AECT 2018 - K-12 Online Learning: Trends From Two Decades Of Scholarship.
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Arnesen, K. T., Hveem, J., Short, C. R., West, R., & Barbour, M. K. (2018, March). K-12 online learning: Trends from two decades of scholarship. A paper presentation to the annual meeting of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Kansas City, MO.
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AECT 2018 - K-12 Online Learning: Trends From Two Decades Of Scholarship.
- 1. K-12 ONLINE LEARNING Trends From Two Decades of Scholarship
- 2. Authors Karen T. Arnesen (Brigham Young University) Joshua Hveem (Brigham Young University) Cecil R. Short(Brigham Young University) Richard E. West (Brigham Young University) Michael K. Barbour(Touro University)
- 4. Methodology—Finding the Articles Searched sources specific to the field (such as Handbook of K-12 Online and Blended Learning, etc.) Step 1 Searched authors’ Google Scholar and faculty profiles for articles and references in the articles. Step 2 Contacted 44 scholars and two organizations to suggest articles we may have overlooked. Step 3 Found 356 articles (from 1994 to 2016). Step 4 An outside scholar verified process and results. Step 5
- 5. FINDINGS
- 6. Author Analysis Author Analysis—384 distinct authors; ranked by number of articles and position of authorship. Top 11 authors: Michael K. Barbour (57), Cathy Cavanaugh (19), Ken Stevens (18) Elizabeth Murphy (16), Charles Graham (15), Margaret Roblyer (14), Jered Borup (14), Leanna Archambault (12), Diana Greer (11), Dennis Beck (10), Niki Davis (10) Of note: 276 authors (just under 75% of the authors) published only one article; more than half of these articles were published from 2011 though 2016, perhaps indicating a growth in interest in K-12 online learning and newer scholars.
- 7. Top 3 Articles 1. Cathy Cavanaugh (2001). “Effectiveness of interactive distance education technologies in K-12 learning: A meta-analysis.” International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 7(1), 73-88. 2. Archambault, L. M., & Crippen, K.J. (2009). Examining TPACK among K-12 online distance educators in the United States. Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1). 3. Barbour, M. K. & Reeves, T. C. (2009). The reality of virtual schools: A review of the literature. Computers and Education, 52(2), 402-416.
- 8. Top-cited Articles 486 479 432 364 350 344 302 298 245 241 222 170 170 150 149 134 121 110 107 107 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 CITATIONS ARTICLE Number of Citations
- 9. Top-cited Articles by Year 0 26 29 19 11 61 298 74 486 170 344 52 364 350 150 241 479 107 101 170 245 63 18 80 100 200 300 400 500 600 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NUMBEROFCITATIONS YEAR Top Articles Cited by Year Eleven articles from this list are also included in the top-20 cited articles.
- 10. Types of Top-20 Articles 4 5 2 2 7 DESCRIPTIVE INFERENTIAL INTERPRETIVE MIXED THEORETICAL NumberofArticles Article Type Types of Articles
- 11. Types of Articles Being Published 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NumberofArticles Years Types of Articles Theoretical Interpretive Descriptive Inferential Mixed
- 12. Position of Authorship The number of articles and the number of authors have grown over the years. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NumberofArticles Years Positions of Authorship 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
- 13. Articles Published per Year 1 3 3 4 3 7 6 6 9 11 5 14 12 16 22 33 25 20 23 31 40 27 35 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 NumberofArticles Year Articles per Year
- 14. Top Publishing Journals Top journal published 7% of the total articles. 132 journals published four or fewer articles. 102 journals published one article. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Journal of Online Learning Research American Journal of Distance Education International Journal of E-Learning & Distance… Journal of Open Flexible and Distance Learning* Journal of Technology and Teacher Education TechTrends The Morning Watch Distance Learning International Review of Research in Open and… Quarterly Review of Distance Education NUMBER OF ARTICLES JOURNALS Top 10 Journals
- 16. Conclusions Although the field of distance education is large, we found the field of K-12 online learning to be much narrower—but growing. Familiar names are frequent authors, but in the last few years there has been a rapid growth of new articles and new authors. This infusion of new scholarship will lead to new ideas and trends in this discipline. The field of K-12 online articles were at first primarily theoretical but is now maturing and emphasizing increasingly more data-driven articles. We did not find just one journal dominating the discussion, but articles are spread across a wide variety of journals. This provides rich publishing opportunities but may make discerning trends across the discipline more difficult. Thus, meta-analysis and literature reviews are valuable and should be encouraged.
- 17. QUESTIONS
- 18. THANK YOU Karen Arnesen, Joshua Hveem, Cecil Short, Richard West, Michael Barbour
Editor's Notes
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