Fluoride is a mineral found in nature that helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevents tooth decay. It can be delivered topically through products like toothpaste and mouthwash, or systemically through drinking water, salt, and supplements. Topical forms are self-applied and have lower fluoride concentrations, while systemic forms provide longer-term, low levels of fluoride. Fluoride reduces cavities by 50-70% and helps build stronger teeth, but overexposure can cause dental fluorosis with white spots or pitting on teeth. Treatment depends on the severity of fluorosis and may include bleaching, composite restorations, veneers or crowns.