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Advanced mainframe hacking
- 1. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Philip Young ZedSec 390 CST08 Advanced Mainframe Hacking SECURITY & COMPLIANCE CONFERENCE 2016
- 2. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Disclaimer I’m not here in the name of or on behalf of my employer. All opinions expressed here are my own.
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- 13. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Purpose This session will: • Go over the tools introduced in Mondays keynote • Explain what’s going on behind the scenes • Show you how to use the tools
- 14. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Tools Covered • Nmap • Metasploit • CICSpwn • ELV.APF
- 15. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Platform • Linux (Kali Linux) • Vmware • macOS • VPS
- 16. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Kali Linux • A Linux distribution • Comes pre-loaded with multiple tools: • BURP • Metasploit • BeeF • Many more
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- 20. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Nmap • Created in 1997 • By: Fyodor • Mostly ‘C’ • Includes Service Detection • Added Scripting Engine in ‘07
- 21. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Nmap • Network MAP • Uses various techniques to discover open ports • E.G. “Syn Scan”
- 22. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Service Probes • Identify what is running on a port • Uses TCP/UDP probes
- 23. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Nmap Probes • Use the flag: ‘-sV’ • Null Probe: Matches data sent to Nmap • Approx 4,000 ‘Null Probes’ Let’s look at TN3270*: match tn3270 m|^xffxfdx1d| p/IBM Telnet TN3270/ i/3270-REGIME/ * line 4606 in nmap-service-probes
- 24. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 TN3270 Null Probe match -> ‘Match the following’ Tn3270 -> ‘with tn3270’ m|^xffxfdx1d| xffxfdx1d = IAC DO TN3270E p/IBM Telnet TN3270/ = Set to ‘IBM Telnet…’
- 26. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Other Probes • TCP Probes • Send Data, inspect reply • For example Network Job Entry Probe:
- 28. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 NJE Probe • Sends an invalid NJE ‘OPEN’ packet • Waits for either ‘ACK’ or ‘NAK’ in EBCDIC
- 29. Nmap without ServiceProbes
- 30. Nmap WITH ServiceProbes
- 31. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE) • Composed of Libraries and scripts • Over 530 scripts available • 121 Libraries • Uses Lua
- 32. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 NSE Categories AUTH BROADCAST BRUTE DEFAULT DISCOVERY DOS EXPLOIT EXTERNAL FUZZER INTRUSIVE MALWARE SAFE VERSION VULN
- 33. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 TN3270 NSE Library • A ‘virtual’ TN3270 terminal written in Lua • Available: https://github.com/ zedsec390/NMAP • Allows for the following:
- 34. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Invoke • To invoke scripts use the flag --script ( is line continuation in linux) nmap -sV --script tn3270-screen
- 36. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Additional TN3270 Scripts • VTAM Applid Enumeration • TSO: • User ID EnumeraFon • Password Brute Force • CICS: • TransacFon EnumeraFon • User ID EnumeraFon • User Password Brute Forcing
- 37. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Additional TN3270 Scripts • VTAM Applid Enumeration • TSO: • User ID EnumeraFon • Password Brute Force • CICS: • TransacFon EnumeraFon • User ID EnumeraFon • User Password Brute Forcing
- 38. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 TSO User Enumeration • Let’s walk through the arguments: • Note the Libraries: brute & unpwdb Argument Defini5on brute.maxthreads=100 Max number of concurrent connecFons. Set to 100. userdb=‘/tmp/users.txt’ File with usernames you want to test. tso-enum.commands=‘TSOL5’ The command used to get to TSO.
- 39. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 CICS Transaction Enumeration Argument Defini5on brute.maxthreads=100 Max number of concurrent connecFons. Set to 100. idlist=‘/tmp/users.txt’ File with CICS transacFons you’re looking for. cics-enum.commands=‘CICSTS29’ The command used to get to the CICS region. cics-enum.path=‘/home/test’ Successfully idenFfied transacFon screenshots will be placed in this folder.
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- 42. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Metasploit Framework • Developed by H.D. Moore 2003 • Moved to Ruby in 2007 • Created an easy to use exploit platform • Chad Rikansrud (@bigendiansmalls) add JCL and z/OS architecture support in 2016
- 43. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Using MSF • Run ‘msfconsole’ • To list all exploits: show exploits • Run the ONLY z/os ‘exploit’ use exploit/mainframe/ftp/ftp_jcl_creds • Show the options with: show options • Fill in the options you need • Select which ‘payload’ you want to use
- 44. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Set options • Exploit options: Op5on Defini5on FTPUSER User ID to use. FTPPASS Password to use. RHOST FTP Hostname/IP address of target LPAR RPORT FTP port (use Nmap)
- 45. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Metasploit Payload Options Now select a payload: set payload cmd/mainframe/reverse_shell_jcl Change the payload options: Op5on Defini5on LHOST Our Hostname or IP address LPORT The port you want metasploit to open a listener on.
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- 49. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 CICSpwn • Release this year by Ayoul • Relies on CEMT/CEDA transaction IDs (for now) • Uses CEMT to upload and execute JCL/REXX • Can be used to assess CICS and break in to environments • Requires Python 2.7
- 50. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Interesting Options Invoke with: python cicspwn Flag Defini5on -i Gather informaFon -A Test all opFons -s Upload JCL to be executed by CICS user (requires CEMT) --bypass Will bypass RACF if CEDA is available.
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- 54. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Escalation • So far only network based • What happens after access is granted?
- 55. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Some Ideas • Storage ‘scrapers’ to gather system information (think ‘IPLINFO’ but built in to metasploit) • Automated APF tools to attempt privilege escalation through zapping APF authorized modules • Data dumping tools to grab all datasets • SMP/E corruption
- 56. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Why Not? • Make your own tools? I’d prefer the tools come with what the experts need, so they have it without knowing about it
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- 58. VANGUARD SECURITY &COMPLIANCE 2016 Thank you! SECURITY & COMPLIANCE CONFERENCE 2016