admin
Sticky Note
- the process of inversion is shown in the figure on next page 1-A and in Fig. 2.1 (GeomathBook.pdf, p. 22/153)
- ie., it is an artform with subjective and quantitative objective components
admin
Sticky Note
In math, science, and engineering, the 'inverse problem' of relating data observations to unknown elements or coefficients of a model is a 'process' commonly called 'inversion'.
However, other names may be used depending on the application - eg., it may be called
=> blackbox analysis in physics
=> factor analysis in social sciences
=> forward and inverse modeling in geophysics
=> or simply modeling in any dicipline
=> trial-and-error analysis
=> deconvolution in signal processing and engineering
=> ????? in geodesy?
=> etc.
admin
Sticky Note
AX is the linear or non-linear forward model,
so that AX = B + 'errors', where
B is the observed data set,
admin
Sticky Note
A is the system input or design matrix,
admin
Sticky Note
and X is the impluse response or set of unknown blackbox coefficients that the inversion seeks to determine
admin
Sticky Note
The essence of any inverse problem is the forward model = AX,
which in practice is always processed by linear digital operations.
admin
Sticky Note
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS - pretty much where most modern developments in inversion analysis are concentrated.
admin
Sticky Note
the most meaningful set of solution coefficients
admin
Sticky Note
translating (ie., rationalizing) the best set of solution coefficients into 'new' information on the conceptual model - usually augmented with digital graphics.
admin
Sticky Note
Inversion examples of conceptual and mathematical models are shown on page 2-A below and in Fig. 2.2 (GeomathBook.pdf, p. 23/153)
admin
Sticky Note
Conceptual models are imagined simplifications of reality
admin
Sticky Note
Mathematical models are the further simplified expressions of conceptual models
admin
Sticky Note
joint inversions would obtain density and velocity solutions that satisfy both gravity and seismic observations
admin
Sticky Note
always
admin
Sticky Note
always
admin
Sticky Note
always
admin
Sticky Note
=> eg., the data set is improperly 'scaled' relative to computer's working precision
=> for example, the inverse problem is improperly posed to find angstrom scale variations in observations that are known only to nearest kilometer, etc.
admin
Sticky Note
Figure on page 8-A below shows examples of model 'appropriateness' relative to inversion 'objectives'
admin
Sticky Note
Inversion (ie., modeling) objectives dictate the mathematical model that should be invoked - or model 'appropriateness'
In other words, the forward model should
- not be overly complex numerically so as to waste computational resources,
- or too simple numerically so as not to achieve the inversion objective.
- Rather, it should be just right or 'optimal' so that the inversion objective is achieved with 'minimum' resource expenditu.
clear allclc Ex2-1 A) Compute the 5 gravity profiles.docxmonicafrancis71118
clear all
clc
%% Ex2-1 A)
% Compute the 5 gravity profiles
d=[-34 -20 0 20 35]; % in km
z=[2 3 5 10 10]; % in km
R=[2 1 3 4 3.5]; % in km
dro=[3.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 1.5]; % in gm/cm^3
gz=(41.93*dro.*R.^2./z)./(d.^2./z.^2+1);
d_itv=-100:1:100;
gz1=(41.93*dro(1)*R(1)^2/z(1))./(d_itv.^2./z(1)^2+1);
gz2=(41.93*dro(2)*R(2)^2/z(2))./(d_itv.^2./z(2)^2+1);
gz3=(41.93*dro(3)*R(3)^2/z(3))./(d_itv.^2./z(3)^2+1);
gz4=(41.93*dro(4)*R(4)^2/z(4))./(d_itv.^2./z(4)^2+1);
gz5=(41.93*dro(5)*R(5)^2/z(5))./(d_itv.^2./z(5)^2+1);
d1=d_itv+d(1);
d2=d_itv+d(2);
d3=d_itv+d(3);
d4=d_itv+d(4);
d5=d_itv+d(5);
index1=find(abs(d1)<=64);
index2=find(abs(d2)<=64);
index3=find(abs(d3)<=64);
index4=find(abs(d4)<=64);
index5=find(abs(d5)<=64);
% Plot the 5 gravity superimposed
figure(1)
plot(d1(index1), gz1(index1));
hold on;
plot(d2(index2), gz2(index2));
hold on;
plot(d3(index3), gz3(index3));
hold on;
plot(d4(index4), gz4(index4));
hold on;
plot(d5(index5), gz5(index5));
hold off
title('Gravity Profiles', 'FontSize', 20);
xlabel('Distance (km)', 'FontSize', 15);
ylabel('Gravity (mgal)', 'FontSize', 15);
legend('Cylinder 1','Cylinder 2','Cylinder 3','Cylinder 4','Cylinder 5');
%% Ex2-1 B)
% Compute the total gravity effect of the 5 cylinders by summing their
% effects at each observation point on the profile
g=gz1(index1)+gz2(index2)+gz3(index3)+gz4(index4)+gz5(index5);
% mean value
average = sum(g)/length(g)
% standard deviation
std=sqrt(sum((g-average).^2)/length(g))
% Plot the total gravity effect
figure(2)
plot(d1(index1),g);
hold on
plot(d1(index1),repmat(average,length(index1),1));
title('Total Gravity From Five Cylinders', 'FontSize', 20);
xlabel('Distance (km)', 'FontSize', 15);
ylabel('Gravity (mgal)', 'FontSize', 15);
%% Ex2-1 C)
A1=((41.93*R(1)^2/z(1))./(d_itv.^2./z(1)^2+1))';
B1=gz1';
dro1=inv(A1'*A1)*A1'*B1;
A2=((41.93*R(2)^2/z(2))./(d_itv.^2./z(2)^2+1))';
B2=gz2';
dro2=inv(A2'*A2)*A2'*B2;
A3=((41.93*R(3)^2/z(3))./(d_itv.^2./z(3)^2+1))';
B3=gz3';
dro3=inv(A3'*A3)*A3'*B3;
A4=((41.93*R(4)^2/z(4))./(d_itv.^2./z(4)^2+1))';
B4=gz4';
dro4=inv(A4'*A4)*A4'*B4;
A5=((41.93*R(5)^2/z(5))./(d_itv.^2./z(5)^2+1))';
B5=gz5';
dro5=inv(A5'*A5)*A5'*B5;
%% Ex2-1 D)
% lower lower triangular matrix L
L1 = chol(A1'*A1,'lower');
L2 = chol(A2'*A2,'lower');
L3 = chol(A3'*A3,'lower');
L4 = chol(A4'*A4,'lower');
L5 = chol(A5'*A5,'lower');
% coefficients of P
P1=inv(L1)*A1'*B1;
P2=inv(L2)*A2'*B2;
P3=inv(L3)*A3'*B3;
P4=inv(L4)*A4'*B4;
P5=inv(L5)*A5'*B5;
% least square estimates of dro
dro1_CF=inv(L1*L1')*L1*P1;
dro2_CF=inv(L2*L2')*L2*P2;
dro3_CF=inv(L3*L3')*L3*P3;
dro4_CF=inv(L4*L4')*L4*P4;
dro5_CF=inv(L5*L5')*L5*P5;
Roles of Managers and Individuals Paper
Prepare a 700-800 word paper assessing the various roles of managers and individuals in the change process.
· Include an examination with detailed descriptions and examples of:
· two types of change agents (Human and Non-Human)
· a manager’s role in combating resistance
· a manager’s role in championing change.
admin
Sticky Not.
An Efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography Arithmetic Using Nikhilam Multiplica...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography Arithmetic Using Nikhilam Multiplica...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
clear allclc Ex2-1 A) Compute the 5 gravity profiles.docxmonicafrancis71118
clear all
clc
%% Ex2-1 A)
% Compute the 5 gravity profiles
d=[-34 -20 0 20 35]; % in km
z=[2 3 5 10 10]; % in km
R=[2 1 3 4 3.5]; % in km
dro=[3.0 5.0 1.0 2.0 1.5]; % in gm/cm^3
gz=(41.93*dro.*R.^2./z)./(d.^2./z.^2+1);
d_itv=-100:1:100;
gz1=(41.93*dro(1)*R(1)^2/z(1))./(d_itv.^2./z(1)^2+1);
gz2=(41.93*dro(2)*R(2)^2/z(2))./(d_itv.^2./z(2)^2+1);
gz3=(41.93*dro(3)*R(3)^2/z(3))./(d_itv.^2./z(3)^2+1);
gz4=(41.93*dro(4)*R(4)^2/z(4))./(d_itv.^2./z(4)^2+1);
gz5=(41.93*dro(5)*R(5)^2/z(5))./(d_itv.^2./z(5)^2+1);
d1=d_itv+d(1);
d2=d_itv+d(2);
d3=d_itv+d(3);
d4=d_itv+d(4);
d5=d_itv+d(5);
index1=find(abs(d1)<=64);
index2=find(abs(d2)<=64);
index3=find(abs(d3)<=64);
index4=find(abs(d4)<=64);
index5=find(abs(d5)<=64);
% Plot the 5 gravity superimposed
figure(1)
plot(d1(index1), gz1(index1));
hold on;
plot(d2(index2), gz2(index2));
hold on;
plot(d3(index3), gz3(index3));
hold on;
plot(d4(index4), gz4(index4));
hold on;
plot(d5(index5), gz5(index5));
hold off
title('Gravity Profiles', 'FontSize', 20);
xlabel('Distance (km)', 'FontSize', 15);
ylabel('Gravity (mgal)', 'FontSize', 15);
legend('Cylinder 1','Cylinder 2','Cylinder 3','Cylinder 4','Cylinder 5');
%% Ex2-1 B)
% Compute the total gravity effect of the 5 cylinders by summing their
% effects at each observation point on the profile
g=gz1(index1)+gz2(index2)+gz3(index3)+gz4(index4)+gz5(index5);
% mean value
average = sum(g)/length(g)
% standard deviation
std=sqrt(sum((g-average).^2)/length(g))
% Plot the total gravity effect
figure(2)
plot(d1(index1),g);
hold on
plot(d1(index1),repmat(average,length(index1),1));
title('Total Gravity From Five Cylinders', 'FontSize', 20);
xlabel('Distance (km)', 'FontSize', 15);
ylabel('Gravity (mgal)', 'FontSize', 15);
%% Ex2-1 C)
A1=((41.93*R(1)^2/z(1))./(d_itv.^2./z(1)^2+1))';
B1=gz1';
dro1=inv(A1'*A1)*A1'*B1;
A2=((41.93*R(2)^2/z(2))./(d_itv.^2./z(2)^2+1))';
B2=gz2';
dro2=inv(A2'*A2)*A2'*B2;
A3=((41.93*R(3)^2/z(3))./(d_itv.^2./z(3)^2+1))';
B3=gz3';
dro3=inv(A3'*A3)*A3'*B3;
A4=((41.93*R(4)^2/z(4))./(d_itv.^2./z(4)^2+1))';
B4=gz4';
dro4=inv(A4'*A4)*A4'*B4;
A5=((41.93*R(5)^2/z(5))./(d_itv.^2./z(5)^2+1))';
B5=gz5';
dro5=inv(A5'*A5)*A5'*B5;
%% Ex2-1 D)
% lower lower triangular matrix L
L1 = chol(A1'*A1,'lower');
L2 = chol(A2'*A2,'lower');
L3 = chol(A3'*A3,'lower');
L4 = chol(A4'*A4,'lower');
L5 = chol(A5'*A5,'lower');
% coefficients of P
P1=inv(L1)*A1'*B1;
P2=inv(L2)*A2'*B2;
P3=inv(L3)*A3'*B3;
P4=inv(L4)*A4'*B4;
P5=inv(L5)*A5'*B5;
% least square estimates of dro
dro1_CF=inv(L1*L1')*L1*P1;
dro2_CF=inv(L2*L2')*L2*P2;
dro3_CF=inv(L3*L3')*L3*P3;
dro4_CF=inv(L4*L4')*L4*P4;
dro5_CF=inv(L5*L5')*L5*P5;
Roles of Managers and Individuals Paper
Prepare a 700-800 word paper assessing the various roles of managers and individuals in the change process.
· Include an examination with detailed descriptions and examples of:
· two types of change agents (Human and Non-Human)
· a manager’s role in combating resistance
· a manager’s role in championing change.
admin
Sticky Not.
An Efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography Arithmetic Using Nikhilam Multiplica...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Efficient Elliptic Curve Cryptography Arithmetic Using Nikhilam Multiplica...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2018-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
I am Demi Jenkins.I love exploring new topics. Academic writing seemed an exciting option for me. After working for many years with matlabassignmentexperts.com, I have assisted many students with their assignments. I can proudly say, each student I have served is happy with the quality of the solution that I have provided. I acquired my master's from Stanford University, USA.
Assignment 2 FederalismThe system of federalism was instituted wi.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Federalism
The system of federalism was instituted with the writing and authorization of the Constitution in 1787. In dividing power between states and the national government, federalism has undergone challenges to the placement of power. Should power reside primarily in national or in state government? The Civil War was the most dramatic challenge to the placement of power. Southern states argued, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, that states’ power superseded national power, while northern states, under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, stressed the need for union under the leadership and direction of the national government.
In the more than two hundred years since the Constitution’s adoption, there have been many changes to the meaning of federalism, with power shifting between state and national governments. In the twentieth century, the shifts of power became largely associated with the national government’s ability to provide increased funding sources. With more funding available, the national government has expanded its impact on all areas of state governments. This increased power has had many advocates and many detractors, each with strong justifications.
Research federalism using your textbook, the online library resources, and the Internet. Write a paper on federalism. Structure your paper as follows:
Define federalism.
Explain three advantages of federalism.
Explain three disadvantages of federalism.
Identify and describe at least two ways in which American federalism has changed since the ratification of the Constitution.
Discuss one advantage or disadvantage of federalism most relevant to you.
Describe the relationship between contemporary politics and trends in the size and power of the federal government.
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work.
.
Assignment 2 FederalismThe system of federalism was instituted .docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Federalism
The system of federalism was instituted with the writing and authorization of the Constitution in 1787. In dividing power between states and the national government, federalism has undergone challenges to the placement of power. Should power reside primarily in national or in state government? The Civil War was the most dramatic challenge to the placement of power. Southern states argued, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, that states’ power superseded national power, while northern states, under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, stressed the need for union under the leadership and direction of the national government.
In the more than two hundred years since the Constitution’s adoption, there have been many changes to the meaning of federalism, with power shifting between state and national governments. In the twentieth century, the shifts of power became largely associated with the national government’s ability to provide increased funding sources. With more funding available, the national government has expanded its impact on all areas of state governments. This increased power has had many advocates and many detractors, each with strong justifications.
Research federalism using your textbook, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet. Write a paper on federalism. Structure your paper as follows:
Define federalism.
Explain three advantages of federalism.
Explain three disadvantages of federalism.
Identify and describe at least two ways in which American federalism has changed since the ratification of the Constitution.
Discuss one advantage or disadvantage of federalism most relevant to you.
Describe the relationship between contemporary politics and trends in the size and power of the federal government.
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
By
Wednesday, July 30, 2014
, deliver your assignment to the
M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant advantages and disadvantages of federalism are identified and explained.
20
Significant changes in American federalism are identified and explained.
16
Impact of federalism to your life is identified and discussed objectively.
12
Impact of size and power of the federal government of contemporary politics is accurately identified and explained.
20
Statements are supported by reasons and research information.
12
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
More Related Content
Similar to adminSticky Note- the process of inversion is shown in .docx
https://telecombcn-dl.github.io/2018-dlai/
Deep learning technologies are at the core of the current revolution in artificial intelligence for multimedia data analysis. The convergence of large-scale annotated datasets and affordable GPU hardware has allowed the training of neural networks for data analysis tasks which were previously addressed with hand-crafted features. Architectures such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks or Q-nets for reinforcement learning have shaped a brand new scenario in signal processing. This course will cover the basic principles of deep learning from both an algorithmic and computational perspectives.
I am Demi Jenkins.I love exploring new topics. Academic writing seemed an exciting option for me. After working for many years with matlabassignmentexperts.com, I have assisted many students with their assignments. I can proudly say, each student I have served is happy with the quality of the solution that I have provided. I acquired my master's from Stanford University, USA.
Assignment 2 FederalismThe system of federalism was instituted wi.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Federalism
The system of federalism was instituted with the writing and authorization of the Constitution in 1787. In dividing power between states and the national government, federalism has undergone challenges to the placement of power. Should power reside primarily in national or in state government? The Civil War was the most dramatic challenge to the placement of power. Southern states argued, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, that states’ power superseded national power, while northern states, under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, stressed the need for union under the leadership and direction of the national government.
In the more than two hundred years since the Constitution’s adoption, there have been many changes to the meaning of federalism, with power shifting between state and national governments. In the twentieth century, the shifts of power became largely associated with the national government’s ability to provide increased funding sources. With more funding available, the national government has expanded its impact on all areas of state governments. This increased power has had many advocates and many detractors, each with strong justifications.
Research federalism using your textbook, the online library resources, and the Internet. Write a paper on federalism. Structure your paper as follows:
Define federalism.
Explain three advantages of federalism.
Explain three disadvantages of federalism.
Identify and describe at least two ways in which American federalism has changed since the ratification of the Constitution.
Discuss one advantage or disadvantage of federalism most relevant to you.
Describe the relationship between contemporary politics and trends in the size and power of the federal government.
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work.
.
Assignment 2 FederalismThe system of federalism was instituted .docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Federalism
The system of federalism was instituted with the writing and authorization of the Constitution in 1787. In dividing power between states and the national government, federalism has undergone challenges to the placement of power. Should power reside primarily in national or in state government? The Civil War was the most dramatic challenge to the placement of power. Southern states argued, under the leadership of John C. Calhoun, that states’ power superseded national power, while northern states, under the leadership of President Abraham Lincoln, stressed the need for union under the leadership and direction of the national government.
In the more than two hundred years since the Constitution’s adoption, there have been many changes to the meaning of federalism, with power shifting between state and national governments. In the twentieth century, the shifts of power became largely associated with the national government’s ability to provide increased funding sources. With more funding available, the national government has expanded its impact on all areas of state governments. This increased power has had many advocates and many detractors, each with strong justifications.
Research federalism using your textbook, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet. Write a paper on federalism. Structure your paper as follows:
Define federalism.
Explain three advantages of federalism.
Explain three disadvantages of federalism.
Identify and describe at least two ways in which American federalism has changed since the ratification of the Constitution.
Discuss one advantage or disadvantage of federalism most relevant to you.
Describe the relationship between contemporary politics and trends in the size and power of the federal government.
Write a 2–3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards for writing style to your work. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M2_A2.doc.
By
Wednesday, July 30, 2014
, deliver your assignment to the
M2: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant advantages and disadvantages of federalism are identified and explained.
20
Significant changes in American federalism are identified and explained.
16
Impact of federalism to your life is identified and discussed objectively.
12
Impact of size and power of the federal government of contemporary politics is accurately identified and explained.
20
Statements are supported by reasons and research information.
12
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Evidence Based Practice at Good Seed Drop-InAcco.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Evidence Based Practice at Good Seed Drop-In
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 4: Engage In Practice-informed Research and Research-informed Practice:
Social workers understand quantitative and qualitative research methods and their respective roles in advancing a science of social work and in evaluating their practice. Social workers know the principles of logic, scientific inquiry, and culturally informed and ethical approaches to building knowledge. Social workers understand that evidence that informs practice derives from multi-disciplinary sources and multiple ways of knowing.
They also understand the processes for translating research findings into effective practice. Social workers:
Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research;
Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methods and research findings; and
Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and service delivery.
This assignment is intended to help students demonstrate the behavioral components of this competency in their field education.
To Prepare: Meet with your Field Instructor. During the meeting, you are expected to assess the population(s) served by the agency. After meeting with the Field Instructor, conduct extensive research regarding the agency’s client population. You will be expected to use at least 5 peer-reviewed resources. The purpose of the research is to discover “evidenced based practices” that are most effective while working with clients served within the population. If the agency serves more than one population, select one sub-population within the agency to conduct the review.
(Homeless youth from 18-25 years-old, Population Served Transition Aged Youth or "TAY")
The Assignment: Create a 10-12 slide PowerPoint Presentation, where you will explain the following:
1. Population researched
2. Best evidenced based practices modalities used to engage the population
3. Current modalities used in the agency
4. Briefly discuss and suggest to methods of implementing evidence-based practices in the agency
5. Analyze the findings from the articles you researched
Note: You are expected to use a minimum of five references.
Assignment 2: Evidence Based
.
Assignment 2 Evidence Based PracticeAccording to the Council .docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Evidence Based Practice
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 4: Engage In Practice-informed Research and Research-informed Practice:
Social workers understand quantitative and qualitative research methods and their respective roles in advancing a science of social work and in evaluating their practice. Social workers know the principles of logic, scientific inquiry, and culturally informed and ethical approaches to building knowledge. Social workers understand that evidence that informs practice derives from multi-disciplinary sources and multiple ways of knowing. They also understand the processes for translating research findings into effective practice. Social workers:
· Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research;
· Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methods and research findings; and
· Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and service delivery.
This assignment is intended to help students demonstrate the behavioral components of this competency in their field education.
To Prepare:
· Assess the population(s) served by the agency. My agency works with at risk youth and their families in Indiana. The at risk youth and/or their families are referred to my agency by the Indiana Department of Child Services due to reports of child abuse and/or neglect. My agency provides Parenting classes, Father Engagement classes, mental health therapy, supervised visitation, and home-based case management services to our clients.
· Conduct extensive research regarding the agency’s client population.
· Use at least 5 peer-reviewed resources.
· Discover “evidenced based practices” that are most effective while working with clients served within the population.
The Assignment: Create a 10-12 slide PowerPoint Presentation, where you will explain the following:
1. Population researched
2. Best evidenced based practices modalities used to engage the population
3. Current modalities used in the agency
4. Briefly discuss and suggest to methods of implementing evidence-based practices in the agency
5. Analyze the findings from the articles you researched
Note: You are expected to use a minimum of five references. References should be from 2013-2019.
Research class Discussion Board due date January 11
The Essentials of Master's Education in Nursing reelects the profession's continuing call for imagination, transformative thinking, and evolutionary change. Explain the importance of following the essentials of Master's Education in Nursing in a clinical nurse practitioner program such as the “Florida National University “? Please select one of the essentials and expand as to why the selected essential is crucial in succeeding in this program. (Essentials I-IX)
Discussion Rubric
The initial post will be regarding the topic of the week and will be a minimum of 250 words. Make sure you pr.
Assignment 2 Evidence Based PracticeAccording to the Council on.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Evidence Based Practice
According to the Council on Social Work Education, Competency 4: Engage In Practice-informed Research and Research-informed Practice:
Social workers understand quantitative and qualitative research methods and their respective roles in advancing a science of social work and in evaluating their practice. Social workers know the principles of logic, scientific inquiry, and culturally informed and ethical approaches to building knowledge. Social workers understand that evidence that informs practice derives from multi-disciplinary sources and multiple ways of knowing. They also understand the processes for translating research findings into effective practice. Social workers:
Use practice experience and theory to inform scientific inquiry and research;
Apply critical thinking to engage in analysis of quantitative and qualitative research methods and research findings; and
Use and translate research evidence to inform and improve practice, policy, and service delivery.
This assignment is intended to help students demonstrate the behavioral components of this competency in their field education.
To Prepare
: Meet with your Field Instructor. During the meeting, you are expected to assess the population(s) served by the agency. After meeting with the Field Instructor, conduct extensive research regarding the agency’s client population. You will be expected to use
at least
5 peer-reviewed resources. The purpose of the research is to discover “evidenced based practices” that are most effective while working with clients served within the population. If the agency serves more than one population, select one sub-population within the agency to conduct the review.
The Assignment: Create a 10-12 slide PowerPoint Presentation, where you will explain the following:
Population researched
Best evidenced based practices modalities used to engage the population
Current modalities used in the agency
Briefly discuss and suggest to methods of implementing evidence-based practices in the agency
Analyze the findings from the articles you researched
.
Assignment 2 Examining DifferencesIn this module, we examined cri.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Examining Differences
In this module, we examined crimes against persons, crimes against property, and white-collar crimes. These crimes are all treated differently by the legislature as well as the media. These differences are a reflection of how society views them. As you consider these differences, you should also consider how these differences have evolved over time.
Tasks:
Prepare a 3- to 5-page report that describes all of the following points:
The differences in the treatment of each type of crime by the legislature. Explore the different crime levels (misdemeanor
vs.
felony) and different punishments.
The differences in the descriptions utilized by the media. How does the media depict the different types of criminals? Have there been any changes?
The differences in the theoretical applications for these types of crimes. How do the theories differentiate between these types of criminal behavior?
Submission Details:
Save your report as M4_A2_Lastname_Firstname.doc.
By
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
, submit your document to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified differences between crime levels in terms of classification and punishment.
20
Analyzed the role of the media in crime depiction and descriptions.
28
Explained differences among theoretical applications.
32
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in the accurate representation and attribution of sources; and used accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
.
Assignment 2 Ethics and Emerging TechnologiesRead the following.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Ethics and Emerging Technologies
Read the following paper from the online library:
Neelakantan, M., & Armstrong, A. (2006). Source code, object code, and The Da Vinci code: The debate on intellectual property protection for software programs.
Computer & Internet Lawyer, 23
(10), 1 – 5
Read the paper to identify the reasons for which Intellectual Property Right (IPR) laws in software are not always effective.
Conduct online research on the Internet to identify at least two examples of international regulatory protocols to prevent IPR infringement in software programs.
Create a three-page double-spaced business research article on the legal and ethical implications of IPR violation in software programming. Use the following format:
Page 1:
Reasons for IPR violations in software development
Page 2:
Ethical implications of IPR violations in software development
Page 3:
International regulations for IPR violations in software development
All written assignments and responses should follow APA rules for attributing sources.
Must be original work as it will be submitted to TURNITIN
Due By
Thursday, April 11, 2013, by 5 PM PST
.
.
Assignment 2 Ethical Issues and Foreign InvestmentsBy Friday, A.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Ethical Issues and Foreign Investments
By
Friday, April 18, 2014
, analyze the following scenario:
There are multifaceted ethical issues relating to international investments. One aspect relates to human rights. Most Latin American governments have constitutions that mandate health care as a human right, yet some of these countries provide poor health care for the majority of their population.
During the 1980s, the general populace of these countries deteriorated, even though several Latin American countries developed strategies to reposition medical personnel and services to rural areas. Throughout this time, many international donors provided assistance; however they did so with imposed conditions. An example of this constrained assistance was the World Bank, which imposed restrictions that included privatization of health care, as well as required limitations on universal access.
Did the World Bank and other international donors act responsibly and ethically in constraining their humanitarian assistance? Who has the responsibility for the health care of the Latin American people? Is it a reasonable and socially responsible practice to offer international assistance in exchange for an opportunity to shape a country's political and/or social system? Why or why not?
By
Saturday, April 19, 2014
respond to the discussion question assigned by the faculty. Submit your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, April 23, 2014.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
Assignment 2 Ethical BehaviorIdentify a case in the news that y.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Ethical Behavior
Identify a case in the news that you feel displays unethical police behaviors. In a 3-page written research informative paper, answer the following questions in detail with support from research and examples. Your paper should be written in APA format and style, include a title and reference page, and include at least 2 resources, one of which can be your textbook.
Identify the case and describe when and where it occurred. Be sure to summarize the case thoroughly.
Identify at least 2 unethical behaviors from the case and explain why they are unethical.
Explain whether any of the behaviors violate any criminal laws.
Explain whether any behaviors violate the Constitutional rights of the defendant.
.
Assignment 2 Ethical (Moral) RelativismIn America, many are comfo.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Ethical (Moral) Relativism
In America, many are comfortable describing ethics as follows: “Well, what’s right for me is right for me and what’s right for you is right for you. Let’s just agree to disagree.” This is an affirmation of what philosophers call
individual
or
subjective moral relativism
. In this understanding of relativism, morality is a matter of individual feelings and personal preference. In individual moral relativism, the determination of what is right and wrong in a situation varies according to the individual. Moral relativists do not believe in natural law or universal truths.
Cultural moral relativism
puts culture at the forefront of relative ethical decision-making. It says the individual must include the precepts of his or her culture as a prominent part of the relativistic moral action.
Lawrence
Kohlberg,
a prominent psychologist known for recognizing moral stages of development, takes it a step farther saying cultural relativists are persons stuck in the “
Conventional
Stage” of ethical development
.
In your paper, please define individual moral relativism and cultural moral relativism in detail, noting how they differ from each other, their strengths and weaknesses, and give your position on Kohlberg’s stance on ethical relativism.
What aspects of ethical relativism do you identify and agree with? What aspects do you disagree with? Give a personal example that illustrates your stance on ethical relativism, describing how you made a moral decision in an ethical dilemma. Include at least two references to support your thoughts.
Post a 500-word paper to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by due
Wednesday, July 9, 2014
. All written assignments and responses should follow proper citation rules for attributing sources. Please use Microsoft Word spelling/grammar checker. Be mindful of plagiarism policies.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Significant critical analysis of individual ethical relativism, cultural ethical relativism, and Kohlberg’s position; including definitions, strengths, and weaknesses.
36
Described personal ethical stances on each form of relativism in relation to own personal ethical system, including whether and how personal ethical system is compatible or incompatible with relativism.
24
Used a personal example to illustrate and support stance on ethical relativism in relation to own ethical system.
16
Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate scholarly examples and at least two references from texts, Web sites, and other references.
4
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 Essay Power in Swift and Moliere Both Moliere and S.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Essay: Power in Swift and Moliere
Both Moliere and Swift use humor to provide an analysis of serious social problems. In doing so, they both describe various types and uses of power, from the governmental power that restores Orgon’s property and the English laws that do not take into account the conditions of the Irish, to the power that a landlord holds over a renter or a father over a family, to the exercise of religion and wealth within a community, to the wishes and desires of the young, and more.
Your task is to identify at least two types of power in our readings for this module. You may use either
Tartuffe
or
A Modest Proposal
, or a mix of both. Once you have found two types of power, determine who you think has the power and how that power is exercised. Where is each power abused? What checks or limits are placed on each type of power? Be sure to cite examples from your readings to support your claims.
Submit your assignment to the
M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Wednesday, August 13, 2014
.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Identified two uses of power in this module’s readings.
24
Described who has each type of power and how their power is exercised (citing examples in the text).
28
Identified at least one example of how each power is misused and any limitations on the power that is being misused.
28
Justified ideas and responses by using appropriate examples and references from texts, Web sites, and other references or personal experience. Followed APA rules for attributing sources.
20
Total:
100
.
Assignment 2 E taxonomy· Information TechnologyInformatio.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2 E taxonomy
· Information Technology:
Information Technology is an important and intelligent field of study, which is a broad field that is all about computing technology, information, and "people" especially in issues that are related to the users and meeting their needs of technology. In general, information technology is applying, managing, and supporting the technology used in solving problems. In addition, information technology is a study that mainly focuses on solving problems by using technology and computing. Information technology focuses on how to satisfy users by presenting new uses of technologies.
· A “taxonomy” of information technology:
I. People: people provide intelligence of the systems and use technology to solve their problems, by getting the benefits of technology, which are efficiency and productivity.
1. Users:
· Definition: People who use technology in their work or anything else in their life.
· Examples: engineers, students, and some medical specialties…etc.
2. Programmer:
· Definition: People who program computer software, by giving the computer systems instructions to perform a given action.
· Examples: PHP, Java, HTML, or SQL programmers.
3. IT professionals:
· Definition: IT professionals define as applying, managing, and supporting the technology used in solving problems.
· Concerned about: Implementation, configuration, and maintenance.
· Goal: Solving problems by processing data into information.
· IT professionals should provide:
· Productivity.
· Efficiency.
· Origin of IT professionals:
a) Meaning of anything is linked to its origin.
b) The main reason is people created a tool to solve a problem.
1. Calculation:
· William Schickard:
· 17th century.
· In Germany.
· Conceived a design of a mechanical calculator.
· Blaise Pascal:
· 1640s.
· In France.
· Built his machine to help his father in calculation.
2. Automatic Execution:
· Jacquard:
· 1810s.
· In France.
· A mechanical loom.
3. Automatic Logic:
· George Boole:
· In 1850s.
· In Ireland.
· Envisioned the Laws of Thought
· Boolean algebra (AND, OR, XOR, NOT)
a) AND (0 0=0, 0 1=0, 1 0=0, 1 1=1)
b) OR (0 0=0, 0 1=1, 1 0=1, 1 1=1)
c) XOR (0 0=0, 0 1 =1, 1 0=1, 1 1= 1)
d) NOT (0=1, 1=1)
4. General purpose:
· Charles Babages (grandfather of computer age):
· 18th century.
· In England.
· Designed the Difference Engine.
· Augusta Ada (one of the first programmers):
· 18th century.
· In England.
· Interpreter of Babbage's works.
· What should IT professionals know?
1. People and ethics.
· It’s related to understanding other people.
· Behave in ethical ways.
2. Users needs.
· What do you need to solve users problems?
· Users centric design.
3. Problems solving.
· Improve that by doing it (practice).
· Problem solving steps:
a) Understand the problem.
b) Planning the solutions.
c) Create algorithms.
d) Test the algorithms.
· Develop knowledge to get some expertise.
· Practice to gain experience.
4. How to use tools.
· Use technologi.
Assignment 2 Dropbox AssignmentCurrent Trends and Issues in Manag.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Dropbox Assignment
Current Trends and Issues in Managed Care
Compensation and reimbursement models are another method of controlling access, cost, and quality in a managed care environment. An MCO doesn't have direct control over physicians or hospitals but through contractual agreements that set incentives for meeting agreed-upon standards, it can exert influence.
This week, you are required to write an essay on the following topics:
Managed care hospital reimbursement
Managed care provider reimbursement
Using South University Online library (e.g. CINAHL) or the Internet, review at least two articles for each topic and write a review for each source of information. Use the following guidelines for developing your essay:
Write a summary for each topic tying together the information learned about that topic.
Analyze the market forces that would favor using one reimbursement method over another.
Evaluate the key differences between different types of payment methodologies from the provider and hospital point of view.
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the payment methodologies reviewed from the provider and hospital point of view.
Evaluate new payment methodologies resulting from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) and discuss future changes in reimbursement methodologies.
Compare and contrast each article to the information discussed in the course textbook.
Based on your understanding, create a 3- to 4-page Microsoft Word document that includes the answers to the questions for the above topics.
Support your responses with examples.
Cite any sources in APA format.
Submission Details
Name your document SU_HSC3020_W4_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc.
Submit your document to the
W4 Assignment 2 Dropbox
by
Tuesday, January 14, 2014
.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion—The Impact of CommunicationRemember a tim.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Discussion—The Impact of Communication
Remember a time when you did not have a cell phone? Do you remember the days before texting? This handy pocket technology has revolutionized how we stay connected and how we access and use information today. The growth of our technological society is directly related to the rate at which information can be exchanged. In general, this exchange of information is called communication.
Respond to the following:
Explain the scientific and technical concepts related to communication.
Which types of electromagnetic radiation are typically involved in the process of communication?
How is information transmitted?
What are the main differences between wired and wireless communications?
Describe your perspective on communication technology such as wireless communication, the Internet, and smart phone technology.
Provide at least three examples of communication technology you use in your daily life. Examine the underlying scientific concepts used in this technology.
Consider the developments that have led to the United States’ current infrastructure and make a prediction of the future of communication in society.
Support your statements with examples. Provide a minimum of two scholarly references.
Write your initial response in 3–4 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By
Sunday, August 31, 2014
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, September 3, 2014
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion—Technology and GlobalizationYour Module.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Discussion—Technology and Globalization
Your
Module 1
readings provide insight into the impact of technology on global business. Technological innovations such as the Internet, wireless technology, broadband, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), global positional systems (GPSs), social media, videoconferencing, and others have changed the way we do global business.
Use your module readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet to research the impact of technology on global business.
Then, respond to the following:
Describe how changes in technology contributed to the globalization of markets.
Explain how the Internet affects international business activity and the globalization of the world economy.
Write your initial response in 300–500 words. Your response should be thorough and address all components of the discussion question in detail, include citations of all sources, where needed, according to the APA Style, and demonstrate accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation
Do the following when responding to your peers:
Read your peers’ answers.
Provide substantive comments by
contributing new, relevant information from course readings, Web sites, or other sources;
building on the remarks or questions of others; or
sharing practical examples of key concepts from your professional or personal experiences
Respond to feedback on your posting and provide feedback to other students on their ideas.
Make sure your writing
is clear, concise, and organized;
demonstrates ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and
displays accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
Grading Criteria
Assignment Components
Max Points
Initial response was:
Insightful, original, accurate, and timely.
Substantive and demonstrated advanced understanding of concepts.
Compiled/synthesized theories and concepts drawn from a variety of sources to support statements and conclusions.
16
Discussion Response and Participation:
Responded to a minimum of two peers in a timely manner.
Offered points of view supported by research.
Asked challenging questions that promoted discussion.
Drew relationships between one or more points in the discussion.
16
Writing:
Wrote in a clear, concise, formal, and organized manner.
Responses were error free.
Information from sources, where applicable, was paraphrased appropriately and accurately cited.
8
Total:
40
.
Assignment 2 Discussion—Providing GuidanceThe Genesis team has re.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Discussion—Providing Guidance
The Genesis team has reviewed the guidelines and models that can be used to assist in determining the appropriate mix of debt and equity financing. However, they are yet undecided and request additional literature that would help them make an informed decision.
Research module readings, Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet to identify tools, resources, and readings to help educate the Genesis operations management team.
Address the following:
How will these resources help them and further support the recommendations or guidelines you are creating on their behalf?
Write your initial response in 3–4 paragraphs. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion—Munger’s Mental ModelsIn his article A L.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Discussion—Munger’s Mental Models
In his article “A Lesson on Elementary, Worldly Wisdom as it Relates to Investment Management & Business,” Charles Munger (1995) wrote about tools, techniques, and critical skills that great managers need to develop.
Consider Munger’s thoughts on the importance of mental models. Respond to the following:
In your own words, describe what Munger means by mental models.
Examine how Munger’s concept of mental models has changed your ideas of decision making in investment management and business.
Describe at least one example from your own experience where your perspective or experience provided a mode of thought that brought new light to a discussion or a tough decision.
Explain how this experience has affected your decision-making process.
Write your initial response in approximately 300–500 words. Apply APA standards to citation of sources.
By
Saturday, January 4, 2014
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Monday, January 6, 2014
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses. Consider the following in your comments:
Examine the discussed mental models and how they changed a decision or direction.
Provide suggestions for ways to influence situations with new mental models.
Munger, C. T. (1995). A lesson on elementary, worldly wisdom as it relates to investment management & business.
Outstanding Investor Digest, 1,
49–63.
Assignment 2 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Initial response:
Was insightful, original, accurate, and timely.
Was substantive and demonstrated advanced understanding of concepts.
Compiled/synthesized theories and concepts drawn from a variety of sources to support statements and conclusions.
16
Discussion response and participation:
Responded to a minimum of two peers in a timely manner.
Offered points of view supported by research.
Asked challenging questions that promoted the discussion.
Drew relationships between one or more points in the discussion.
16
Writing:
Wrote in a clear, concise, formal, and organized manner.
Responses were error free.
Information from sources, where applicable, was paraphrased appropriately and accurately cited.
8
Total:
40
.
Assignment 2 DiscussionDuring the first year or two of its exis.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Discussion
During the first year or two of its existence, what reasons are there for a small-town nursing home to engage in any sort of strategic planning? This is a time when the venture’s resources are stretched to the limit and all its attention is focused on reaching bed capacity with admitting new residents. Are there any disadvantages for the organization if it fails to think about long-term strategy? Explain why.
By
Saturday, January 4, 2014
, respond to the assigned discussion question, and submit your response to the
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, January 8, 2014
.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
Assignment 2 Discussion QuestionWorking in teams leads to complex.docxbobbywlane695641
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Working in teams leads to complex interpersonal problems. Do you think working in teams is worth the effort to manage through work place problems and find viable solutions? Are there effective alternatives to team work? Explain your opinion.
By
Sunday, July 27, 2014,
respond to the discussion question above. Submit your responses to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Use the same
Discussion Area
to comment on your classmates' submissions and continue the discussion until
Wednesday, July 30, 2014.
Comment on how your classmates would address differing views.
.
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Strong corporate cultures have a powerful effect on employee behavior.
Discuss how this creates inadvertent control mechanisms.
For example, are strong cultures an ethical way to control behavior?
Provide examples to support your views.
.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
adminSticky Note- the process of inversion is shown in .docx
1. admin
Sticky Note
- the process of inversion is shown in the figure on next page
1-A and in Fig. 2.1 (GeomathBook.pdf, p. 22/153)
- ie., it is an artform with subjective and quantitative objective
components
admin
Sticky Note
In math, science, and engineering, the 'inverse problem' of
relating data observations to unknown elements or coefficients
of a model is a 'process' commonly called 'inversion'.
However, other names may be used depending on the
application - eg., it may be called
=> blackbox analysis in physics
=> factor analysis in social sciences
=> forward and inverse modeling in geophysics
=> or simply modeling in any dicipline
=> trial-and-error analysis
=> deconvolution in signal processing and engineering
=> ????? in geodesy?
=> etc.
admin
Sticky Note
AX is the linear or non-linear forward model,
2. so that AX = B + 'errors', where
B is the observed data set,
admin
Sticky Note
A is the system input or design matrix,
admin
Sticky Note
and X is the impluse response or set of unknown blackbox
coefficients that the inversion seeks to determine
admin
Sticky Note
The essence of any inverse problem is the forward model = AX,
which in practice is always processed by linear digital
operations.
admin
Sticky Note
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS - pretty much where most modern
developments in inversion analysis are concentrated.
admin
Sticky Note
the most meaningful set of solution coefficients
admin
Sticky Note
translating (ie., rationalizing) the best set of solution
coefficients into 'new' information on the conceptual model -
usually augmented with digital graphics.
3. admin
Sticky Note
Inversion examples of conceptual and mathematical models are
shown on page 2-A below and in Fig. 2.2 (GeomathBook.pdf, p.
23/153)
admin
Sticky Note
Conceptual models are imagined simplifications of reality
admin
Sticky Note
Mathematical models are the further simplified expressions of
conceptual models
admin
Sticky Note
joint inversions would obtain density and velocity solutions that
satisfy both gravity and seismic observations
admin
Sticky Note
always
admin
Sticky Note
always
admin
Sticky Note
4. always
admin
Sticky Note
=> eg., the data set is improperly 'scaled' relative to computer's
working precision
=> for example, the inverse problem is improperly posed to find
angstrom scale variations in observations that are known only to
nearest kilometer, etc.
admin
Sticky Note
Figure on page 8-A below shows examples of model
'appropriateness' relative to inversion 'objectives'
admin
Sticky Note
Inversion (ie., modeling) objectives dictate the mathematical
model that should be invoked - or model 'appropriateness'
In other words, the forward model should
- not be overly complex numerically so as to waste
5. computational resources,
- or too simple numerically so as not to achieve the inversion
objective.
- Rather, it should be just right or 'optimal' so that the inversion
objective is achieved with 'minimum' resource expenditure.
admin
Sticky Note
<= for example, the gravity profile on the left may be modeled
with equivalent accuracy by the 3 mathematical models
generalized in the bottom 3 panels with varying numbers of
unknowns, m.
admin
Sticky Note
if one wanted to simply interpolate the gravity signal at
unmapped x-coodinates, for example,
then the horizontal cyclinder model would be most appropriate,
because only m = 1 unknown (eg., the density contrast Δρ-
value) needs to be determined from the n-data points
admin
Sticky Note
However, if the objective is to drill the source, which is a
relatively expensive operation,
then a more complex half-space solution might be warranted
involving m = 5+ line segment deviations from the horizontal to
better resolve subsurface details of the source's geometry
The cost of the half-space solutions would be at least 5+ times
6. the cost of the horizontal cylinder solution, but probably worth
it given the great costs of the drilling application.
admin
Sticky Note
On the other hand, if the objective is to mine or excavate the
source, which is the most expensive way to exploit the
subsurface,
then a 2-D checkerboard model of the subsurface might be
warranted involving the determination of at least m = 5 x 10 =
50 prism densities.
The cost of the checkerboard solutions would be at least 50
times the cost of the horizontal cylinder solution, but probably
worth it given the extreme costs of subsurface mining and
excavation.
admin
Sticky Note
In general, the 'underdetermined' inversion where m > n is
frankly the 'norm' in every mapping application .
admin
Sticky Note
Thus, inversion involves=>
- conceptualizing or fantasizing an appropriate forward model,
- quantitatively determining the solution coefficients,
- critiquing the solution for the most meaningful coefficients,
and
- converting or rationalizing the solution coefficients in terms
of the conceptual model
7. People who are adept at the art form of conceptualizing models
to relate to data, and transforming the numerical results of
inversion into meaningful rationalizations or stories are highly
sought after and rewarded.
The objective, quantitative components of inversion are
relatively trivial and well established since Gauss' time (~
1800).
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The relative advantages and limitation of trial-and-error
inversion are summarized on the next page.
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Trial-and-error inversion is perhaps the most successful and
widely used method in human history -
it also seems to find wide application throughout nature by
virtue of Darwin's Law of Natural Selection whereby organisms
adapt to their environment.
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i is the row subscript, and
8. j the column subscript
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don't really need to take a course in linear algebra anymore to
become facile with matrix operations - just become familiar
with a linear equation solver like matlab, mathematica, etc.
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ie. the matrix expression of unity
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the determinant is the value or number associated with a square
matrix that is used to define the characteristic polynomial of the
matrix.
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the number of terms in the determinant of an n-order matrix is
n-factorial or n! -
where for example, 10! = 3,628,800 is the number of terms
needing evaluation for a tenth-order matrix.
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9. Sarrus' rule=> the determinant for n>2 is the sum of he products
along the right-pointing diagonals minus the sum of the
products along the left-pointing diagonals
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X and B are also sometimes called n-tuples
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Cramer's Rule from ca. 1798
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this example is also considered in Fig. 4.2 (GeomathBook.pdf,
p. 32/153)
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we get=>
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where=>
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a buried 2-D horizontal cylinder extending infinitely into and
out of the page
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note that the elements aij and bi are known, whereas the
element xj is unknown
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ie, the design matrix elements aij are evaluated with the
unknown variables x1 and x2 set to unity - or
(x1 = Δρ) = 1 = (x2 = C)
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|A'|/|A| =
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error = [(0.500 - 0.444)/(0.5)]100
= 11.2%
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we do not 'invert' anything here, but rather 'repeat the inversion'
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11. ~ 7% error
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~ 11% error
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inversion of
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compute A @ d1 = 0 km and
d2 = 20 km for the system=>
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coefficients of the A-matrix
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coefficients of he Identity matrix
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we 'triangulate' the system using elementary row operations
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ie., the a12-element was zeroed out by multiplying the top row
by -(4.440/75.474) and subtracting the result from the bottom
row, etc.
12. admin
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why can you not use elementary column operations to
triangulate the system?
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for the n-order system
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ie., the system of equations is diagonalized
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in the days before computerized equation solvers were available
like Matlab, Mathematica, etc.,
the 'rank' concept had considerable practical significance for
minimizing manual processing of singular systems
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real-world problems are always underdetermined!!!
13. admin
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more generally, in modern least squares applications, we have
A => AtA and
B => AtB (the weighted observation vector)
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Gaussian elimination algorithm
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Matrix determinant algorithm
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B is the column matrix containing values of the 'dependent'
variable, and
A is the column matrix (missing the transpose symbol)
containing values of the 'independent' variable
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the least squares solution will be developed using the principle
of 'mathematical induction' - ie., if
1) when a statement is true for for a natural number
n = k, then it will also be true for its successor
n = k+1;
14. 2) and the statement is true for n = 1;
then the statement will be true for every natural number n.
To prove a statement by induction, parts 1)- and 2)-above must
be proved.
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in linear regression, the slope x1 is the only unknown
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typo=> x2-above should be x1
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ie., as long as AtA ≠ 0
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typo=> delete the + symbol in the above term - ie., it should be
the product=> x1ai
and not the sum=> x1+ai
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typo=> the above unknowns x2 & x3 should be=> x1 & x2
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ie., j-indices refer to transpose elements,
and
k-indices refer to normal vector elements
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δij = 0 for all i ≠ j
and
δij = 1 for all i = j
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Note that for any number of unknowns m and number of
observations n=>
A(n×m)X(m×1) = B(n×1)
versus
AtA(m×m)X(m×1) = AtB(m×1)
16. admin
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but a faster approach that avoids finding (AtA)-1 directly is to
use the Cholesky factorization of (AtA)
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see Lawson & Hansen (1976)
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this is a telescoping series or equation where the x3-solution is
needed to solve for the x2-solution, etc.
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in evaluating a system of m = 100 unknowns, the use of the
#1-option below requires m3 =106 operations;
#2-option below reduces the operations by a third
to 2m3/3 = 666,667; and
#3-option below reduces the operations by two-thirds to 2m3/6
= 333,333
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17. Sticky Note
or 5,050 elements for m =100 unknowns
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in the 1980s, OSU's IBM 3081 mainframe computer could
evaluate roughly 1,000 unknowns in-core,
which only held a maximum (AtA)-packed array of about
500,500 elements
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however, at the expense of CPU-time, the number of unknowns
could be expanded as necessary by updating the packed (AtA)-
array on an external (out-of-core) storage device as unknowns
are added to the system.
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Assignment #4=> complete exercise 2.1=>
EARTHSC_5642_Ex2-1_08Feb15
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ie., rank (AtA) is < m
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ie., rank (AtA) is approximately < m
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18. Sticky Note
Assignment #5=> complete exercise 2.2=>
EARTHSC_5642_Ex2-2_08Feb15
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and overdetermined so that n > m
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note that var(X) = σX2 and var(B) = σB2
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r2 is sometimes also called 'coherency' or the 'coherency
coefficient'
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Assignment #6=> What is the matrix expression for the
correlation coefficient r in terms of the matrices A, X, and B
that also accounts for the sign of r?
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- under the square root symbol is a number that is just the i-th
diagonal element of the n x n matrix A(AtA)-1At
- this element is the weight for the confidence interval (CI) or
error bar on the prediction bi^hat
19. - see example in Fig. VI.5 of the handout
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or Σ(bi^hat - bi^bar)2 ---> 0
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Assignment #7=> complete exercise 2.3=>
EARTHSC_5642_Ex2-3_09Feb15
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- even though the synthetic data (ie., the predictions from a
solution) may fit the observed data, the error bars on the
solution may be unacceptably large
- ie., sufficiently large that the solution is useless for anything
else than matching the observations!
- and the solution is said to be unstable or poorly conditioned or
near-singular
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- the coefficients of the A-matrix take up most of the resources
in solving the inverse problem
- thus, rather than re-parameterizing the problem for a new set
of A-coefficients, the pressure is on to manipulate or manage
the original set of coefficients for a better performing solution
20. - classically, this has been done by considering the
eigenvalue/eigenvector decomposition of AtA
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in matlab, the condition number is=>
COND = λmax/λmin
and the reciprocal condition is given by=>
RCOND = λmin/λmax
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of course, for least squares problems, this system really is=>
AtAX = AtB
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two ways to check your code for finding the eigenvalues of AtA
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so what are the COND or RCOND values here?
21. admin
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x1 x2 = A = 4 8
x3 x4 8 4
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- arrow intersects the ellipse halfway between (4, 8) and (8, 4)
with semi-major axis length=> λmax = 12 and semi-minor axis
length=> λmin = -4
- where the directions of the two axes are given by the two
corresponding eigenvectors
- ie., for λmax = 12 the eigenvector is=>
Xmax = (x1 x2)t = (1 1)t
- so that the slope of the semi-major axis is=>
tan-1(1/1) = 45o
- and for λmin = -4 the eigenvector is=>
Xmin = (-1 1)t
- so that the slope of the semi-minor axis is=>
tan-1(-1/1) = 135o = 45o + 90o
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for A1 = 6 8
8 6
- the rows are becoming more similar and the matrix
increasingly near-singular
- as reflected by the eigenvalues=>
22. λmax = 14, λmin = -2, and related COND
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for A2 = 4 8
4 8
- the matrix is singular with eigenvalues=>
λmax = 12, λmin = 0, and COND---> ∞
- ie., the second row adds no new info to the system
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for A3 = -4 8
8 4
- the matrix is orthogonal with eigenvalues=>
λmax = 8.95 = -λmin, and COND = RCOND
- so that the solution using A-1 is stable in the sense that small
changes in the A-coefficients do not result in large erratic
variations in the predictions
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23. correction=>
At = VΛtUt where U = AVΛ-1 since Λ-1 = (Λt)-1
so that to evaluate U we don't need to evaluate the
(n x n) system AAt
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of
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correction=>
K = - log(RCOND)
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- modeling a (10 x 10)-array of satellite-observed total field
magnetic anomaly values in nT at 125 km altitude with a 1o-
station spacing
- by a (10 x 10)-array of point dipoles at the earth's surface with
a 1o-station spacing
- in the 1975 International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-
75)
24. -- the inversion obtained point dipole magnetic susceptibilities
so that the field of the dipoles fit the observed magnetic
anomalies of insert A with least squares accuracy
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- in the remaining 4 inserts, the system's conditioning was
investigated using=> K = -log(RCOND) as a function of various
inversion parameters
- for example, insert B shows that increasing the altitude of the
observations degrades the solution increasingly because the
system is becoming more near-singular and unstable
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- in insert B, the solutions were obtained for an applied
differentially-reduced-to-pole (DRTP) field with intensity Fe =
60,000 nT
- this simplification minimized considering the inversion effects
from varying IGRF intensities, declinations, and inclinations
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- for insert C, the (10o x 10o)-arrays are moved along a constant
longitude
- with the observed anomaly values at 125 km altitude, and
- a DTRP field of Fe = 60,000 nT
- the system becomes increasingly ill condition as it approaches
the earth's poles
25. admin
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- insert D shows the conditioning effects of moving the problem
along the swath between the geographic equator and 10oN in the
IGRF-75 (curve A),
- along the swath between the geographic equator and 10oS in
the IGRF-75 (curve B), and
- along the swath between the geographic equator and 10oS in
the DRTP (curve C)
- the observed magnetic anomalies were all taken at 125 km
altitude
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- in insert E, curve A shows the conditioning effects at 400 km
altitude in the DRTP of varying the observation grid spacing for
a constant 1o source grid spacing
- ie., this system is best conditioned for observation grid
spacings equal to or greater than roughly 2.5 times the source
spacing
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- curve B of insert E, on the other hand, shows the conditioning
effects at 400 km altitude in the DRTP of varying the source
grid spacing for a constant 1o observation grid spacing
- ie., this system is best conditioned where the source grid
spacing is equal to roughly 1.5 to 2 times the observation
spacing
26. admin
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ie. the=> GLI
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H is the GLI that is sometimes also referred to as the 'pseudo' or
'Penrose' inverse
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ie., the design matrix A is multiplied from the right by the GLI
to see how close the product is to the n-th order identity matrix
In
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ie., the design matrix A is multiplied from the left by the GLI to
see how close the product is to the m-th order identity matrix
Im
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correction=> minimum
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27. Sticky Note
ie., where m < n
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where the GLI=> H = (AtA)-1At
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correction=> quantitatively
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ie., the info density matrix S provides insight on how the
observations are related to the inferred forward model of the
system
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ie., the info density matrix S provides insight on the
observations that may be culled from or added to the system for
a more effective solution
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ie., the info density matrix S provides insight on designing
appropriate surveys, experiments, field work, etc.
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28. - note that the info density matrix S is a function only of the
coefficients of the design matrix A, and not the magnitudes of
the coefficients of the observation vector B
- ie., solving the system where all the B-coefficients have been
set to zero yields the exact same COND as does the solution for
the original set of B-coefficients
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where the GLI=> H = (AtA)-1At
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ie., where m > n
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ie., where (m = n) or (m > n)
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ie., the corresponding k-th variable
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ie., by deleting either xi or xj, etc.
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29. Sticky Note
Inversion of free oscillation earthquake data for a core-to-
crustal surface profile of earth densities, where
- the densities ρ(ro) are estimated at target depths ro that range
from
- ro = (0.10)re near the earth's center in the top-left insert to
- ro = (0.99)re near the earth's surface in the bottom-right
insert,
- and re is the earth's mean radius of about 6,372 km
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for each insert, the horizontal R-axis extends from the earth's
center at R = 0re to its mean surface at R = 1re
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ρ(ro = 1re) ≈ 3 g/cm3
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ρ(ro = 0re) ≈ 13 g/cm3
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m(dots) = 35
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30. Sticky Note
where the co-variance is=>
cvar(xk^hat) = σ2(VpΛp-2 Vpt )
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or 'standardizing'
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The resolution limits of inversion depend on=>
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on page 83/100 below
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on page 83/100 below
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for underdetermined systems
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- the eigenvalues are arranged in decreasing magnitude order
31. - in general, these spectra tend to be insightful where the
number of unknowns is relatively small like in these examples
- for large numbers of unknowns, the choice of a cut-off values
can be hard to make
- for gridded solutions in particular, the eigenvalue spectrum
tends to decay smoothly without a prominent break in slope
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OPTIONAL Assignment #8=> complete exercise 2.4=>
EARTHSC_5642_Ex2-4_15Feb15
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in the computationally long-winded approach of Fig. 2.6=>
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on page 84/100
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on page 85/100
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correction=> CONSTRAINED LINEAR INVERSION
32. admin
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ie., the IDEAL WORLD of mostly textbooks
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ie., the REAL WORLD that includes improperly scaled
inversions
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where X = A-1B
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where X = (AtA)-1AtB
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where (m - n) of the unknowns must be expressed in terms of
the remaining unknowns or reassigned
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Note that the GLI always exists for obtaining solutions from
REAL WORLD systems
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Note that the conditioning of the AX-system has nothing to do
with how the magnitudes of the observed B-coefficients vary
33. admin
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where the GLI=> H = [AtA)-1At]
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Thus, the Information Density matrix
S = AH = A[AtA)-1At] ≈ UUt = In
may be useful in cases II, IV, and V, for isolating optimal
observation B-coefficients to relate to a chosen forward model
AX
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and the IResolution matrix
R = HA = [AtA)-1At]A ≈ VVt = Im
may be useful in cases III, IV, and V, for isolating optimal X-
coefficients to relate to a chosen forward model AX
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- in general, cases IV and V are the REAL WORLD cases most
commonly encountered by researchers,
- and in need of sensitivity analysis to establish optimally
performing solutions
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34. in the Soc. for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM)
journal=> Technometrics
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that is drawn from the Gaussian distribution=>
N(μ=0, σ) with σ2 = EV
- using EV to stablize a system is equivalent to the classical
approach of computing each A-coefficient with random noise
added from the N(0, σ)-distribution
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or error of fit (EOF)
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with λj‘ = (λj + EV)
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ie., X’ , can be computed in about a tenth of the effort it took to
compute the A-coefficients
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on pages 90/100 and 91/100, respectively
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35. Figures II.1 thru II.6 have been deleted
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The rest of the notes to the end of this 5642Lectures_2_4.pdf
are provided for completeness only...
- the utility of these notes is becoming limited as modern data
processing increasingly relies on linear systems and spectral
analysis
- thus, we will move on to consider the most computationally
efficient and elegant linear system of all=> the spectral model
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Insert A shows a (16 x 16)-array of satellite magnetic
observations with 2o-station spacing over India at 400 km asl
that we want to relate by least squares inversion to the magnetic
susceptibities of a (16 x 16)-array of point dipoles with 2o-
station spacing at 100 km bsl
assuming the IGRF-75 updated to 1980
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Insert B shows that the solution provides an exact match within
working precision to observed magnetic anomalies in A
- however, the condition number as inferred by
K = -log(RCOND) ≈ 14 suggests that the solution contains
almost no the significant figures
36. admin
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Insert C is a map of the DRTP anomalies produced using the
very poorly conditioned solution of insert B
- ie., changing the A-coefficients to process the solution for
anything (eg., interpolations, continuations, etc.) beyond
estimating the original observations yields essentially useless
results
ie., garbage - even though the predictions are nearly perfect in
matching the observed anomalies
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Insert I is the map of the DRTP anomalies produced with a
better conditioned solution based on using the optimal EV = 10-
7 that minimizes
- the misfit in the observed data according to curve C in Fig. 3-
below, and
- the map-to-map differences in the predictions with changing
EV according to curve B in Fig. 3-below
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Insert H provides an effective error map on the predictions in
insert I
that was obtained by subtracting the predictions at EV = 10-6
from those at EV = 10-8
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37. Sticky Note
Curve B = sum of squared residuals (SSR) =
Σi[(Pred. Map @ EVi) – (Pred. Map @ EV=1)]2
for the map of predictions (Pred. Map) at various EV-values
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Curve C =
Σi[(Pred. Obs. @ EVi) – Obs.)]2
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Curve D = K = -log(RCOND)
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Curve E = variance of solutions @ EVi
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put cursor on top-left corner to see range of 'optimal' EV=>
|---------------| 10-6
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Curves B and C provide an effective trade-off diagram for
estimating an 'optimal' EV,
whereas Curves D and E are only marginally effective
38. admin
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Principles of
Linear Programming <===> Game Theory
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convex solution space that satisfies the a-thru-e inequalities of
eq. 4.1