This document discusses types of medication effects on the body and allergic reactions. It explains that drugs can have local effects when applied topically or systemic effects when absorbed into bloodstream. Allergic reactions include anaphylaxis, skin rashes, pruritus, angioedema, rhinitis, lacrimal tearing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and shortness of breath. It also discusses drug tolerance occurring when decreased response requires higher dosages, and drug interactions including synergism, antagonism and incompatibility when drugs are mixed. The document will continue these topics in the next lecture.

1. Administration of
medication part-2
Presented by:
Ms. Zoya Ali Makrani
Department of MSN

3. Types of medication action /effects
of drugs on the body

8. • Local and systemic effects:
• Local effects of drugs are expected when they are applied to the
skin or mucus membrane
• A drug used for systemic effect must be absorbed into the blood
stream to produce the desired effect in the various systems and
parts of the body.

9. Allergic reactions:
• A client can react to drug as a foreign body and thus develop symptoms of
allergic reaction.
• Anaphylaxis : it is an immediate and severe reaction marked by the
decrease in blood pressure, local edema, prickling feeling in throat , edema
cyanosis etc.
• Skin rashes : (urticaria) oedematous and pinkish skin elevations

10. • Pruritus : itching of the skin with or without the rash.
• Angioedema: edema due to increased permeability of the
blood capillaries .
• Rhinitis : excessive watery discharge from the nose.
• Lacrimal tearing : excessive tears from the eyes.
• Nausea and vomiting , diarrhea
• Shortness of breath

11. • Drug tolerance :it occurs when a client develops decreased
response to a drug, requiring increased dosage to achieve
the therapeutic effects.
• Drug interactions: it occurs when a medication’s effects
are altered by the concurrent presence of other
medications or food .drug interactions are as follow:
• Synergism: it occurs when a combinations of drugs are given.
Combined drugs effect separately if taken alone but may
reduce the effect when taken in combination.

12. • Antagonism : decreased effect of drug when taken with
food.
• Drug incompatibility : it is a condition when a drug
precipitates from solutions if mixed with other medication

42. To be continue in next lecture..