The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of Ancient India and is regarded as an important source of information on Hinduism. The narrative poem Savitri by Sri Aurobindo is an excerpt from the Mahabharata that tells the story of Savitri and Satyavan. Savitri, a gorgeous woman, uses her devotion and dedication to her husband Satyavan to convince Yama, the god of death, not to take her husband's life when he is fated to die. Savitri's devotion to her husband even in death exemplifies the Hindu ideal of a wife's devotion to her spouse.
The term "South Asian literature" refers to the literary works of writers from the Indian subcontinent and its diaspora. ... South Asian literature is written in English as well as the many national and regional languages of the region.
This document provides context about Rabindranath Tagore's novel The Home and the World. It summarizes the plot, which is set in India in the early 20th century during British rule. It follows the characters Nikhil, his wife Bimala, and Sandip, a radical leader of the Swadeshi movement. Bimala begins to question her devotion to Nikhil after meeting Sandip and developing romantic feelings for him. The document also mentions the historical context of the novel, its film adaptation, main characters, themes, and references.
India is a large, populous country located in South Asia. It has significant cultural and linguistic diversity due to many groups migrating there over thousands of years. Hinduism is the largest religion, followed by Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Hindu scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, and Ramayana. Hindus believe in concepts such as karma, samsara, and moksha. The goal of life is to achieve moksha by living righteously according to dharma.
William Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet born in 1770 in the Lake District of England. Some key events in his life included studying at Cambridge University, publishing his first poem in 1787, composing Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1798, marrying Mary Hutchinson in 1802, and continuing to write and publish poetry throughout his life until his death in 1850. Lyrical Ballads was an important early work that outlined Wordsworth's theory of poetry focusing on common language and ordinary life experiences.
The first stanza of the poem describes Khan's pleasure dome built alongside a sacred river fed by a powerful fountain. The second stanza is the narrator's response to the power and effects of an Abyssinian maid's song, which enraptures him but leaves him unable to act on her inspiration unless he could hear her once again. Together, they form a comparison of creative power that does not work with nature and creative power that is harmonious with nature.
Concept Of Racism in The Poem You Laughed and Laughed and LaughedNiyatiVyas
This document provides a summary of a student paper on the concept of racism in the poem "You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed" by Nigerian poet Gabriel Okara. It includes background on the author, a definition of racism, an analysis of how the poem depicts racism through contrasting African and Western cultures, and videos showing examples of everyday racism. The student analyzes how Okara uses the laughter of white observers to portray their lack of understanding of African songs, dances, and customs in a post-colonial context.
Study for delight for ornament and for abilityOsama Jehangir
This document discusses the different purposes of study according to Francis Bacon: for delight, ornament, and ability. It notes that Bacon was an English writer and statesman in the 16th-17th century. Some study for delight and relaxation, to sharpen their intellect. Others study for ornament to appear knowledgeable to others. However, the true benefit is for those who study to gain an ability, such as being able to implement and practice what they've learned.
The term "South Asian literature" refers to the literary works of writers from the Indian subcontinent and its diaspora. ... South Asian literature is written in English as well as the many national and regional languages of the region.
This document provides context about Rabindranath Tagore's novel The Home and the World. It summarizes the plot, which is set in India in the early 20th century during British rule. It follows the characters Nikhil, his wife Bimala, and Sandip, a radical leader of the Swadeshi movement. Bimala begins to question her devotion to Nikhil after meeting Sandip and developing romantic feelings for him. The document also mentions the historical context of the novel, its film adaptation, main characters, themes, and references.
India is a large, populous country located in South Asia. It has significant cultural and linguistic diversity due to many groups migrating there over thousands of years. Hinduism is the largest religion, followed by Islam, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Hindu scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata, and Ramayana. Hindus believe in concepts such as karma, samsara, and moksha. The goal of life is to achieve moksha by living righteously according to dharma.
William Wordsworth was a major English Romantic poet born in 1770 in the Lake District of England. Some key events in his life included studying at Cambridge University, publishing his first poem in 1787, composing Lyrical Ballads with Samuel Taylor Coleridge in 1798, marrying Mary Hutchinson in 1802, and continuing to write and publish poetry throughout his life until his death in 1850. Lyrical Ballads was an important early work that outlined Wordsworth's theory of poetry focusing on common language and ordinary life experiences.
The first stanza of the poem describes Khan's pleasure dome built alongside a sacred river fed by a powerful fountain. The second stanza is the narrator's response to the power and effects of an Abyssinian maid's song, which enraptures him but leaves him unable to act on her inspiration unless he could hear her once again. Together, they form a comparison of creative power that does not work with nature and creative power that is harmonious with nature.
Concept Of Racism in The Poem You Laughed and Laughed and LaughedNiyatiVyas
This document provides a summary of a student paper on the concept of racism in the poem "You Laughed and Laughed and Laughed" by Nigerian poet Gabriel Okara. It includes background on the author, a definition of racism, an analysis of how the poem depicts racism through contrasting African and Western cultures, and videos showing examples of everyday racism. The student analyzes how Okara uses the laughter of white observers to portray their lack of understanding of African songs, dances, and customs in a post-colonial context.
Study for delight for ornament and for abilityOsama Jehangir
This document discusses the different purposes of study according to Francis Bacon: for delight, ornament, and ability. It notes that Bacon was an English writer and statesman in the 16th-17th century. Some study for delight and relaxation, to sharpen their intellect. Others study for ornament to appear knowledgeable to others. However, the true benefit is for those who study to gain an ability, such as being able to implement and practice what they've learned.
General Introduction of Indian Writing in Englishsejalchauhan
This document provides an overview of Indian writing in English, also known as Indo-Anglian literature. It discusses how the genre began with the introduction of English schools and literature to India in the 18th century. It then outlines some of the major Indian authors who have contributed to Indo-Anglian literature, such as Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, R.K. Narayan, and Mulk Raj Anand. The document also notes that Indo-Anglian literature has received critical acclaim over the past 150 years and is a distinct genre within English literature.
David Mandessi Diop was a revolutionary African poet born in France who highlighted the problems brought to Africa by colonialism through his poems and involvement in the negritude movement. In his famous poem "Africa my Africa", Diop expresses longing for the Africa he has never known but feels connected to through his ancestry. The poem contrasts Africa's proud past with its current state suffering under colonial rule, exploitation, and humiliation. However, it conveys an optimistic message that Africa will rise again through its strong, patient youth to eventually achieve the "bitter taste of liberty."
Sir Roger de Coverley, an old country knight, attends the theater for the first time in 20 years to see a tragedy play called "The Distress'd Mother". He arrives at the theater by coach with friends including the narrator, Captain Sentry, and his butler. During the play, Sir Roger is concerned for the character of Andromache and disapproves of her refusal to love another after her husband Hector's death. By the end of the tragedy, Pyrrhus feels remorse for his past actions, and Andromache kills herself. Sir Roger and his friends are the last to leave satisfied by the performance, and the narrator ensures Sir Roger arrives home safely.
The Views on Faith, Realism and a Scepticism in the poem of 'Arun Kolatkar' KHUSHBOO HIRANI
This document provides biographical information about the Indian poet Arun Kolatkar and summarizes some of his English poetry. It notes that Kolatkar was a bilingual poet from Maharashtra who worked as a graphic designer and won several advertising awards. His collection "Jejuri" from 1977 depicts a journey to a temple and explores themes of faith, tradition, and the divine through short fragments. The document examines and quotes from several poems, showing Kolatkar's skepticism while still engaging with religious traditions from a modern perspective.
This document summarizes Elaine Showalter's work and contributions to feminist literary criticism. It discusses her division of feminist criticism into the "Woman as Reader" and "Woman as Writer" frameworks. It also summarizes Showalter's concept of the three phases of feminist literature - the Feminine phase, the Feminist phase, and the Female phase. The document concludes by discussing Showalter's advocacy for approaching feminist criticism from a cultural perspective that acknowledges differences among women writers.
Southeast Asia has a diverse literary tradition influenced by its history of trade and colonization. Early literature included oral traditions and inscriptions on materials like palm leaves and metal. Major works include versions of the Ramayana epic in various countries and the Tale of Lady Kieu in Vietnam. Modern literature has been impacted by new technologies like printing presses and deals with issues of tradition, modernization, and anti-colonial sentiments. The works are often in the languages of the colonizers like Spanish, English or indigenous languages.
Cleanth Brooks - The Language of ParadoxDilip Barad
This presentation is based on Cleanth Brooks's essay "The Language of Paradox,", wherein Cleanth Brooks emphasizes how the language of poetry is different from that of the sciences, claiming that he is interested in our seeing that the paradoxes spring from the very nature of the poet's language: “it is a language in which the connotations play as great a part as the denotations. And I do not mean that the connotations are important as supplying some sort of frill or trimming, something external to the real matter in hand. I mean that the poet does not use a notation at all--as a scientist may properly be said to do so. The poet, within limits, has to make up his language as he goes.”
This document summarizes a lecture on selected poems by Sylvia Plath. It provides biographical details about Plath's life and mental health struggles. It then analyzes three of her poems: "Daddy," "Tulips," and "Lady Lazarus." For each poem, it gives a brief synopsis of the themes and symbolism. It discusses the poetic devices Plath used and major themes in her work, like gender, death, and suffering. Key details are emphasized, like Plath's troubled relationships and her use of surrealism to process trauma.
Humanism in Literary Theory discusses various thinkers' perspectives on art and criticism from Plato to Matthew Arnold. Key points include:
Plato viewed art as inferior copies of ideal forms and a threat to social order. Aristotle saw art as conveying truth through concrete examples and changing forms. Horace said art should be both sweet and useful. Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Bacon viewed art as providing instruction and pleasure by presenting an idealized version of reality. Later critics like Samuel Johnson assessed art based on its moral message and effects. Matthew Arnold felt criticism should objectively judge literary quality.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet and educator born in 1807 in Maine. Some of his most famous works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He wrote lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend. Longfellow became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas, though he was also criticized for imitating European styles and writing for the masses. He experimented with many poetry forms and translated Dante's Divine Comedy into English.
2. Middle English Literature with Questionsmaliterature
The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of 200 years of French cultural dominance over English letters. During this time, French replaced English as the language of literature and polite society. By the mid-14th century, Middle English had emerged as the new literary language. Geoffrey Chaucer was the most famous writer of the late Middle English period, known for his allegorical Canterbury Tales written in Middle English. Sir Thomas Malory authored Le Morte D'Arthur, the first prose account of King Arthur in English.
The document provides an overview of Pakistani literature in English from the pre-partition era through the 1960s. It discusses how early literature highlighted the struggles for independence and nationalism, as well as the atrocities under British rule. Major pre-partition writers like Ahmed Ali portrayed the themes of lost freedom and nationalism. Post-partition literature dealt with the socio-political problems facing Pakistani society. Literature in the 1950s expressed disillusionment and supported democratic ideals. Prominent writers during this time included Saadat Hassan Manto and Zaib-un-Nisa Hamidullah. The 1960s saw literature address issues like political and social upheaval, corruption, cultural neglect, and ethnic/gender discrimination in Pakistan.
African writers and poets
SOYINKA, Wole (Born in Nigeria, July 13, 1934)
ACHEBE, Chinua (1930)
Clark John Pepper (Born April 6, 1935)
NGUGI WA THIONG (January 5, 1938)
Bharatiya Natyashastra is an ancient Sanskrit treatise on performing arts written by Bharatmuni. It contains 36,000 sutras and 6,000 shlokas discussing topics like theatre, dance, music, and recitation. The text describes four types of bhava or emotional states that give rise to rasas or aesthetic experiences. It also discusses concepts like vibhava, anubhava, and vyabhichari that are involved in rasas. Bharatmuni identified 9 rasas corresponding to emotional states and associated gods, colors, and sentiments. Natyashastra provides fundamental principles of Indian performing arts and its terminology indicates it was written prior to the
This document summarizes a presentation on Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Ulysses." The presentation provides background information on Ulysses, the Greek mythical character, and the origins of Tennyson's poem. It then explains and analyzes the poem, discussing figurative language. The presentation is delivered by Sharifa Bahri to 7th level students for their Poetry course. It covers topics such as the character of Ulysses, the origins of the poem in works by Homer and Dante, an explanation of the poem's themes and narrative voice, and an analysis of its metaphorical language.
(Psychoanalytic Theory) Literature - By Nisa Kae Anne and Fatimah Nur Khairunnisa
The document provides background information on psychoanalytic criticism and summarizes key concepts from Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung's theories. It then provides two examples analyzed through a psychoanalytic lens: the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and the poem "Because I could not stop for Death". Both works are examined in terms of Freudian concepts like the unconscious mind, repression, and death drive. Jung's idea of archetypes is also applied to interpret symbolic elements in "The Yellow Wallpaper".
A Man of the People is Chinua Achebe's 1966 satirical novel about a school teacher named Odili and his conflict with the corrupt Minister of Culture Chief Nanga in a post-colonial African country. As Chief Nanga abuses his power for personal gain, pursuing Odili's girlfriend, it highlights the gap between the ruling class and common people. When a coup occurs, it introduces the theme of military rule in Africa replacing ineffective civilian governments that had lost the people's trust.
Here is my presentation as a part of my Academic activities of Sem-1 M.A . Submitted to Pro.Dr. Dilip Barad ,Department of English MK Bhavnagar University.
The book review summarizes the novel "Immortals Of Meluha" by Amish Tripathi. It discusses the author and his writing style, the themes of the book, and characters. The book is described as using Hindu legends and mythology to tell a new story. It redefines concepts like virtue and vice. The review provides a 3 sentence summary of the plot, describing Shiva considering moving from Mount Kailash to the land of Meluha for a better life, and discovering he is destined to save Meluha when his throat turns blue after drinking an elixir of life.
General Introduction of Indian Writing in Englishsejalchauhan
This document provides an overview of Indian writing in English, also known as Indo-Anglian literature. It discusses how the genre began with the introduction of English schools and literature to India in the 18th century. It then outlines some of the major Indian authors who have contributed to Indo-Anglian literature, such as Tagore, Sarojini Naidu, R.K. Narayan, and Mulk Raj Anand. The document also notes that Indo-Anglian literature has received critical acclaim over the past 150 years and is a distinct genre within English literature.
David Mandessi Diop was a revolutionary African poet born in France who highlighted the problems brought to Africa by colonialism through his poems and involvement in the negritude movement. In his famous poem "Africa my Africa", Diop expresses longing for the Africa he has never known but feels connected to through his ancestry. The poem contrasts Africa's proud past with its current state suffering under colonial rule, exploitation, and humiliation. However, it conveys an optimistic message that Africa will rise again through its strong, patient youth to eventually achieve the "bitter taste of liberty."
Sir Roger de Coverley, an old country knight, attends the theater for the first time in 20 years to see a tragedy play called "The Distress'd Mother". He arrives at the theater by coach with friends including the narrator, Captain Sentry, and his butler. During the play, Sir Roger is concerned for the character of Andromache and disapproves of her refusal to love another after her husband Hector's death. By the end of the tragedy, Pyrrhus feels remorse for his past actions, and Andromache kills herself. Sir Roger and his friends are the last to leave satisfied by the performance, and the narrator ensures Sir Roger arrives home safely.
The Views on Faith, Realism and a Scepticism in the poem of 'Arun Kolatkar' KHUSHBOO HIRANI
This document provides biographical information about the Indian poet Arun Kolatkar and summarizes some of his English poetry. It notes that Kolatkar was a bilingual poet from Maharashtra who worked as a graphic designer and won several advertising awards. His collection "Jejuri" from 1977 depicts a journey to a temple and explores themes of faith, tradition, and the divine through short fragments. The document examines and quotes from several poems, showing Kolatkar's skepticism while still engaging with religious traditions from a modern perspective.
This document summarizes Elaine Showalter's work and contributions to feminist literary criticism. It discusses her division of feminist criticism into the "Woman as Reader" and "Woman as Writer" frameworks. It also summarizes Showalter's concept of the three phases of feminist literature - the Feminine phase, the Feminist phase, and the Female phase. The document concludes by discussing Showalter's advocacy for approaching feminist criticism from a cultural perspective that acknowledges differences among women writers.
Southeast Asia has a diverse literary tradition influenced by its history of trade and colonization. Early literature included oral traditions and inscriptions on materials like palm leaves and metal. Major works include versions of the Ramayana epic in various countries and the Tale of Lady Kieu in Vietnam. Modern literature has been impacted by new technologies like printing presses and deals with issues of tradition, modernization, and anti-colonial sentiments. The works are often in the languages of the colonizers like Spanish, English or indigenous languages.
Cleanth Brooks - The Language of ParadoxDilip Barad
This presentation is based on Cleanth Brooks's essay "The Language of Paradox,", wherein Cleanth Brooks emphasizes how the language of poetry is different from that of the sciences, claiming that he is interested in our seeing that the paradoxes spring from the very nature of the poet's language: “it is a language in which the connotations play as great a part as the denotations. And I do not mean that the connotations are important as supplying some sort of frill or trimming, something external to the real matter in hand. I mean that the poet does not use a notation at all--as a scientist may properly be said to do so. The poet, within limits, has to make up his language as he goes.”
This document summarizes a lecture on selected poems by Sylvia Plath. It provides biographical details about Plath's life and mental health struggles. It then analyzes three of her poems: "Daddy," "Tulips," and "Lady Lazarus." For each poem, it gives a brief synopsis of the themes and symbolism. It discusses the poetic devices Plath used and major themes in her work, like gender, death, and suffering. Key details are emphasized, like Plath's troubled relationships and her use of surrealism to process trauma.
Humanism in Literary Theory discusses various thinkers' perspectives on art and criticism from Plato to Matthew Arnold. Key points include:
Plato viewed art as inferior copies of ideal forms and a threat to social order. Aristotle saw art as conveying truth through concrete examples and changing forms. Horace said art should be both sweet and useful. Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Francis Bacon viewed art as providing instruction and pleasure by presenting an idealized version of reality. Later critics like Samuel Johnson assessed art based on its moral message and effects. Matthew Arnold felt criticism should objectively judge literary quality.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet and educator born in 1807 in Maine. Some of his most famous works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He wrote lyric poems known for their musicality and often presenting stories of mythology and legend. Longfellow became the most popular American poet of his day and had success overseas, though he was also criticized for imitating European styles and writing for the masses. He experimented with many poetry forms and translated Dante's Divine Comedy into English.
2. Middle English Literature with Questionsmaliterature
The Norman conquest of England in 1066 marked the beginning of 200 years of French cultural dominance over English letters. During this time, French replaced English as the language of literature and polite society. By the mid-14th century, Middle English had emerged as the new literary language. Geoffrey Chaucer was the most famous writer of the late Middle English period, known for his allegorical Canterbury Tales written in Middle English. Sir Thomas Malory authored Le Morte D'Arthur, the first prose account of King Arthur in English.
The document provides an overview of Pakistani literature in English from the pre-partition era through the 1960s. It discusses how early literature highlighted the struggles for independence and nationalism, as well as the atrocities under British rule. Major pre-partition writers like Ahmed Ali portrayed the themes of lost freedom and nationalism. Post-partition literature dealt with the socio-political problems facing Pakistani society. Literature in the 1950s expressed disillusionment and supported democratic ideals. Prominent writers during this time included Saadat Hassan Manto and Zaib-un-Nisa Hamidullah. The 1960s saw literature address issues like political and social upheaval, corruption, cultural neglect, and ethnic/gender discrimination in Pakistan.
African writers and poets
SOYINKA, Wole (Born in Nigeria, July 13, 1934)
ACHEBE, Chinua (1930)
Clark John Pepper (Born April 6, 1935)
NGUGI WA THIONG (January 5, 1938)
Bharatiya Natyashastra is an ancient Sanskrit treatise on performing arts written by Bharatmuni. It contains 36,000 sutras and 6,000 shlokas discussing topics like theatre, dance, music, and recitation. The text describes four types of bhava or emotional states that give rise to rasas or aesthetic experiences. It also discusses concepts like vibhava, anubhava, and vyabhichari that are involved in rasas. Bharatmuni identified 9 rasas corresponding to emotional states and associated gods, colors, and sentiments. Natyashastra provides fundamental principles of Indian performing arts and its terminology indicates it was written prior to the
This document summarizes a presentation on Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Ulysses." The presentation provides background information on Ulysses, the Greek mythical character, and the origins of Tennyson's poem. It then explains and analyzes the poem, discussing figurative language. The presentation is delivered by Sharifa Bahri to 7th level students for their Poetry course. It covers topics such as the character of Ulysses, the origins of the poem in works by Homer and Dante, an explanation of the poem's themes and narrative voice, and an analysis of its metaphorical language.
(Psychoanalytic Theory) Literature - By Nisa Kae Anne and Fatimah Nur Khairunnisa
The document provides background information on psychoanalytic criticism and summarizes key concepts from Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung's theories. It then provides two examples analyzed through a psychoanalytic lens: the short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and the poem "Because I could not stop for Death". Both works are examined in terms of Freudian concepts like the unconscious mind, repression, and death drive. Jung's idea of archetypes is also applied to interpret symbolic elements in "The Yellow Wallpaper".
A Man of the People is Chinua Achebe's 1966 satirical novel about a school teacher named Odili and his conflict with the corrupt Minister of Culture Chief Nanga in a post-colonial African country. As Chief Nanga abuses his power for personal gain, pursuing Odili's girlfriend, it highlights the gap between the ruling class and common people. When a coup occurs, it introduces the theme of military rule in Africa replacing ineffective civilian governments that had lost the people's trust.
Here is my presentation as a part of my Academic activities of Sem-1 M.A . Submitted to Pro.Dr. Dilip Barad ,Department of English MK Bhavnagar University.
The book review summarizes the novel "Immortals Of Meluha" by Amish Tripathi. It discusses the author and his writing style, the themes of the book, and characters. The book is described as using Hindu legends and mythology to tell a new story. It redefines concepts like virtue and vice. The review provides a 3 sentence summary of the plot, describing Shiva considering moving from Mount Kailash to the land of Meluha for a better life, and discovering he is destined to save Meluha when his throat turns blue after drinking an elixir of life.
When the charm of the woman failed the story the great jain monk sthulibhadraDr. Trilok Kumar Jain
The document tells the story of the great Jain monk Sthulibhadra. It describes how he was initially a youth who spent his time in romance, but had a change of heart after his father died. He decided to become a monk and renounced the world. He withstood many temptations, including staying with a former courtesan during the rainy season without giving in to her allure. This demonstrated his great commitment and self-control. The story aims to inspire younger generations to lead principled lives focused on spiritual goals.
Meerabai was a Hindu mystic and poet who was devoted to the god Krishna from a young age. She was married off unhappily but remained dedicated to Krishna. Her family and in-laws persecuted her for her unconventional devotion, trying to kill her by poisoning or snakes. She experienced many miracles protected by Krishna. Meerabai composed many poems and songs glorifying her love for Krishna and spent her final years traveling India in his service before disappearing.
This is my insight about Shiva Trilogy written by Amish Tripathi
The fastest selling Indian book series ever.
I have also included the viral marketing strategy adopted by Amish to promote the book
Siddhartha Gautama was born a prince in Nepal in the 5th century BC. He saw suffering in the world which prompted him to leave his life of luxury to find spiritual answers. After years of meditation and ascetic practices, he attained enlightenment under a bodhi tree. He then taught others, explaining that the causes of suffering can be overcome through following the Middle Way and Noble Eightfold Path. He traveled to teach for the rest of his life, establishing Buddhism.
1) Savitri was a princess renowned for her beauty and intelligence who fell in love with Prince Satyavan, despite a prophecy that he would die within a year.
2) On their wedding day, Savitri vowed to remain by Satyavan's side no matter what. When his time came, Death (Yama) arrived to take his life force.
3) Through her devotion, wisdom, and refusal to leave Satyavan, Savitri was able to win concessions from Yama and ultimately the return of her husband's life. They lived happily together and had many children.
Kamdi jignesh reviewed the book "Secret of Nagas" by Amish Tripathi. The book is the second installment in the Shiva trilogy. It continues the story of Shiva who has arrived in the land of Meluha and is believed to be their savior as the Neelkanth. In this book, Shiva travels to different lands to investigate the Nagas and uncover secrets about his wife Sati's past. He encounters many challenges along the way and learns more about his role in saving Meluha from unknown dangers.
I. Hindu scriptures accord women a high status, with many hymns in the Vedas composed by women priests and goddesses being worshipped equally alongside male gods.
II. Hinduism is unique in worshipping the divine feminine through goddesses like Devi, Lakshmi, and Saraswati. Key Hindu concepts like Shakti and the Vedas themselves are represented through feminine symbols.
III. Throughout history, women in Hinduism have excelled as spiritual leaders, warriors, rulers and social reformers, playing multiple roles while upholding dharma.
This document discusses the status and roles of women in Hindu Dharma and scriptures through various examples and evidence:
- Women were respected sages and contributed to the authorship of major Hindu scriptures like the Vedas. Several mantras and hymns are attributed to women.
- Major Hindu deities include both masculine and feminine forms. God is depicted as both male and female, or as an androgynous figure. Feminine deities like Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Durga are an integral part of Hindu theology.
- Historical examples of women warriors, rulers, and spiritual figures who played important social and political roles are provided, demonstrating high status for
presentation on Indian and western criticism.AvaniJani1
The document discusses the portrayal of Sita in the Indian epic Ramayana and how her character has been interpreted and politicized over time. It explores Sita's submissive role within a patriarchal framework and how she represents the experiences of many Indian women who face gender-based restrictions and expectations. The poem "Lakshman" by Toru Dutt presents a more human depiction of Sita as an anxious woman, in contrast to her idealized portrayal in the Ramayana. Feminist perspectives have both celebrated Sita's resilience and criticized her as a symbol of female subservience.
Hinduism is the oldest and most widely practiced religion in India, with about 80% of Indians identifying as Hindu. The oldest Hindu texts are the Vedas, which constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature. Other major religions in India include Buddhism, which was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and emphasizes enlightenment and escaping suffering, and Sikhism, which was established by Guru Nanak and emphasizes equality and service. The caste system historically divided Hindu society into hierarchical groups based on occupation. At the top were Brahmins, with untouchables at the bottom facing severe discrimination. Other topics discussed include sati, where widows were forced to immolate themselves on their husband's funeral
The document summarizes the life story of Buddha. It describes his birth in Lumbini Garden to Queen Maha Maya and King Suddhodana as Prince Siddhartha. As a young man, he was sheltered from suffering but later witnessed an old man, a sick man, and a corpse, which troubled him. He left the palace to seek enlightenment and practiced asceticism for years before achieving enlightenment under the Bodhi tree. Buddha then spent the rest of his life teaching the Dharma until his death at age 80.
The document summarizes the life of Buddha. It describes his birth in Lumbini Garden to Queen Maha Maya and King Suddhodana as Prince Siddhartha. Despite living a life of luxury, he was troubled by suffering in the world. After seeing an old man, sick man, and dead man, he left home to find the path to enlightenment. After years of ascetic practices and meditation under the Bodhi tree, he attained enlightenment and became the Buddha at age 35. He then spent 45 years teaching others about the Dharma until his death at age 80.
1) Siddhartha Gautama was born in Lumbini, Nepal to King Suddhodana and Queen Maya of the Shakya clan.
2) At a young age he witnessed suffering in the world which troubled him. He was sheltered by his father who wanted him to be king.
3) After seeing an old man, a sick man, and a corpse, Siddhartha realized that suffering was part of life. He left his palace and family to find a path beyond suffering.
This document summarizes and compares two stories from Xuanzang's records regarding the origin of the Sinhalese people. The first story is similar to the story in the Mahavamsa, involving a lion abducting a king's daughter and their children later settling on the island. The second story matches what is found in the Divyavadana, about a merchant named Sengjia and his son Simhala shipwrecking on the island and interacting with raksha women. While Xuanzang provided more details, the sources he drew from are not fully clear. The document examines similarities and differences between Xuanzang's accounts and other Sri Lankan chronicles and texts.
1) The document discusses the status of women during the Vedic period in India, noting that the social structure was well-established but underwent some changes that affected women's status over time.
2) It provides details about several prominent women from the Vedic period, including Kaikeyi, Sathya Bhama, and Gargi, describing their backgrounds and roles.
3) Kaikeyi is discussed in depth, describing her origins, love for Rama, role in the Ramayana, and how she was deceived into demanding Rama's exile.
1. The document discusses the status and roles of women in Hindu dharma based on ancient Hindu scriptures and traditions. It provides examples of women mentioned in the Vedas and serving as priests, sages, and deities.
2. Hinduism is described as unique among major religions for worshipping God in both masculine and feminine forms. Goddesses and female consorts of male deities are given equal importance.
3. The document highlights examples of women in history who served as warriors, queens, and social reformers, as well as women saints and spiritual leaders in Hinduism.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Afro asian written report
1. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 1
Republic of the Philippines
SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
EJC Montilla, Tacurong City
_____________________________________________________________
SURVEY OF AFRO-ASIAN LITERATURE
ENG 311
Savitri,
Excerpt from the Mahabharata
Sarmiento,Rizzan J.
2. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 2
BSED English III
PRE-DISCUSSION
• What is Mahabharata?
• Who is the author of the narrative poem-Savitri?
• What is the story of Savitri an excerpt from the Mahabharata all about?
• What is the connection of this narrative poem that influence Indian culture and
beliefs?
WHAT TO EXPECT?
• Discuss the story of Savitri an excerpt from the Mahabharata;
• Explain the influence of this literary piece into Indian culture; and
• Appreciate the literature of India from the narrative poem Savitri, excerpt from
Mahabharata.
LESSON OUTLINE
Mahabharata
• Mahâ-means great, and Bhârata-means the descendants of Bharata
• Mahabharata means Great India, or the story of the great descendants of Bharata.
• The Mahabharata is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of Ancient India.
• Longest epic of the world. With more than 74,000 passages and 1.8 million words
words in total.
• The Mahabharata is an important source of information on the development of
Hinduism between 400BCE and 200 CE and is regarded by Hindus as both a text
about dharma and a history.
LESSON: Savitri, Excerpt from the Mahabharata
(Indian literature)
3. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 3
Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950)
developed certain specific spiritual practices that afforded him experiences in
the interior spaces of the soul.
A writer that possess critical thinking on the foundations of Indian culture and
history to philosophical writings on the meaning of spiritual being and the
poetics of spiritual transformation.
His narrative poem Savitri- running into 12 books and 49 cantos.
Taking off from a small anecdote in the Mahabharata, this poem is cast as a
legend and a symbol —A legend told in the Mahabharata and the entire text is
an unfolding of the image of aesthetic transformation in symbolic terms.
Who is Savitri?
• Savitri, goddess in Hindu mythology, the daughter of the solar deity Savitr and the
wife of the creator god Brahma.
• In the context of Mahabharata story, Savitri a gorgeous woman and recounts how
Savitri used the power of her dedicationto her husband Satyavan to prevent Yama,
the god of the dead, from taking him when he was fated to die. She became the
epitome of the faithful wife.
Characters
• Savitri- a daughter of King Aswapati gaved by the goddess Savitri and named
after her. A gorgeous and devoted woman.
• Satyavan- son of King Dyumatsena and husband of Savitri that will live only for
one year.
• King Aswapati- could no conceive a male heir, honoring goddess Savitri and
therefore gave her a beautiful daughter who the King named “Savitri” after the
goddess.
• King Dyumatsena- was a blind man and lost his kingdom. The father of Satyavan.
• Narada Muni- divine messenger
• Yama- the god of death
4. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 4
The Story
The sequence of events:
• The story begins in King Aswapati, who was virtuous and lived what could be
considered a perfect dharmic style.
• Despite this, Aswapati could not conceive a male heir, As a king he need to have
a child that he will pass the throne.
• King Aswapati was visited by the goddess Savitri, who is also called Gayatri. Savitri
could not granted him a son, but instead granted him daughter.
• Who the King named her daughter “Savitri” also after the goddess.
• Savitri grew up to become a beautiful woman, and because of her intimidating
beauty none would hesitate to marry her.
• King Aswapati sent her off in search of a husband, as none in their land would
marry her.
• Savitri, tell about King Dyumatsena a Kyshatriya King, was a wise, virtous king
but grew blind and thus his Kingdom was overthrown by an old enemy.
• Meanwhile, Savitri met the King Dyumatsena’s only son Satyavan.
• Savitri fall inloved to Satyavan and chose him as the one she would Marry.
• Her father does not object this most unsuitable husband and Savitri leaves the
luxuries of the palace. And they leaves in the edge of the forest and Satyavan
earns a living as a woodcutter.
• Then, Narada Muni the divine messenger appeared and warned her that Satyavan
will live only from one year from the day they marry. But still Savitri pursue her
loved and they get married.
• Savitri knows of his husband death, therefore she always do dharma and when
only three days remaining that her husband would die, she gave up eating,
sleeping and passed all her time in prayer.
• One day Savitri and Satyavan went out in the woods to pick fruits and cut down
tree branches.
5. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 5
• After, Satyavan began to feel weak, he is overcome with fatigue and falls asleep
in the lap of her wife. Savitri knows that this is the moment of his death.
• The next moment Yama, the god of the death appeared to Savitri and take
Satyavan’s soul.
• Savitri refuses to leave her husband and follows the god of death.
• She spoke to Yama of Satyavan’s virtues and he was impressed by her words and
her devotion and granted her a boon.
• Yama said “I will give you two boons; you can ask for anything except the life of
Satyavan”.
• First she asks that her father-in-law sight be restored, gives strength and then she
asks that his kingdom be returned to him. Second that she be the mother of a
hundred sons.
• Without thinking, Yama granted her two boons.
• At this Savitri asked Yama to return her husband because without him, she could
not have any sons.
• Then suddenly Satyavan give back to life.
• When Savitri and Satyavan returned, they found Dyumatsena’s eyesight and
strength had returned, and he ascended once againto his rightful place at the head
of kingdom.
• Savitri and Satyavan had many children, and all as well.
The End
The Message and its connection to Hindu way of life.
• Savitri’s devotion to her husband isthe key theme of this literary piece. Even before
they are married, Savitri were really devoted even on the impending death of
Satyavan.
This is especially significant due to inauspicious status of widows in the Hindu
tradition, and prohibition of remarriage.
• She also shows devotion towards her husband’s family. Her request of Yama to
return her father-in-law’s sight, strength, and kingdom exemplify this ideal.
Who in the Hindu tradition essentially becomes her new primary family.
• Lastly her devotion to Satyavan even in death is impressive. She didn’t; hesitate
to follows Yama and grants her divine boons, eventually giving the life of her
husband back.
6. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 6
The ideal of pativrata “ascetic dedicationto the woman’s husband”. It is the highest
vrata, or ascetic observance that Hindu women follow.
The pativrata is closely related to sakti, spiritual power, and the husband was
dependent on this spiritual power for his survival and strength.
• The story of Savitri, exemplifies this, as Savitri’s devotion is very closely tied to her
husband strength and survival, literally bringing him back to life.
SUMMARY
The Mahabharata is an important source of information on the development of
Hinduism between 400BCE and 200 CE and is regarded by Hindus as both a text about
dharma and a history.The excerpt from the Mahabharata which is the narrative poem that
tells a story about Savitri and Satyavan was written by Sri Aurobindo in a 12 books and
49 cantos. The narrative poem talks about the legend and a symbol. A legend told in the
Mahabharata and the entire text is an unfolding of the image of aesthetic transformation
in symbolic terms which the spiritual being.
In the context of Mahabharata story, Savitri a gorgeous woman, recounts how she
used the power of dedication to her husband Satyavan to prevent Yama, the god of the
dead, from taking him when he was fated to die. She became the epitome of the faithful
wife. Savitri’s devotion to her husband is the key theme of the literary piece. Since even
before they are married, Savitri were really devoted even on the impending death of her
husband. She also shows devotion towards her husband’s family. Her request of Yama
to return her father-in-law’s sight, strength, and kingdom exemplify this ideal. Lastly her
devotion to Satyavan even in death is impressive. She didn’t; hesitate to follows Yama
and grants her divine boons, eventually giving the life of her husband back.
The story of Savitri and Satyavan, by Sri Aurobindo implies a legend told in
Mahabharata and a symbol of spiritual being it exemplifies the Hindu ideals of a wife’s
devotion to her husband. Savitri marries the man she chooses regardless of his
approaching death, and refuses to let him go. When her husband was going to die, it is
her devotion and strength of character that brings him back to life. She epitomizes the
ideal of pativrata, and is an example of how the Hindu epics teach how one should live
with simple moral principles.
7. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 7
ASSESSMENT
Part I Multiple Choice
Answer the following questions and write the letter provided before the number.
__1. Is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of Ancient India?
a.Mahabharata b.Bharata c. Hinduism d.Pativrata
__2.Who is the author of the narrative poem Savitri an excerpt from the Mahabharata?
a.Sir Aurbindo b.Sri Arobindo c. Sir Aurbendo d. Sri Aurobindo
__3. According to the author the narrative poem implies as?
a.happiness and love b.legend and symbol c.hope and suffering
d.spirit and power
__4. Who is the main character of the story considered as the faithful wife to her husband?
a.Savitri b.Satyavan c. Narada d.Yama
__5 Who is the divine messenger in the story?
a. God Brahma b.Yama c.deity Savitr d.Narada Muni
Part II. Enumeration
1.List down the characters and give their roles in the story.
8. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 8
Part III. Essay. Give at least one paragraph explanation.
1. In your own understanding, explain the moral values of the story?
2. How do this piece reflects into the real life situation?
3. When you will get married, give your reason as being devoted to your spouse.
Part IV. Performance
Choose your own group, dividing the class into 5 groups and do a drama/role play about
the story. Be creative as you can used props or costumes.
Attached the rubric.
9. Savitri,Excerpt fromthe
Mahabharata 9
The rubrics presented were adapted from samples provided in the Rubistar section of the 4teachers.org
site provided by Advanced Learning Technologies in Education Consortia (ALTEC), hosted by the
University of Kansas, http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php.
Note: Doesn’t applicable if there is no face to face interaction.
References:
Assessment rubrics. (2008).
http://www.druged.ednet.ns.ca/Supplement/Appendices/Rubrics/Rubrics.html
Ballesterol,K.(n.d.).The Mahabharata
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/kristineballesterol/mahabharata-
31810941?fbclid=IwAR0FW1upMqQ5aXovMFYDWKsNIzjLMYdKfG--
7nWd2dgWvcPcvI7TwL9Jtfc
Britannica.(n.d.). Savitri.https://www.britannica.com/topic/Savitri
Hill, T. (2017). Savitri and satyavana.www.mahavidya.ca/2017/12/29/savitri-and-
satyavan/
Sattar, A.(2017). History and culture.https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-
culture/the-story-of-savitri-sathyavan/article19414814.ece
Sivaramakrishnan M. (2019, August 15). Sri Aurobindo’s savitri and the mantra.
The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/sri-
aurobindos-savitri-and-the-mantra-5904291/