* min
* height
*count
* sum
*quit
As always, make sure you release (free) the dynamically allocated memories if you allocate any
memory in your programs. So, before submitting your program, run it with valgrind to see if
there is any memory leakage
//my proggram in C
struct tree_node {
int data;
struct tree_node *left, *right;
}
typedef struct nodeT {
int key;
struct nodeT *left, *right;
} nodeT, *treeT;
int main(){
while (TRUE) {
printf(\"> \");
line = GetLine();
ch = toupper(line[0]);
switch (ch) {
case \'I\': insert(); break;
case \'F\': find(); break;
case \'D\': delete(); break;
case \'LI\': listInorder; break;
case \'LPR\': listPreorder(); break;
case \'LPO\': listPostorder(); break;
case \'MAX\': max(); break;
case \'min\': min(); break;
case \'H\': height(); break;
case \'C\': count(); break;
case \'S\': sum(); break;
case \'Q\': exit(0);
default:printf(\"Illegal command\ \"); break;
}
}
}
nodeT *FindNode(nodeT *t, int key){
while(t !=NULL) {
if (key == t->key) return t;
if (key < t->key) {
t = t->left;
} else {
t = t->right;
}
return NULL;
}
void delete(nodeT **p){
nodeT
*target;
target=*p;
if (target->left==NULL && target->right==NULL) {
*p=NULL;
} else if (target->left == NULL) {
*p=target->right;
} else
if (target->right == NULL) {
*p=target->left;
} else {
/* target has two children, see next slide */
}
free(target);
}
void listInorder(nodeT *T){
if (t != NULL) {
DisplayTree(t->left);
printf(“%d “, t->key);
DisplayTree(t->right);
}
}
void listPreorder(nodeT *t) {
if (t != NULL) {
printf(“%d “, t->key);
DisplayTree(t->left);
DisplayTree(t->right);
}
}
void listPostOrder(nodeT *t){
if (t != NULL) {
DisplayTree(t->left);
DisplayTree(t->right);
printf(“%d “, t->key);
}
}
void intsert(nodeT **tptr, int key){
nodeT*t, *tmp;
t=*tptr;
if (t == NULL) {
tmp=New(nodeT*);
tmp->key = key;
tmp->left=tmp->right=NULL;
*tptr=tmp;
return;
}
if (key < t->key) {
InsertNode
(&t->left, key);
} else {
InsertNode(&t->right, key);
}
}
int height(nodeT *t){
if (t == NULL)
return 0;
else
return (1 + maximumof(
height(t->left),
height(t->right)) );
}
int sum(struct tree_node *p){
if (p == NULL)
return 0;
else
return (p->data +
sum(p->left) +
sum(p->right) );
}
Solution
1. /*
2. * Java Program to Implement Binary Search Tree
3. */
4.
5. import java.util.Scanner;
6.
7. /* Class BSTNode */
8. cl.
How does alcohol affect IPSP and Potassium Why do the ions move.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
How does alcohol affect IPSP and Potassium? Why do the ions move?
Solution
ANS:
Entire body system is effected by alcohol consumption. alcohol is taken placed by every cell in
organs by through the blood and it results electrolytes imbalance. So potassium levels of the
body fluids is affected by electrically conductive ions.
The altered body fluid ionic concentration causes ionic imbalances.
Functions of Potassium:
The nerves function, muscle contraction, hormonal balance and water balance is mainly based on
Potassium levels.
The imbalance between sodium and potassium ions causes hypertension. It effects ADH
hormone levels.
The body dehydration is normally prevented by Anti-Diuretic Hormone. After alcohol
consumption alcohol suppresses ADH, upset the water balance and potassium ion concentration
in cells.
IPSP (Inhibitory postsynaptic potential):
It is a postsynaptic potential that hyperpolarized and inhibits the responses.
it decrease action potentials by moving membrane potential farther from threshold.
It is generally results from opening of Potassium or chloride channels.
Ions movement after alcohol consumption:
The potassium ion move through the membrane more easily than sodium. The ions of the
potassium is moved faster than sodium. Serum potassium levels were significantly lower in
alcoholic patients.
Ionic effect by Beer:
The water content in beer is high and the soluble nutrients concentration is low. Beer alcoholic
percent impairs normal ADH effected and the water content of beer is retained in body, so its
results over fluid load in blood stream.
The ion concentration of potassium is decreased and causes hormonal imbalance and thirst.
Ions effect by Hard liquor:
In Hard liquor the water concentration is low, so less water enters into body. Then the ADH is
suppressed by alcohol, and the kidney process high amount of water from blood stream into
urine. it leads to raise of potassium ion concentration in blood..
How has the social change driven the development of new information t.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
How has the social change driven the development of new information technologies, such as cell
phone, text messaging, movie recommendation software?
Solution
Information technological innovations (such as cell phone, text messaging, movie
recommendation softwarehave changed society in dramatic ways.Technology leads to a social
change and development process if used to articulate local needs and and contents.Social
changes like the industrial revolution leading to urbanization, the creation of a working class, and
so on) have driven the need and development of new technologies.
-> Radio and television are perceived as pivotal technologies for the shaping of public opinion.
-> Technology used to communicate (cell phone, telegraph) fuelled powerful new industries for
the exchange of news and other important information at the national and international level..
Describe the concept of web accessibility.Thank-you!Solution.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Describe the concept of web accessibility.
Thank-you!
Solution
Web accessibility means that the people with disabilities can use the Web. More particularly,
Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can recognize, understand, find the way,
and communicate with the Web. This is also helpful to others, including old people with
changing abilities due to aging.
Web accessibility includes all disabilities that influence contact to the Web, including visual,
hearing, and physical and neurological disabilities.
Millions of people have disabilities that change their use of the Web. Presently most Web sites
and Web software have accessibility difficulties that make it impossible for many people with
disabilities to use the Web.
A key principle of Web accessibility is to design Web sites and software that are flexible to meet
different user needs, preferences, and conditions. This flexibility also helps people without
disabilities in certain situations, such as people using a slow Internet connection, people with
\"temporary disabilities\" such as a broken arm.
The Web is more and more important resource in many ways of life such as education,
employment, government, commerce, health care and more. It is necessary that the Web be
accessible in order to provide equal access and equal opportunity to people with disabilities and
help them to actively participate in society.
The Web offers the chance of unmatched access to information and communication for many
people with disabilities..
Good new technologies are a bit like good new roads Their social ben.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Good new technologies are a bit like good new roads: Their social benefits far exceed what any
one person or company can get paid for creating them Michael Lewis, \" In defence of the
boom,\" New York times, October 27, 2002.
Solution
C. Tes. When marginal social benefits are positive, subsidies can increase output to achieve
efficient outcomes.
*****.
can you help me to solve this. Design a Person class similar to the .pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
can you help me to solve this. Design a Person class similar to the Coin class defined in this
chapter. Then design and implement a driver class called SelectPerson whose main method
creates two Person objects, then randomly selects a gender in both to see in which object a
female gender is selected two times in a row. Consider the possibility that they might tie. Print
the results of each selection and then print the object name which comes up first with the female
gender being selected twice, consecutively
Solution
public class SelectPerson{
public static void main(String []args){
//create two person objects
Person p1=new Person();
Person p2=new Person();
//delcare variable to set intiial values
int count1=0,count2=0,counter=0;
//loop until two consequetive femailes aren\'t listed
while(count1<2 && count2<2)
{
counter++;
p1.setGender();
p2.setGender();
//display selection of eahc round
System.out.println(\"*******Round \"+counter+\"*****\");
System.out.println(\"Object1 = Gender :\"+p1);
System.out.println(\"Object2 = Gender :\"+p2);
//check for female occurance
if(p1.isFemale())
{
count1++;
}
if(p2.isFemale())
{
count2++;
}
}
//display the results
if(count1==count2)
System.out.println(\"Tie\");
else
if(count1==2)
System.out.println(\"p1\");
else if(count2==2)
System.out.println(\"p2\");
}
}
//definitin of Person class
class Person
{
//variable to hold gender
private int gender;
//dynamiclaly set gender
public void setGender()
{
gender=(int)(Math.random()*2);
}
//check if gender is female
public boolean isFemale()
{
return (gender==1);
}
//return gender of person object
public String toString()
{
String genderName;
if(gender==0)
genderName=\"Male\";
else
genderName=\"Female\";
return genderName;
}
}.
Cephalothorax, 6 pairs of jointed appendages. Aquatic, but comes to s.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Cephalothorax, 6 pairs of jointed appendages. Aquatic, but comes to shore to mate and lay eggs
(spawn). Living fossil. Subphylum _ Class_ Many similar segments. Rounded body. Detritivore
and decomposer. Two pairs of jointed legs per segments. Subphylum _ Class _ Deuterostome
with 5 parts fused together. No arms. Spines. Elaborate jaws that eat kelp. Phylum _ Class _ Six
legs with 4 scaly wings. Undergoes complete metamorphosis. Wings often large and showy.
Pollinators. SUBPHYLUM _ ORDER _ Pentaradial symmetry. Arms with tube feet that have
SUCKERS. Members of this class eat mussels. Phylum _ Class _ Two papery wings. Includes
flies and mosquitos. ORDER_ First appendages are chelicerae, second are pedipalps. Terrestrial
animals that include spiders and scorpions. Subphylum _ Class _ Almost entirely aquatic.
Undergo ecdysiast. Jointed appendages. Includes Crab, lobsters, and pill bugs. Subphylum _
Class_
Solution
1. The organism here is the Horseshoe Crab. Subphylum: Chelicerata, Class: Merostomata
2. The organism here is millipede. Subphylum: Myriapoda, Class: Diplopoda
3. Sea urchins fit the description. Phylum: Echinodermata, Class: Echinoidea
4.The organism is butterfly. Subphylum: Hexapoda, Class: Insecta
5. Starfish is the organism. Phylum: Echinodermata, Class: Asteroidea
6. Order: Diptera
7. Subphylum: Chelicerata, Class: Arachnida
8. Subphylum: Crustacea, Class: Malacostraca.
A small boy is lost coming down Mount Washington. The leader of the .pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
A small boy is lost coming down Mount Washington. The leader of the search team estimates
that there is a probability p that he came down on the east side and a probability 1-p that he came
down on the west side. He has n people in his search team who will search independently and, if
the boy is on the side being searched, each member will find the boy with probability u.
Determine how he should divide the n people into two groups to search the two sides of the
mountain so that he will have the highest probability of finding the boy. How does this depend
on u?
Solution.
Address how cooperative binding contributes to SSB function during D.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Address how cooperative binding contributes to SSB function during DNA replication. What is
the advantage of such binding for SSB activity?
Solution
Single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is 178 amino acids long protein, found in E. coli, that
binds to single-stranded poly nucleotide strand of double helix DNA and prevents reannealing of
poly nucleotide strands and allow various aspects of DNA metabolism: replication,
recombination, and repair. As in E. Coli, the DNA replication initiate at Ori site. During
initiation, the helicase opens the double stranded DNA into single poly nucleotide strands,
eventually the SSB proteins bind to the seperated poly nucleotide strands and prevents
reannealing and facilitates sliding of DNA polymerase and DNA replication. Here binding of
single SSB promotes massive binding of SSB proteins to the poly nucleotide strand, called
cooperative binding. Such cooperative binding facilitates the uninterupted synthesis of new DNA
molecules..
A perfect left-sided binary tree is a binary tree where every intern.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
A perfect left-sided binary tree is a binary tree where every internal node has two children, and
every left child is a leaf. Write an algorithm, based on DFS or BFS, that takes as input an
undirected graph G, and returns whether or not G is (or can be viewed as) a perfect left-sided
binary tree. Analyze the time complexity of your algorithm.
Solution
bfs(G)
{
list L = empty
tree T = empty
choose a starting vertex x
search(x)
while(L nonempty)
remove edge (v,w) from start of L
if w not yet visited
{
add (v,w) to T
search(w)
}
}
dfs(G)
{
list L = empty
tree T = empty
choose a starting vertex x
search(x)
while(L nonempty)
remove edge (v,w) from end of L
if w not yet visited
{
add (v,w) to T
search(w)
}
}
search(vertex v)
{
visit(v);
for each edge (v,w)
add edge (v,w) to end of L
}
mport java.util.*;
public class BST > implements Iterable
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Integer[] a = {1,5,2,7,4};
BST bst = new BST();
for(Integer n : a) bst.insert(n);
bst.preOrderTraversal();
System.out.println();
//testing comparator
//build a mirror BST with a rule: Left > Parent > Right
//code for the comparator at the bottom of the file
bst = new BST(new MyComp1());
for(Integer n : a) bst.insert(n);
bst.preOrderTraversal();
System.out.println();
bst.inOrderTraversal();
System.out.println();
for(Integer n : bst) System.out.print(n);
System.out.println();
System.out.println(bst);
//testing restoring a tree from two given traversals
bst.restore(new Integer[] {11,8,6,4,7,10,19,43,31,29,37,49},
new Integer[] {4,6,7,8,10,11,19,29,31,37,43,49});
bst.preOrderTraversal();
System.out.println();
bst.inOrderTraversal();
System.out.println();
//testing diameter
System.out.println(\"diameter = \" + bst.diameter());
//testing width
System.out.println(\"width = \" + bst.width());
}
private Node root;
private Comparator comparator;
public BST()
{
root = null;
comparator = null;
}
public BST(Comparator comp)
{
root = null;
comparator = comp;
}
private int compare(T x, T y)
{
if(comparator == null) return x.compareTo(y);
else
return comparator.compare(x,y);
}
/*****************************************************
*
* INSERT
*
******************************************************/
public void insert(T data)
{
root = insert(root, data);
}
private Node insert(Node p, T toInsert)
{
if (p == null)
return new Node(toInsert);
if (compare(toInsert, p.data) == 0)
return p;
if (compare(toInsert, p.data) < 0)
p.left = insert(p.left, toInsert);
else
p.right = insert(p.right, toInsert);
return p;
}
/*****************************************************
*
* SEARCH
*
******************************************************/
public boolean search(T toSearch)
{
return search(root, toSearch);
}
private boolean search(Node p, T toSearch)
{
if (p == null)
return false;
else
if (compare(toSearch, p.data) == 0)
return true;
else
if (compare(toSearch, p.data) < 0)
return search(p.left, toSearch);
else
return search(p.right, toSearch);
}
/*****************************************************.
why might bacteria need to alter gene expression when their environm.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
why might bacteria need to alter gene expression when their environment changes?
Solution
Bacteria need to alter the gene expression according to the changing environment. As bacterial
gene is expressed in the form of operons which function according to the regulatory element,
which can either be inducer or repressor.
If inducer is present in the environment gene expression is promoted as inducer binds with
regulator and RNA Polymerase can bind to DNA, while if repressor is present in the
environment, gene expression is suppressed.
therefore bacteria alter their gene expression according to the change in environment..
Which of the three principles from the Belmont Report were violated .pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Which of the three principles from the Belmont Report were violated in the Milgram
Experiment?
Solution
Answer:
Two concerns that have been raised against Milgram\'s obedience studies were:
1. Respect for persons: Deception
The study itself was extremely stressful to the teacher-participants.
2. Beneficence: Psychological harm
There were lasting effects of the study. Some participants were dramatically affected by learning
that they were
willing to harm another human being, simply because someone in authority told them to do it..
Where is the cell body of the neuron that directly causes SA node ce.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Where is the cell body of the neuron that directly causes SA node cells to depolarize faster?
Solution
The cell body of the nerve fibres which directly causes the depolarization of Sino Atrial node or
SA node is located in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves of autonomous nervous
system.
This depolarization is spontaneous because the SA node is responsible for the cintraction of all
the other muscles of the heart. Therefore the action potential which is generated at SA node
passes down the other pacemeker cells like AV nodes and conduction of impuslse throughout the
heart muscles..
Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic inference met.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
Which of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic inference methods? a. Biologists
cannot use statistical analysis in inferring phylogeny. b. The logic of tree building is that species
with many characteristics in common are more likely to be closely related to one another than are
species with fewer characteristics in common. c. Biologists select a number of species (or other
taxa) and collect information about the characteristics, looking at which taxa have which
characteristics in common. d. Most phylogenetic methods today rely on molecular data for tree
building, but prior to molecular sequencing technology, most phylogenetic distances were
computed from differences in other types of characters.
Solution
a. Biologists cannot use statistical analysis in inferring phylogeny. ---> FALSE (computational
phylogenetics do use statistical analysis in interfering the data).
b. The logic of tree building is that species with many characteristics in common are more likely
to be closely related to one another than are species with fewer characteristics in common. --->
TRUE
c. Biologists select a number of species (or other taxa) and collect information about the
characteristics, looking at which taxa have which characteristics in common. ---> TRUE
d. Most phylogenetic methods today rely on molecular data for tree building, but prior to
molecular sequencing technology, most phylogenetic distances were computed from differences
in other types of characters. ---> TRUE.
What is the critical F value for a sample of four observations in th.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
What is the critical F value for a sample of four observations in the numerator and seven in the
denominator? Use a one-tailed test and the .01 significance level. can you show step by step of
how you got the answer.
Solution
For a a sample of four observations in the numerator and seven in the denominator using a one-
tailed test and the .01 significance level the critical F value is:
F(4-1,7-1,0.01)
=F(3,6,0.01)
=9.780.
what is the main function and sub-functions of a penSolutions.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
what is the main function and sub-functions of a pen?
Solution
solution
main function
- main function of pen is to write anything.
sub functions
- to stab the eye of the school bully
- pens are easily disassembled. Take the outer body and use it as a spitwad shooter
- Stylus
- Pointer
- Trache-tube (artificial airway used in tracheotomies)
- Emergency Axel for Bike
- Snorkle
- Straw
- Candle-Holder.
what are some barriers a company might need to overcome when enterin.pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
what are some barriers a company might need to overcome when entering the global market?
and
what are some sources of financing for a new business? Limit your post to one source, and
include some pros and cons.
Solution
Barriers to entry into markets for firms include:
· Advertising - Incumbent firms can seek to make it difficult for new competitors by spending
heavily on advertising that new firms would find more difficult to afford. This is known as the
market power theory of advertising. Here, established firms\' use of advertising creates a
consumer perceived difference in its brand from other brands to a degree that consumers see its
brand as a slightly different product. Since the brand is seen as a slightly different product,
products from existing or potential competitors cannot be perfectly substituted in place of the
established firm\'s brand. This makes it hard for new competitors to gain consumer acceptance.
· Capital - need the capital to start up such as equipment, building, and raw materials
· Control of resources - If a single firm has control of a resource essential for a certain industry,
and then other firms are unable to compete in the industry.
· Cost advantages independent of scale - Proprietary technology, know-how, favorable access to
raw materials, favorable geographic locations, learning curve cost advantages.
· Customer loyalty - Large incumbent firms may have existing customers loyal to established
products. The presence of established strong brands within a market can be a barrier to entry in
this case.
· Distributor agreements - Exclusive agreements with key distributors or retailers can make it
difficult for other manufacturers to enter the industry. · Economy of scale - The increase in
efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced increases. Cost advantages can
sometimes be quickly reversed by advances in technology. For example, the development of
personal computers has allowed small companies to make use of database and communications
technology which was once extremely expensive and only available to large corporations.
· Government regulations - A rule of order having the force of law, prescribed by a superior or
competent authority, relating to the actions of those under the authority\'s control. Requirements
for licenses and permits may raise the investment needed to enter a market, creating an effective
barrier to entry.
· Inelastic demand - One strategy to penetrate a market is to sell at a lower price than the
incumbents. This is ineffective with price-insensitive consumers.
· Intellectual property - Potential entrant requires access to equally efficient production
technology as the combatant monopolist in order to freely enter a market. Patents give a firm the
legal right to stop other firms producing a product for a given period of time, and so restrict entry
into a market. Patents are intended to encourage invention and technological progress by
guaranteeing proceeds as an incentive.
True or False1 The highest abundance of microbial life in soils .pdfmichardsonkhaicarr37
True or False??
1 The highest abundance of microbial life in soils appears in the O horizon.
2 Typically, increased oxygenic photosynthetic activity results in a decrease in pH values during
the day and an increase in pH values at night.
3 Freshwater represents about 10% of the total water on Earth.
4 Oligotrophic organisms thrive in low nutrient conditions.
5 Establishment of a proton motive force (PMF) is required to generate ATP via substrate level
phosphorylation.
6 Siderphores are used to increase availability of manganese in aerobic environments.
Solution
1. True
2. False, increased oxygenic photosynthetic activity will increase pH (become more basic) during
the day and during the night pH will decrease (become more acidic).
3. False, fresh water accounts for 2.5% to 2.75% of total water on earth.
4. True
5. False, Generation of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation is independent of PMF. ATP is
formed by the direct transfer and donation of phosphoryl group. It takes place in erythrocytes as
they have no mitochondria.
6. False, Siderphores are iron chelating compounds secreted by microorganisms used in the
bioremediation of iron rich environments..
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
After reading the codes of ethics posted to the USAOnline site please.pdf
1. After reading the codes of ethics posted to the USAOnline site please do the following (when
you are asked to compare, consider the following: the length and details in each one, the topics
covered, what are your thoughts on what is included in each): 1) Compare the Alabama Board of
Licensure for Professional Engineers and Professional Land Surveyors (Alabama BELS) with
your primary engineering societies Code of Ethics (i.e. if you are a civil it is ASCE, if you are an
Electrical it is IEEE, etc.) 2) Compare your primary engineering societies Code of Ethics with
ASCE's Code of Ethics (if you are a civil compare ASCE with any of the other societies)
Solution
1) First topic in Alabama BELS says about conflict of interest and is as follows-
This topic is also present in ASCE ethics and is as follows -
Now, this is present (highlighted in bold below) in Engineering council of India - code of ethics
under article 3 titled Obligation to Maintain High Standard of Personal Behaviour in a
Responsible Manner which is as follows -
The second article in Alabama BELS is tiltled Qualified by Education and/or Experience. Details
as follows:
The engineer or land surveyor shall act competently and use proper care in performing
engineering or land surveying services for clients or employers and shall act only in fields in
which qualified by education or experience as follows:
This is present in ASCE under canon 2 tiltles service with competence which says that
Engineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
This is covered in Engineering Council of India ethics code under article 2 named Responsibility
to Maintain High Standards of Professional Quality which include the following-
Third part in Alabama Bels is related to safeguarding and preservation of the confidences and
private information of clients and employers which is not present in ASCE but present in
Engineeering council of india(ECI) ethics code.
Cannon iii of Alabama BELS is named Confidences of Clients and Employers and is as follows -
This is present in ECI code of ethics as under article 3 as 3.9 (Employers’ Business Secrets)
which says that Engineers shall not disclose by any means, confidential information of the
employer or client, unless otherwise authorized
Next in Alabama Bels is titled practice;
The engineer or land surveyor shall endeavor to build a practice and professional reputation on
the merit of his or her services as follows:
(a) The engineer or land surveyor shall not offer, or promise to pay or deliver, directly or
indirectly, any commission, political contribution, gift, favor, gratuity, benefit or reward as an
2. inducement to secure any specific professional engineering or professional land surveying work
or assignment; providing and excepting, however, that an engineer or land surveyor may pay a
duly licensed employment agency its fee or commission for securing engineering or land
surveying employment in a salaried position.
(b) The engineer or land surveyor shall not solicit professional employment by self-laudatory
advertising, or in any manner contrary to high professional standards.
(c) Licensees shall not falsify or permit misrepresentation of their, or their associates, academic
or professional qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their degree of
responsibility in prior assignments nor the complexity of said assignments. Presentations incident
to the solicitation of employment or business shall not misrepresent pertinent facts concerning
employers, employees, associates, joint ventures, or past accomplishments.
(d) The engineer or land surveyor shall not supplant, nor attempt to supplant, directly or
indirectly, another engineer or land surveyor in an ongoing engineering or land surveying
project, after contracts have been awarded to such other engineer or land surveyor.
(e) The engineer or land surveyor shall not attempt to compete with another engineer or land
surveyor for employment by reducing his or her usual charges or by the use of unethical
practices.
(f) The engineer or land surveyor shall not participate in or implement procurement practices
(bid submittals) which do not first determine the qualifications of the engineer or land surveyor
prior to entering into fee negotiations for services being sought. An engineer or land surveyor
having submitted a statement of qualification and performance data, and having first been judged
as the qualified individual or firm to provide the services required for the proposed project, may
proceed to negotiate a contract with a client and establish compensation or fees for the required
services. Should the engineer or land surveyor be unable to negotiate a satisfactory contract with
the client for any reason, the engineer or land surveyor shall withdraw from further consideration
for the engineering or land surveying services. Another engineer or land surveyor may then be
selected for negotiations of a contract for the services on the stated project. Examples include but
are not limited to, simultaneous negotiations or solicitation of fee proposals by the client from
two or more engineers or land surveyors constitutes “bidding” and participation by a licensee is
prohibited.
(g) The engineer or land surveyor shall perform his or her work in accordance with approved
standards of practice and care and shall endeavor to adhere to all laws in effect in the jurisdiction
in which he or she is practicing.
(h) Should the engineer or land surveyor be presented with a Certification to be signed, sealed,
and dated as summarized in Rule 330-X-11-.04 and defined in Rule 330-X-2-.01(7), he or she
should carefully evaluate that Certification to determine if any of the circumstances set forth
3. below would apply. The engineer or land surveyor who signs, seals, and dates Certifications
which: (a) relate to matters which are beyond the engineer’s or land surveyor’s technical
competence, or (b) involve matters which are beyond the engineer’s or land surveyor’s scope of
services actually provided, or (c) relate to matters which were not prepared under the engineer’s
or land surveyor’s responsible supervision, direction or control are subject to disciplinary action
pursuant to Rule 330-X-16. If any of these circumstances would apply, the engineer or land
surveyor shall either: (a) modify the Certification to limit its scope to those matters which the
engineer or land surveyor can properly sign, seal, and date, or (b) decline to sign the
Certification.
(i) The engineer or land surveyor shall be completely objective, truthful, and shall include all
relevant and pertinent information in all professional reports, statements or testimony.
(j) The engineer or land surveyor shall issue no statements, or criticisms or arguments on matters
connected with public policy which are inspired or paid for by an interested party, or parties,
unless he or she has prefaced his or her comments by explicitly identifying himself or herself, by
disclosing the identities of the party, or parties, on whose behalf he or she is speaking, and by
revealing the existence of any pecuniary interest he or she may have in the instant matter.
(k) Licensees shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may be appropriate
when their professional judgment or covenants of this Code of Ethics are overruled under
circumstances where life, health, property, or welfare of the public is endangered
This is present in ASCE code under canon 5 - Reputation by merit -
Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and shall not
compete unfairly with others
a. Engineers shall not give, solicit or receive either directly or indirectly, any political
contribution, gratuity, or unlawful consideration in order to secure work, exclusive of securing
salaried positions through employment agencies.
b. Engineers should negotiate contracts for professional services fairly and on the basis of
demonstrated competence and qualifications for the type of professional service required.
c. Engineers may request, propose or accept professional commissions on a contingent basis only
under circumstances in which their professional judgments would not be compromised.
d. Engineers shall not falsify or permit misrepresentation of their academic or professional
qualifications or experience.
e. Engineers shall give proper credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due, and
shall recognize the proprietary interests of others. Whenever possible, they shall name the person
or persons who may be responsible for designs, inventions, writings or other accomplishments.
f. Engineers may advertise professional services in a way that does not contain misleading
language or is in any other manner derogatory to the dignity of the profession. Examples of
4. permissible advertising are as follows:
Professional cards in recognized, dignified publications, and listings in rosters or directories
published by responsible organizations, provided that the cards or listings are consistent in size
and content and are in a section of the publication regularly devoted to such professional cards.
Brochures which factually describe experience, facilities, personnel and capacity to render
service, providing they are not misleading with respect to the engineer's participation in projects
described.
Display advertising in recognized dignified business and professional publications, providing it
is factual and is not misleading with respect to the engineer's extent of participation in projects
described.
A statement of the engineers' names or the name of the firm and statement of the type of service
posted on projects for which they render services.
Preparation or authorization of descriptive articles for the lay or technical press, which are
factual and dignified. Such articles shall not imply anything more than direct participation in the
project described.
Permission by engineers for their names to be used in commercial advertisements, such as may
be published by contractors, material suppliers, etc., only by means of a modest, dignified
notation acknowledging the engineers' participation in the project described. Such permission
shall not include public endorsement of proprietary products.
g. Engineers shall not maliciously or falsely, directly or indirectly, injure the professional
reputation, prospects, practice or employment of another engineer or indiscriminately criticize
another's work.
h. Engineers shall not use equipment, supplies, laboratory or office facilities of their employers
to carry on outside private practice without the consent of their employers.
This is covered in ECI code under article 3 in 3.7 (self promotion) saying Engineers shall build
their reputation based on the merits of services to the customers and shall not falsify or
misrepresent their contribution.
Canon 5 in Alabama Bels is titled Ethics saying The engineer or land surveyor shall contribute to
the maintenance, integrity, independence and competency of the engineering or land surveying
profession as follows:
Many of these are present in ASCE code under cannon 6,7 and 8 which are as follows:
Canon 6 : Uphold Professional Honor-
Engineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity, and dignity
of the engineering profession and shall act with zero tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption.
a. Engineers shall not knowingly engage in business or professional practices of a fraudulent,
dishonest or unethical nature.
5. b. Engineers shall be scrupulously honest in their control and spending of monies, and promote
effective use of resources through open, honest and impartial service with fidelity to the public,
employers, associates and clients.
c. Engineers shall act with zero-tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption in all engineering or
construction activities in which they are engaged.
d. Engineers should be especially vigilant to maintain appropriate ethical behavior where
payments of gratuities or bribes are institutionalized practices.
e. Engineers should strive for transparency in the procurement and execution of projects.
Transparency includes disclosure of names, addresses, purposes, and fees or commissions paid
for all agents facilitating projects.
f. Engineers should encourage the use of certifications specifying zerotolerance for bribery,
fraud, and corruption in all contracts.
Canon 7 : Continue professional development
Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers, and shall
provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under their
supervision.
a. Engineers should keep current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional practice,
participating in continuing education courses, reading in the technical literature, and attending
professional meetings and seminars.
b. Engineers should encourage their engineering employees to become registered at the earliest
possible date.
c. Engineers should encourage engineering employees to attend and present papers at
professional and technical society meetings.
d. Engineers shall uphold the principle of mutually satisfying relationships between employers
and employees with respect to terms of employment including professional grade descriptions,
salary ranges, and fringe benefits.
Canon 8 : Treat all persons fairly
Engineers shall, in all matters related to their profession, treat all persons fairly and encourage
equitable participation without regard to gender or gender identity, race, national origin,
ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, disability, political affiliation, or family, marital, or
economic status .
a. Engineers shall conduct themselves in a manner in which all persons are treated with dignity,
respect, and fairness.
b. Engineers shall not engage in discrimination or harassment in connection with their
professional activities.
c. Engineers shall consider the diversity of the community, and shall endeavor in good faith to
6. include diverse perspectives, in the planning and performance of their professional services.
In ECI code, some of these(not all) are covered under article 1.2 (compliance with social order)
which says Engineers shall abide by the laws of the land in which the work is performed, respect
the local customs, uphold the human rights, safeguard public property; abjure violence and acts
of terrorism; under article 1.3 (impartiality and fairness) which says Engineers shall treat fairly
all persons regardless of such factors as race, caste, religion, state, gender or national origin; 3.6
(Mutual Obligation & Trust) saying Engineers shall not, maliciously or falsely, injure the
professional reputation of another engineer or organisation; 3.4 (Professional Relationship with
the Employer) which says Engineers shall act faithfully as trustee of the employer / client on
professional matters; and 3.1 (Honesty and Integrity in Professional Dealing) which
says Engineers shall maintain high degree of honesty and personal integrity in all their
professional dealings. They shall conduct themselves in a fair, honest and respectable manner.
Alabama Bels doesn't say anything about safety and environmental protection which is the very
first part in ASCE and ECI codes. Cannon 1 of ASCE is titled Hold Safety Paramount -
Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public and shall strive to
comply with the principles of sustainable development in the performance of their professional
duties-
a. Engineers shall recognize that the lives, safety, health and welfare of the general public are
dependent upon engineering judgments, decisions and practices incorporated into structures,
machines, products, processes and devices.
b. Engineers shall approve or seal only those design documents, reviewed or prepared by them,
which are determined to be safe for public health and welfare in conformity with accepted
engineering standards.
c. Engineers whose professional judgment is overruled under circumstances where the safety,
health and welfare of the public are endangered, or the principles of sustainable development
ignored, shall inform their clients or employers of the possible consequences.
d. Engineers who have knowledge or reason to believe that another person or firm may be in
violation of any of the provisions of Canon 1 shall present such information to the proper
authority in writing and shall cooperate with the proper authority in furnishing such further
information or assistance as may be required.
e. Engineers should seek opportunities to be of constructive service in civic affairs and work for
the advancement of the safety, health and well-being of their communities, and the protection of
the environment through the practice of sustainable development.
f. Engineers should be committed to improving the environment by adherence to the principles
of sustainable development so as to enhance the quality of life of the general public.
In ECI this is present under article1 in 1.1 (Public Safety) saying Engineers shall ensure the
7. safety, health and welfare of the public in the performance of their professional duties. Safety of
the people must always come first. They should promptly disclose to all concerned the factors
that might endanger the public safety or the environment and 1.4 (Environmental protection and
improvement) saying Engineers shall strive to protect and maintain clean, healthy and safe
environments and comply with the statutory requirements.