The document discusses the formation and use of comparative and superlative adjectives in English. It explains that comparative adjectives are used to compare two things, using suffixes like "-er" or modifying adjectives with "more", while superlative adjectives compare three or more things using suffixes like "-est" or modifying adjectives with "most". It provides rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives from short and long adjectives. Examples are given to illustrate the use of superlative adjectives to identify the extreme or highest quality within a group.