The document provides a lesson on adjective clauses and relative pronouns in English. It defines different types of relative pronouns used to combine two sentences based on the part of speech being referred to, such as subject, object of a verb, or object of a preposition. Examples are provided to illustrate the different relative pronouns that can be used, including who, whom, whose, which, and that. Exercises are included for students to practice combining sentences using relative clauses.

1. CHAPTER 13
Stream II
English
Language for Medical Preparatory Program
Home Page
Adjective Clauses I
Part One
Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi
ENGL 112, ENGL 211, ENGL 213
April, 2013
tahrawih@ksau-hs.edu.sa
h_tahrawi@hotmail.com

2. The Subject Relative
Pronouns:
who
that

3. This is the boy.
The boy wants to be a pilot.
Same thing in different grammatical cases.
He
Accusative case: “the boy” is not the subject of the sentence.
Nominative case: “The boy” is the subject of the sentence.

4. This is the boy.
The boy wants to be a pilot.

5. This is the boy
The boy wants to be a pilot.
who
that

6. The boy is here.
The boy wants to be a pilot.
Same thing with the same grammatical cases.
He
Nominative case: “the boy” is the subject of the sentence.
Nominative case: “The boy” is the subject of the sentence.

7. The boy is here.
The boy wants to be a pilot.

8. The boy is here.
The boy wants to be a pilot
who
that

9. The boy who wants to be a pilot is here.
that

10. The Subject Relative
Pronouns:
which
that

11. This is the lion.
The lion killed the man.
Same thing in different grammatical cases.
It

12. This is the lion.
The lion killed the hunter.

13. This is the lion
The lion killed the hunter.
which
that

14. This is the lion which killed the hunter.
that

15. The wind which / that blew
yesterday was very devastating.

16. These strawberries came
from Amman.

17. The strawberries were used to
decorate the cake.

18. These strawberries, (which/that) were
used to decorate the cake , came from
Amman.

19. The Possessive
Relative Pronoun
whose

20. This is the man
His wife killed the snake.

21. This is the man
His wife killed the snake.
whose wife

22. This is the man
his daughter.
I am going to marry

23. This is the man
his daughter.
I am going to marry
whose daughter
This is the man whose daughter I am going to marry.

24. The Object of a Verb
Relative Pronouns I
whom
that
Ø

25. This is the man.
I met him in Paris last summer.
object of a verb
Accusative case: “him” is the object of a verb in the sentence.
Accusative case: “the man” is not the subject of the sentence.

26. This is the man .
him
I met in Paris last summer.
whom
that
Ø
I met in Paris last s

27. This is the man whom I met in Paris last summer.
that
Ø

28. The boy is here.
Nominative case: “the boy” is the subject of the sentence.
Accusative case: “him” is the object of a verb in the sentence.
I met him in Paris last summer.
object of a verb

29. The boy is here.
I met him in Paris last summer.

30. The boy is here.
him
I met in Paris last summer.
whom
that
Ø
I met in Paris last summer

31. The boy whom I met in Paris last summer is here.
that
Ø

32. The Object of a Verb
Relative Pronouns II
which
that
Ø

33. This is the van.
I rented it last week.
object of a verb
Accusative case: “it” is the object of a verb in the sentence.
Accusative case: “the van” is not the subject of the sentence.

34. This is the van .
it
I rented last week.
which
that
Ø
I rented last week.

35. This is the van which I rented last week.
that
Ø

36. Object of a Preposition
Relative Pronouns
whom............ from/to/at
that ............ from/to/at
Ø ............ from/to/at
from/to/at whom

37. The man is here.
I talked to him on the phone last night.
object of a preposition

38. The man is here.
him
I talked to on the phone last night.
whom
that
Ø
I talked to on the phone last night
+
The man to whom I talked on the phone last night is here.

39. The man whom I talked to on the phone last night is here.
that
Ø
+
The man to whom I talked on the phone last night is here.

40. Object of a Preposition
Relative Pronouns
which............ from/to/at
that ............ from/to/at
Ø ............ from/to/at
from/to/at which

41. The book is definitely going to be a bestseller.
I invested most of my time in it .
object of a preposition

42. The book is definitely going to be a bestseller.
it.
I invested most of my time in
which
that
Ø
I invested most of my time in
+
The book in which I invested most of my time is definitely
going to be a bestseller.
The book (which / that / Ø ) I invested most of my time in
is definitely going to be a bestseller.

43. To sum up….

44. Possessive Pronoun
Replacing (her, his, their, its)
_________whose (…)______________

45. For the subject 1
_________who_____________
_________that_____________

46. For the subject 2
_________which_____________
_________that_____________

47. For the object of a verb 1
_________whom_____________
_________that_____________
__________Ø_______________

48. For the object of a verb 2
_________which_____________
_________that_____________
__________Ø_______________

49. For the object of a preposition 1
_________whom_____________ from
_________that _____________ from
__________Ø_______________ from
_________from whom_____________

50. For the object of a preposition 2
_________which_____________ from
_________that _____________ from
__________Ø _______________ from
_________from which_____________

51. Exercises

52. Relative Clauses, Relative
Pronouns
In each question below
combine the two simple
sentences into one complex
sentence. Use sentence (a) as
the main clause and sentence
(b) as the relative clause. Give
ALL possible forms of the
complex sentence (Omit the
relative pronoun and use Ø if

53. a) I talked to the girl.
b) Her car had broken down in front of the shop.
_____________________________________

54. a) I talked to the girl.
b) Her car had broken down in front of the shop.
I talked to the girl whose car had
broken down in front of the shop.

55. a) Where is the applicant?
b) We urgently need his services.
_____________________________________

56. a) Where is the applicant?
b) We urgently need his services.
Where is the applicant whose services we
urgently need ?

57. a) Mr. Brown is a taxi driver.
b) He lives on the corner.
________________________________
________________________________

58. a) Mr. Brown is a taxi driver.
b) He lives on the corner.
1. Mr. Brown who lives on the corner is
a taxi driver.
2. Mr. Brown that lives on the corner is
a taxi driver.

59. a) Where is the man?
b) He ordered coffee.
________________________________
________________________________

60. a) Where is the man?
b) He ordered coffee.
1. Where is the man who ordered coffee?
2. Where is the man that ordered coffee?

61. a) The car is very fast.
b) It was manufactured in Italy .
________________________________
________________________________

62. a) The car is very fast.
b) It was manufactured in Italy .
1. The car which was manufactured in Italy
is very fast.
2. The car that was manufactured in Italy
is very fast.

63. a) The apple is now inedible.
b) It fell behind the table five days ago.
________________________________
________________________________

64. a) The apple is now inedible.
b) It fell behind the table five days ago.
1. The apple which fell behind the
table five days ago is now inedible.
2. The apple that fell behind the table
five days ago is now inedible.

65. a) The tourist comes from Italy.
b) We met her in Petra last summer.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

66. a) The tourist comes from Italy.
b) We met her in Petra last summer.
1. The tourist whom we met in Petra
last summer comes from Italy.
2. The tourist that we met in Petra
last summer comes from Italy.
3. The tourist Ø we met in Petra
last summer comes from Italy.

67. a) The robot needs a new program.
b) That scientist built it last month.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

68. a) The robot needs a new program.
b) That scientist built it last month.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
1. The robot which that scientist built
last month needs a new program.
2. The robot that that scientist built
last month needs a new program.
3. The robot Ø that scientist built
last month needs a new program.

69. a) Where is the bottle of Coke?
b) I bought the bottle this morning.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

70. a) Where is the bottle of Coke?
b) I bought the bottle this morning.
_____________________________________
_________
1. Where is the bottle of Coke which I bought
this morning ?
2. Where is the bottle of Coke that I bought
this morning ?
3. Where is the bottle of Coke Ø I bought
this morning ?

71. a) The woman works at my office.
b) You are talking about her.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

72. a) The woman works at my office.
b) You are talking about her.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
1. The woman whom you are talking about works
at my office.
2. The woman that you are talking about works
at my office.
3. The woman Ø you are talking about works
at my office.
4. The woman about whom you are talking works
at my office.

73. a) The book is on the upper shelf.
b) I hid her letter in it.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

74. a) The book is on the upper shelf.
b) I hid her letter in it.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
1. The book which I hid her letter in is on the
upper shelf.
2. The book that I hid her letter in is on the
upper shelf.
3. The book Ø I hid her letter in is on the
upper shelf.
4. The book in which I hid her letter is on the
upper shelf.

75. I thanked the woman.
She helps me all the time.

76. I thanked the woman.
She helps me all the time.
I thanked the woman who helps me all the time.
that

77. Mr. Hani gave us an exam.
It lasted one hour.

78. Mr. Hani gave us an exam.
It lasted one hour.
He gave us an exam which lasted one hour .
that

79. I borrowed these books to do research for my thesis.
They are more than 200 pages long.

80. I borrowed these books to do research for my thesis.
They are more than 200 pages long.
I borrowed these books which are more than
200 pages long to do research for my thesis.
I borrowed these books that are more than
200 pages long to do research for my thesis.

81. The students are from China.
I know them.

82. The students are from China.
I know them.
The students whom I know are from China.
that
Ø

83. The movie was good.
We watched it together last Friday.

84. The movie was good.
We watched it together last Friday.
The movie which / that / Ø we watched
together last Friday was good.

85. I still have that book.
I borrowed it last month.

86. I still have that book which / that / Ø I
borrowed last month.
I still have that book.
I borrowed it last month.

87. Use who, which, that, Ø , or whose :
( Write all possible answers)
1 - Where is the bottle of Coke ………I bought this
morning?
2 - I talked to the girl ………………car had crashed in
front of the shop.
3 - Mr. Jones, …………………… is a taxi driver, lives
near the corner.
4 - He cleaned the car …………… had an accident.
5 - What did you do with the money ………. your
mother lent you?

88. (Ahmad, the boy/ the man) whom /that/ Ø
Note!!!!!

89. (The cat, the car, the fish) which /that / Ø
Note!!!!!

90. whom / that / Ø ( I /the man / he / your brother)
(as object pronouns)
Note!!!!!

91. whom / that / Ø (as object pronouns) ... No verb
……. comes
after them
Note!!!!!

92. which/ that / Ø (as object pronouns) ..... No verb
comes
after them
Note!!!!!

93. who/ that (as subject pronouns) ..... No noun or
pronoun comes
after them.
Note!!!!!

94. which/ that (as subject pronouns) ..... No noun or
pronoun comes
after them.
Note!!!!!

95. who as an object relative pronoun is
INFORMAL. Don’t use it.
Please only use whom / that / Ø as object
relative pronouns .
Note!!!!!

96. That is the boy ( who - whom –
that - Ø) I saw helping the old
lady.

97. That is the boy ( who - whom –
that - Ø) I saw helping the old
lady.

98. That is the boy ( who - whom -
that - Ø) told me that he helped the
old lady.

99. That is the boy ( who - whom -
that - Ø) told me that he helped the
old lady.

100. Miss Raghad, ( who - whom - Ø)
is a dentist , lives on the corner.

101. Miss Raghad, ( who - whom - Ø)
is a dentist , lives on the corner.

102. This is the girl (who - whom - that - Ø)
comes from Spain.

103. This is the girl (who - whom - that - Ø)
comes from Spain.

104. That's Mohammad, the boy (who -
whom - that - Ø) has just arrived at the
airport.

105. That's Mohammad, the boy (who -
whom - that - Ø) has just arrived at the
airport.

106. Deema is the girl (who - whom -
that - Ø) I met on Friday.

107. Deema is the girl (who - whom -
that - Ø) I met on Friday.

108. The waiter (who - whom - that -
Ø) we gave the tip was very pleased.

109. The waiter (who - whom - that -
Ø) we gave the tip was very pleased.

110. The pupils (who - whom - that - Ø)
he was speaking to were very noisy.

111. The pupils (who - whom - that - Ø)
he was speaking to were very noisy.

112. The man (who - whom - that - Ø)
you saw yesterday is my uncle.

113. The man (who - whom - that - Ø)
you saw yesterday is my uncle.

114. A friend (who - whom - that - Ø) I have been
expecting for two hours hasn’t arrived yet.

115. A friend (who - whom - that - Ø) I have been
expecting for two hours hasn’t arrived yet.

116. The boy ....... bag was stolen is
over there.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

117. The boy ....... bag was stolen is
over there.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

118. The man ....... interviewed you is
the boss.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

119. The man ....... interviewed you is
the boss.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

120. The man ........ wanted to see you
left a few minutes ago.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

121. The man ........ wanted to see you
left a few minutes ago.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

122. The man ....... house was robbed
has arrived.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

123. The man ....... house was robbed
has arrived.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

124. Reem has lost the paper ...... she had
written your phone number on.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

125. Reem has lost the paper ...... she had
written your phone number on.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

126. Where are the young ladies ........ called
for the taxi?
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

127. Where are the young ladies ........ called
for the taxi?
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

128. The man ..... answered the phone
was rather rude.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

129. The man ..... answered the phone
was rather rude.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

130. The people …………...... moved in
next door seem very friendly
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

131. The people …………...... moved in
next door seem very friendly
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

132. The film, ...... director is Al Aqqad,
won many international prizes.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

133. The film, ...... director is Al Aqqad,
won many international prizes.
[ ] who [ ] which
[ ] whose [ ] whom

134. CHAPTER 13
Stream II
English
Language for Medical Preparatory Program
Home Page
Adjective Clauses I
End of Part One
Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi
ENGL 112, ENGL 211, ENGL 213
April, 2013
tahrawih@ksau-hs.edu.sa
h_tahrawi@hotmail.com

135. Do you want to proceed to Part II ?
Go ahead !!!!!!!

136. CHAPTER 13
Stream II
English
Language for Medical Preparatory Program
Home Page
Adjective Clauses II
Part Two
Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi
ENGL 211, ENGL 213
May , 2013
tahrawih@ksau-hs.edu.sa
h_tahrawi@hotmail.com

137. 13-5 Using where in
adjective clauses

138. Relative Pronouns of Place
............ where ............
…………… in which ……..
……… which ............ in
………… that ............ in
………… Ø ............ in

139. That is the house.
I grew up in it .
place

140. 1. That is the house .
it.
I grew up in where
+
2. That is the house in which I grew up.
I grew up .
in
+
3. That is the house which I grew up in .
4. That is the house that I grew up in .
5. That is the house Ø I grew up in .

141. That is the house where I grew up.
That is the house in which I grew up.
+
That is the house which I grew up in.
That is the house that I grew up in.
That is the house Ø I grew up in.

142. 13-6 Using when in
adjective clauses

143. Relative Pronouns of Time
............ when ............
…………… at which ……
……… which ............
………… that ............ (no perp.)
………… Ø ............ (no perp.)

144. Monday is the day.
They will come on that day.
time

145. 1. Monday is the day .
it.
They will come on when
+
2. Monday is the day on which they will come.
they will come.
+
3. Monday is the day that they will come.
4. Monday is the day Ø they will come.

146. Monday is the day when they will come.
on which
that
Ø

147. 13-9 Using Expressions of
Quantity in Adjective Clauses
• … , most of ……
• … , a lot of …….
• … , many of….
• … , several of ……
• … , one of … , two of …..
• … , both of…..
• … , a few of…....
• … , only a few of …
• … , neither of …
• … , none of …..
whom
which
whose + (n.)

148. whom
13-9 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses
1
… , most of ……
… , a lot of …….
… , many of….
… , several of ……
… , one of / … , two of …..
… , both of…..
… , a few of…....
… , only a few of …
… , neither of …
… , none of …..

149. Nancy has two brothers.
Both of them have a degree in Electrical engineering.

150. Nancy has two brothers.
Both of them have a degree in Electrical engineering.

151. Nancy has two brothers.
Both of them have a degree in Electrical engineering.
, both of whom
Nancy has two brothers , both of
whom have a degree in Electrical
engineering.
Nancy has two brothers.
Both of them have a degree in Electrical engineering.

152. which
13-9 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses
2
… , most of ……
… , a lot of …….
… , many of….
… , several of ……
… , one of … , two of …..
… , both of…..
… , a few of…....
… , only a few of …
… , neither of …
… , none of …..

153. Khalil has two cell phones.
One of them is broken.

154. Khalil has two cell phones.
One of them is broken.

155. Khalil has two cell phones
One of them is broken.
, one of which
Khalil has two cell phones, one of
which is broken.
Khalil has two cell phones.
One of them is broken.

156. 13-9 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses
3
whose + (n.)
… , most of ……
… , a lot of …….
… , many of….
… , several of ……
… , one of … , two of …..
… , both of…..
… , a few of…....
… , only a few of …
… , neither of …
… , none of …..

157. This is the artist.
All of his paintings were sold at a high price.

158. This is the artist .
All of his paintings were sold at a high price.
, all of whose paintings
This is the artist , all of whose paintings
were sold at a high price.
This is the artist.
All of his paintings were sold at a high price.

159. This is the artist.
I plan to buy all of his paintings.

160. This is the artist
all of his paintings
I plan to buy, all of whose paintings

161. This is the artist , all of whose
paintings I plan to buy.
This is the artist.
I plan to buy all of his paintings.

162. 13-10 Using which to
modify a whole sentence

163. The soccer team won the cup.
That made us really happy.

164. The soccer team won the cup.
That made us really happy.

165. The soccer team won the cup .
That made us really happy.
, which
The soccer team won
the cup, which made us
really happy.

166. CHAPTER 13
Stream II
English
Language for Medical Preparatory Program
Home Page
Adjective Clauses II
End of Part Two
Mr. Hani M. Al-Tahrawi
ENGL 211, ENGL 213
May, 2013
tahrawih@ksau-hs.edu.sa
h_tahrawi@hotmail.com