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Table of Contents
Introduction..............................................................................................…….xxix
Chapter 1: Getting Started with Web Applications in Java ...............................1
Introduction to Web Applications............................................................................................................................2
Benefits of Web Applications....................................................................................................................................5
Technologies used in Web Applications..................................................................................................................5
Describing JDBC................................................................................................................................................ 5
Exploring the JDBC Architecture........................................................................................................... 6
Describing Java Servlets................................................................................................................................... 7
Advantages of Java Servlets................................................................................................................... 8
Describing JSP.................................................................................................................................................... 8
Request Processing of a JSP Page .......................................................................................................... 9
Describing the JSP Life-cycle.................................................................................................................. 9
Introduction to Web Architecture Models ............................................................................................................10
Describing the Model-1 Architecture ........................................................................................................... 10
Limitations of the Model-1 Architecture ............................................................................................ 11
Describing the Model-2 Architecture ........................................................................................................... 11
Advantages of the Model-2 Architecture ........................................................................................... 12
Introduction to the MVC Architecture...................................................................................................................12
Describing the Model Component................................................................................................................ 13
Describing the View Component.................................................................................................................. 13
Describing the Controller Component ......................................................................................................... 13
Summary....................................................................................................................................................................14
Exercise ......................................................................................................................................................................14
Chapter 2: Getting Started with JDBC ..............................................................15
Introducing ODBC....................................................................................................................................................16
Defining ODBC.........................................................................................................................................................16
Listing Features of ODBC .............................................................................................................................. 17

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vi
Describing the ODBC Components .............................................................................................................. 17
The Application Component................................................................................................................ 18
The DriverManager Component ......................................................................................................... 18
The Driver Component......................................................................................................................... 18
The Datasource Component................................................................................................................. 19
Describing the ODBC Architecture............................................................................................................... 19
The Single-tier ODBC Architecture..................................................................................................... 19
The Multiple-tier ODBC Architecture................................................................................................. 20
Introducing JDBC .....................................................................................................................................................20
Describing Components of JDBC.................................................................................................................. 22
Listing Features of JDBC ................................................................................................................................ 22
Listing New Features in JDBC 4.0................................................................................................................. 24
Exploring the JDBC Architecture............................................................................................................................25
The Type-1 Driver........................................................................................................................................... 26
Advantages of the Type-1 Driver ........................................................................................................ 27
Disadvantages of the Type-1 Driver ................................................................................................... 27
Situations to Use the Type-1 Driver .................................................................................................... 27
The Type-2 Driver (Java to native API)........................................................................................................ 27
Examples of the Type-2 Driver ............................................................................................................ 28
The Type-3 Driver (Java to Network Protocol/All Java Driver)............................................................... 29
The Type-4 Driver (Java to Database protocol)........................................................................................... 30
Disadvantage of the Type-4 Driver ..................................................................................................... 30
Summary....................................................................................................................................................................31
Exercise ......................................................................................................................................................................32
State True or False ....................................................................................................................................................32
Chapter 3: Working with JDBC APIs.................................................................33
Introducing JDBC API..............................................................................................................................................34
Explaining the Types of JDBC APIs.............................................................................................................. 35
The JDBC Core API ............................................................................................................................... 35
The JDBC Extension API....................................................................................................................... 36

Table of Contents
vii
Listing the New APIs Added to JDBC 4.0.................................................................................................... 37
Describing the Major Classes and Interfaces............................................................................................... 38
The DriverManager Class..................................................................................................................... 38
The Driver Interface .............................................................................................................................. 39
The Connection Interface...................................................................................................................... 40
The Statement Interface ........................................................................................................................ 42
Communicating with Databases by using JDBC APIs.........................................................................................45
Step 1: Obtaining a Connection..................................................................................................................... 46
Obtaining an Connection using Driver object.................................................................................... 46
Step 1.i: Registering a Driver object with DriverManager................................................................ 47
Step 1.ii: Establishing a Connection using DriverManager.............................................................. 48
Step 2: Creating a JDBC Statement Object ................................................................................................... 49
Step 3: Executing SQL Statements................................................................................................................. 49
Step 4: Closing the Connection...................................................................................................................... 49
Creating a Simple Application................................................................................................................................50
Configuring the Application.......................................................................................................................... 51
Creating a Table..................................................................................................................................... 51
Creating a DSN................................................................................................................................................ 51
Understanding Various JDBC Drivers...................................................................................................................53
The OCI8 Driver for Oracle............................................................................................................................ 54
The IDS Driver................................................................................................................................................. 54
Installing the IDS Server ....................................................................................................................... 54
Configuring IDS Driver ........................................................................................................................ 57
The Thin driver for Oracle ............................................................................................................................. 57
Summary....................................................................................................................................................................58
Exercise ......................................................................................................................................................................58
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words or phrases:.........................................................................................58
Chapter 4: Implementing JDBC Statements and ResultSets ..........................59
Describing JDBC Statement.....................................................................................................................................60
Working with the Statement Interface...................................................................................................................60
Exploring the Methods of Statement ............................................................................................................ 60
The executeUpdate (String sqlStatement) Method............................................................................ 61
The executeQuery (String query) Method.......................................................................................... 61
The execute (String sqlStatement) Method......................................................................................... 61
The getResultSet () Method .................................................................................................................. 62
The getUpdateCount () Method .......................................................................................................... 62
Using Statement .............................................................................................................................................. 62
Creating a Table..................................................................................................................................... 62
Inserting a Row...................................................................................................................................... 64

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Working with the PreparedStatement Interface...................................................................................................65
Comparing Statement and PreparedStatement Objects............................................................................. 66
Describing the setXXX methods of PreparedStatement............................................................................. 67
Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of PreparedStatement ......................................................... 69
Using PreparedStatement .............................................................................................................................. 69
Creating a PreparedStatement Object................................................................................................. 69
Setting the Values for Parameters........................................................................................................ 70
Executing the PreparedStatement ....................................................................................................... 70
Using PreparedStatement with Parameters................................................................................................. 70
Exploring the Usage of the PreparedStatement Object .............................................................................. 73
Working with the CallableStatement Interface.....................................................................................................73
Describing Stored Procedures ....................................................................................................................... 73
Listing the Benefits of Working with a Stored Procedure ......................................................................... 74
Using CallableStatement ................................................................................................................................ 74
Creating the CallableStatement object ................................................................................................ 74
Setting the Values of the Parameters................................................................................................... 75
Registering the OUT Parameter Type................................................................................................. 75
Executing the Stored Procedure or Function ..................................................................................... 75
Retrieving the Parameter Values ......................................................................................................... 75
Using CallableStatement with Parameters .................................................................................................. 75
Executing a Stored Procedure with IN Parameters........................................................................... 75
Executing a Stored Procedure with OUT Parameters....................................................................... 77
Calling Functions by Using CallableStatement........................................................................................... 79
Using Cursors in CallableStatement............................................................................................................. 81
Comparing Procedure and Function ............................................................................................................ 82
Working with the ResultSet Interface ....................................................................................................................82
Describing the Methods of ResultSet............................................................................................................ 83
Using ResultSet................................................................................................................................................ 85
Moving the Cursor Position ................................................................................................................. 86
Reading the Column Values................................................................................................................. 86
Retrieving All the Rows from a Table .......................................................................................................... 89
Retrieving a Particular Column Using ResultSet........................................................................................ 91
Handling NULL Values...........................................................................................................................................94
Working with the ResultSetMetaData Interface...................................................................................................95
Describing ResultSetMetaData...................................................................................................................... 95
Using ResultSetMetaData .............................................................................................................................. 96
Creating SQLEditor in Java.....................................................................................................................................98
Creating the Command-Based SQLEditor................................................................................................... 98
Creating the Windows-Based SQLEditor................................................................................................... 100

Table of Contents
ix
Using Advanced Concepts of ResultSet ..............................................................................................................104
Exploring Characteristics of the ResultSet Object..................................................................................... 104
ResultSet Types.................................................................................................................................... 104
ResultSet Concurrency........................................................................................................................ 105
ResultSet Holdability .......................................................................................................................... 106
Setting the ResultSet Type and ResultSet Concurrency........................................................................... 106
Using ResultSet Objects to Manipulate Data............................................................................................. 112
Using the ResultSet Object to Update Data...................................................................................... 112
Using the ResultSet Object to Delete a Row..................................................................................... 114
Using a ResultSet Object to Insert a Row.......................................................................................... 116
Closing the Connection..........................................................................................................................................118
Closing the Statement and ResultSet.......................................................................................................... 118
Working with the DatabaseMetaData Interface .................................................................................................119
Retrieving Database and Driver Details..................................................................................................... 121
Retrieving Table Description....................................................................................................................... 122
Retrieving Column Details........................................................................................................................... 124
Retrieving Data from a Microsoft Excel Sheet........................................................................................... 125
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................128
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................129
Chapter 5: Describing Advanced JDBC Concepts.........................................131
Exploring the SQL 99 Data Types.........................................................................................................................132
The BLOB Data Type .................................................................................................................................... 132
Storing BLOB Values........................................................................................................................... 133
Reading BLOB Values......................................................................................................................... 135
The CLOB Data Type.................................................................................................................................... 136
Storing CLOB Values .......................................................................................................................... 137
Reading CLOB Values......................................................................................................................... 138
The Struct (Object) Data Type ..................................................................................................................... 140
Using User-Defined Object Types in Java to Represent Database Object Types......................... 140
Creating a JDBC UDT.......................................................................................................................... 141
Mapping the JDBC UDT..................................................................................................................... 141
Implementing UDT ............................................................................................................................. 141
Using the java.sql.Struct Interface ..................................................................................................... 145
The Array Data Type .................................................................................................................................... 146
The Ref Data Type......................................................................................................................................... 151
Working with the ROWID Type...........................................................................................................................151
Working with Batch Updates................................................................................................................................152
Using Batch Updates with the Statement Object ...................................................................................... 153
The Batch Update Methods................................................................................................................ 153

Table of Contents
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The BatchUpdateException Exception.............................................................................................. 154
Using Batch Updates with the PreparedStatement Object ...................................................................... 156
Describing SQL/XML and XML support............................................................................................................157
Retrieving Auto Generated Keys..........................................................................................................................158
Working with RowSets in JDBC ...........................................................................................................................161
The Connected RowSets............................................................................................................................... 161
The Disconnected RowSets.......................................................................................................................... 161
Using the RowSet at Design Time............................................................................................................... 162
Setting the Properties of the RowSet Instance ................................................................................. 162
Working with RowSet Events ............................................................................................................ 162
Using RowSets at Run Time ........................................................................................................................ 162
Setting Parameter Values of a RowSet Object.................................................................................. 163
Executing RowSets .............................................................................................................................. 163
Traversing a RowSet............................................................................................................................ 163
Exploring Connection Pooling..............................................................................................................................163
Working with Connection Pool ............................................................................................................................165
Working with Transactions...................................................................................................................................166
Describing ACID Properties ........................................................................................................................ 166
Atomicity .............................................................................................................................................. 167
Consistency........................................................................................................................................... 167
Isolation................................................................................................................................................. 167
Durability.............................................................................................................................................. 167
Types of Transactions................................................................................................................................... 167
Performing Transaction Management........................................................................................................ 168
Describing the Wrapper Interface ........................................................................................................................171
The isWrapperFor() Method........................................................................................................................ 171
The unwrap() Method .................................................................................................................................. 171
Describing SQLException......................................................................................................................................171
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................173
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................174
Chapter 6: Understanding Java Servlet ..........................................................175
Understanding the Need for Server-Side Extensions ........................................................................................176
Introducing CGI......................................................................................................................................................176
Introducing Java Servlet ........................................................................................................................................178
Advantages of a Servlet................................................................................................................................ 178
New Features of Servlet 2.5.......................................................................................................................... 178
Exploring the Servlet Container ...........................................................................................................................180
Describing the Request Processing Mechanism........................................................................................ 180
Describing the Types of Servlet Container Configurations..................................................................... 180

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The Standalone Container .................................................................................................................. 181
The In-Process Container.................................................................................................................... 181
The Out-Process Containers............................................................................................................... 182
Introducing the Servlet API...................................................................................................................................182
Describing the javax.servlet Package.......................................................................................................... 183
Describing the javax.servlet.http Package.................................................................................................. 184
Implementing a Servlet Object..............................................................................................................................185
The javax.servlet.Servlet Interface............................................................................................................... 185
The javax.servlet.ServletConfig Interface<H2>......................................................................................... 185
Understanding the Servlet LifeCycle ...................................................................................................................186
Describing the Stages of the Servlet LifeCycle .......................................................................................... 186
Loading a Servlet ................................................................................................................................. 186
Initializing a Servlet............................................................................................................................. 187
Handling Request................................................................................................................................ 187
Destroying a Servlet (End of service)................................................................................................ 189
Exploring the Servlet Life Cycle Methods ................................................................................................. 189
The init () method ................................................................................................................................ 189
The service( ) Method.......................................................................................................................... 189
The destroy () Method......................................................................................................................... 190
Developing the First Servlet Application ............................................................................................................190
Creating the home.html Page ...................................................................................................................... 190
Creating the LifeCycleServlet...................................................................................................................... 191
Creating the Deployment Descriptor ......................................................................................................... 191
Deploying Web Application........................................................................................................................ 192
Running the LifeCycle Application ............................................................................................................ 193
Understanding the Request Processing Workflow ............................................................................................194
Request Navigation....................................................................................................................................... 195
Request Delegation ....................................................................................................................................... 196
Working with the GenericServlet Class...............................................................................................................197
Exploring Methods of the GenericServlet Class ...................................................................................... 198
Using the GenericServlet Class .................................................................................................................. 199
Creating the Home.html Page............................................................................................................ 199
Developing the HelloServlet.java Servlet......................................................................................... 200
Deploying and Running the Application ......................................................................................... 200
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................201
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................202
Chapter 7: Understanding Request Processing and HTTP...........................203
Implementing the ServletRequest Interface........................................................................................................204
Managing the Servlet Object as a Throwaway Object.............................................................................. 204

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xii
Managing the ServletRequest Object Pool................................................................................................. 204
Working with Request Parameters............................................................................................................. 205
Creating the Login Form..................................................................................................................... 206
Creating the LoginServlet Servlet...................................................................................................... 206
Creating the Deployment Descriptor File......................................................................................... 208
Running the Application .................................................................................................................... 209
Working with Initialization Parameters ..............................................................................................................210
Exploring the Need for Initialization Parameters..................................................................................... 211
Retrieving Initialization Parameters........................................................................................................... 211
Handling Servlet Initialization Parameters ............................................................................................... 212
Creating the Home.html File.............................................................................................................. 212
Creating the InitParamsServlet Servlet............................................................................................. 212
Working with Context Initialization Parameters................................................................................................216
Retrieving Context Initialization Parameters ............................................................................................ 216
Using Context Initialization Parameters .................................................................................................... 216
Creating the Login.html File .............................................................................................................. 217
Creating the Register.html File .......................................................................................................... 218
Creating the RegistrationServlet Servlet........................................................................................... 219
Creating the LoginServlet Servlet...................................................................................................... 221
Understanding ServletResponse...........................................................................................................................227
Understanding Request Dispatching...................................................................................................................228
Navigation...................................................................................................................................................... 229
Delegation ...................................................................................................................................................... 230
Dispatching the Request........................................................................................................................................230
Getting a RequestDispatcher object............................................................................................................ 230
The getRequestDispatcher() Method of ServletContext ................................................................. 230
The getNamedDispatcher() Method of ServletContext .................................................................. 231
The getRequestDispatcher() Method of ServletRequest................................................................. 231
Comparing the getRequestDispatcher() Methods of ServletContext and ServletRequest......... 231
Comparing the getRequestDispatcher() & getNamedDispatcher() Methods.............................. 232
Understanding the include() and forward() Methods of RequestDispatcher ....................................... 232
Describing the include() Method....................................................................................................... 232
Describing the forward() Method...................................................................................................... 234
Comparing the include() and forward() Methods........................................................................... 235

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xiii
Considering the Situations to use the include() and forward() Methods..................................... 236
Working with RequestDispatcher............................................................................................................... 236
Creating the TestServlet1 Servlet....................................................................................................... 237
Creating the TestServlet2 Servlet....................................................................................................... 238
Describing Request Attributes..............................................................................................................................242
Working with Request Attributes............................................................................................................... 242
Creating the ValidationServlet Servlet.............................................................................................. 243
Creating the AddServlet Servlet ........................................................................................................ 244
Creating the SubServlet Servlet ......................................................................................................... 244
Creating the ResponseServlet Servlet ............................................................................................... 245
Describing HTTP Basic ..........................................................................................................................................249
Describing HTTP Status Codes ................................................................................................................... 249
1XX – Informational ............................................................................................................................ 249
2XX – Success ....................................................................................................................................... 249
3XX – Redirection ................................................................................................................................ 249
4XX – Client Error................................................................................................................................ 250
5XX – Server Error ............................................................................................................................... 250
Describing the HttpServletRequest & HttpServletResponse Interfaces ..........................................................250
Working with HttpServletRequest ............................................................................................................. 251
Working with HttpServletResponse........................................................................................................... 251
Exploring the Methods for Response Headers ................................................................................ 252
Exploring the Methods for Buffering................................................................................................ 253
Comparing RequestDispatcher forward and sendRedirect........................................................... 253
Handling the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse Interfaces ............................................... 254
Creating the HttpServletRequestEx Servlet ..................................................................................... 254
Describing HttpServlet...........................................................................................................................................258
The HttpServlet Lifecycle............................................................................................................................. 259
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................259
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................260

Table of Contents
xiv
Chapter 8: Handling Sessions in Servlet ........................................................261
Introducing Session Tracking ...............................................................................................................................262
Describing URL Rewriting ....................................................................................................................................263
Using Query String for URL Rewriting...................................................................................................... 263
Using Path Info for URL Rewriting ............................................................................................................ 263
Listing the Disadvantages of URL Rewriting............................................................................................ 264
Considering Situations to use URL Rewriting .......................................................................................... 264
Exploring Hidden Form Field...............................................................................................................................264
Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Hidden Form Field ....................................................... 265
Considering the Situations to use Hidden Form Fields ........................................................................... 265
Working with URL Rewriting and Hidden Form Field ....................................................................................265
Creating the SiteHome.html Page............................................................................................................... 265
Creating the Login.html Page...................................................................................................................... 266
Creating the Send.html Page ....................................................................................................................... 266
Creating the DriverConnection.java File.................................................................................................... 266
Creating the UserDAO.java File.................................................................................................................. 267
Creating the LoginServlet.java Servlet ....................................................................................................... 267
Creating the Mail.java File ........................................................................................................................... 269
Creating the MailsDAO.java File ................................................................................................................ 270
Creating the InboxServlet.java Servlet ....................................................................................................... 271
Creating the ViewMailServlet.java Servlet ................................................................................................ 272
Creating the SendReplyServlet.java Servlet............................................................................................... 274
Creating the Deployment Descriptor File.................................................................................................. 275
Creating the Database Tables ...................................................................................................................... 276
Creating the Directory Structure................................................................................................................. 277
Running the Application.............................................................................................................................. 277
Describing Cookies.................................................................................................................................................279
Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Cookies........................................................................... 280
Considering the Situations to use Cookies ................................................................................................ 280
Using Cookies .........................................................................................................................................................281
Creating the Home.html File ....................................................................................................................... 281
Creating the AddCookieServlet.java File................................................................................................... 281
Creating the GetCookieServlet.java File..................................................................................................... 282
Creating the web.xml File ............................................................................................................................ 282
Exploring HttpSession ...........................................................................................................................................284
Creating a Session Object............................................................................................................................. 285
Locating a Session Object Associated with the Current Request............................................................ 285
Difference between the getSession() and getSession(Boolean) Methods...................................... 285

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Storing Information in a Session ................................................................................................................. 285
Attaching the Session Identity to the URLs............................................................................................... 286
Looking up Information in a Session.......................................................................................................... 287
Discarding Completed or Abandoned Sessions........................................................................................ 287
Listing the Advantages and Disadvantages of HttpSession.................................................................... 288
Considering the Situations to use HttpSession ......................................................................................... 288
Threading Issues of a Session............................................................................................................. 288
Sessions in a Clustered Environment................................................................................................ 288
Working with HttpSession....................................................................................................................................288
Creating the Login.html File........................................................................................................................ 289
Creating the DriverConnection.java File.................................................................................................... 289
Creating the UserDAO.java File.................................................................................................................. 290
Creating the Product.java File ..................................................................................................................... 290
Creating the ProductsDAO.java File .......................................................................................................... 291
Creating the LoginServlet.java File............................................................................................................. 291
Creating the UserHomeServlet.java File.................................................................................................... 292
Creating the GetProductsServlet.java File ................................................................................................. 293
Creating the AddProductServlet.java File ................................................................................................. 295
Creating the GetCartDetailsServlet.java File............................................................................................. 297
Creating the LogoutServlet.java File........................................................................................................... 298
Creating the web.xml File ............................................................................................................................ 299
Describing Servlet Context Attributes .................................................................................................................304
Context Attributes in a Distributed Container.......................................................................................... 304
Differences Between Parameters and Attributes............................................................................. 304
Describing Scopes of the Web Application Objects ...........................................................................................304
Exploring the Single Thread Model .....................................................................................................................305
Explaining the Need of Synchronization in Servlets................................................................................ 305
Implementing SingleThreadModel............................................................................................................. 306
Describing the ServletOutputStream Class.........................................................................................................307
Using ServletOutputStream......................................................................................................................... 307
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................309
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................310
Chapter 9: Implementing Filters, Listeners, and Wrappers.......................... 311
Exploring Filters......................................................................................................................................................312
Filter Interception Design Pattern............................................................................................................... 312
Filter API ........................................................................................................................................................ 313
The Filter Interface............................................................................................................................... 313
The FilterConfig Interface................................................................................................................... 314
The FilterChain Interface .................................................................................................................... 314

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xvi
Working With Filters .................................................................................................................................... 314
Creating the TestServlet.java File ...................................................................................................... 315
Creating the MyFilter1.java File......................................................................................................... 315
Creating the MyFilter2.java File......................................................................................................... 316
Configuring the Filters Application .................................................................................................. 316
Changes in Servlet 2.4 in Filter Configurations......................................................................................... 320
Using Filters with the forward( ) and include( ) Methods ............................................................. 320
Describing Listeners...............................................................................................................................................321
Need of Event Programming and Importance of Listeners..................................................................... 321
Types of Listeners ......................................................................................................................................... 321
Describing the Listener Interfaces............................................................................................................... 322
The ServletContextListener Interface................................................................................................ 323
The ServletContextAttributeListener Interface................................................................................ 327
The HttpSessionListener Interface..................................................................................................... 332
The HttpSessionAttributeListener Interface .................................................................................... 332
The HttpSessionBindingListener Interface....................................................................................... 337
The HttpSessionActivationListener Interface .................................................................................. 340
The ServletRequestListener Interface................................................................................................ 340
The ServletRequestAttributeListener Interface................................................................................ 341
Describing Wrappers .............................................................................................................................................341
Need of Wrappers......................................................................................................................................... 341
Types of Wrapper Classes............................................................................................................................ 341
The ServletRequestWrapper Class .................................................................................................... 342
The ServletResponseWrapper Class.................................................................................................. 342
The HttpServletRequestWrapper Class............................................................................................ 343
The HttpServletResponseWrapper Class ......................................................................................... 343
Using Wrappers............................................................................................................................................. 344
Creating the TestServlet.java File ...................................................................................................... 344
Creating the MyRequestWrapper.java File...................................................................................... 345
Creating the MyResponseWrapper.java File.................................................................................... 345
Creating the MyWrapperFilter.java File........................................................................................... 346
Creating the Web.xml File.................................................................................................................. 346
Deploying and Running the Application ......................................................................................... 347
Applet to Servlet Communication........................................................................................................................348
An Example Using Applet in Servlet.......................................................................................................... 348
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................351
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................351

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xvii
Chapter 10: Introduction to JSP ..................................................................... 353
Understanding JSP ................................................................................................................................................. 354
Advantages of JSP over Servlets ................................................................................................................. 355
Introducing the Tag-Based Approach ........................................................................................................ 356
Describing the JSP Architecture .................................................................................................................. 357
JSP Model I architecture...................................................................................................................... 357
Describing the JSP Life-Cycle................................................................................................................................ 358
The Page Translation Stage.......................................................................................................................... 358
The Compilation Stage ................................................................................................................................. 360
The Loading & Initialization Stage ............................................................................................................. 360
The Request Handling Stage........................................................................................................................ 361
The Destroying Stage.................................................................................................................................... 361
Creating Simple JSP Pages..................................................................................................................................... 361
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................. 364
Exercise .................................................................................................................................................................... 364
Chapter 11: Working with JSP Basic Tags and Implicit Objects ................. 365
Exploring Scripting Tags ....................................................................................................................................... 366
Types of Scripting Tags ................................................................................................................................ 366
The Scriptlet Tag.................................................................................................................................. 366
The Declarative Tag............................................................................................................................. 367
The Expression Tag ............................................................................................................................. 367
Working with JSP Scripting Tags................................................................................................................ 368
Exploring Implicit Objects..................................................................................................................................... 370
Features of Implicit Objects ......................................................................................................................... 370
Types of Implicit Objects.............................................................................................................................. 370
The request Object ............................................................................................................................... 371
The response Object............................................................................................................................. 371
The out Object ...................................................................................................................................... 371
The page Object.................................................................................................................................... 371
The pageContext Object...................................................................................................................... 371
The application Object ........................................................................................................................ 371
The session Object................................................................................................................................ 371
The config Object ................................................................................................................................. 371
The exception Object ........................................................................................................................... 371
Working with Implicit Objects .................................................................................................................... 372
Exploring Directive Tags ....................................................................................................................................... 376
Types of Directive Tags................................................................................................................................ 377
The Page Directive Tag ....................................................................................................................... 377
The Include Directive.......................................................................................................................... 378

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The Taglib Directive ............................................................................................................................ 378
Working with JSP Directive Tags................................................................................................................ 379
Summary.................................................................................................................................................................. 382
Exercise .................................................................................................................................................................... 382
Chapter 12: Working with JavaBeans and Action Tags in JSP ................... 383
What is JavaBean?..................................................................................................................................................384
Advantages of using JavaBeans .................................................................................................................. 384
Action Tags..............................................................................................................................................................384
Describing the Include Tag .......................................................................................................................... 385
Difference Between Include Directive and Include Action............................................................ 385
Describing the Forward Tag ........................................................................................................................ 386
Describing the Param Tag............................................................................................................................ 386
name ...................................................................................................................................................... 387
value ...................................................................................................................................................... 387
Describing the useBean Tag......................................................................................................................... 390
Describing the Attributes of the <jsp:useBean> Tag....................................................................... 390
Using the <jsp:useBean> Tag Attributes .......................................................................................... 391
Generating Servlets with the <jsp:useBean> Tag ............................................................................ 392
Describing the setProperty Tag................................................................................................................... 393
name ...................................................................................................................................................... 393
property ................................................................................................................................................ 393
value ...................................................................................................................................................... 394
param .................................................................................................................................................... 394
Describing the getProperty Tag................................................................................................................... 395
The name Attribute ............................................................................................................................. 395
The property Attribute........................................................................................................................ 395
Plugin.............................................................................................................................................................. 395
Params ............................................................................................................................................................ 396
Fallback........................................................................................................................................................... 396
Attribute ......................................................................................................................................................... 396
Body................................................................................................................................................................ 397
Element........................................................................................................................................................... 397
Text.................................................................................................................................................................. 398
Declaring a Bean in a JSP.......................................................................................................................................398
Creating a Bean.............................................................................................................................................. 398
Declaring the Bean in a JSP.......................................................................................................................... 399
Accessing the Bean Properties..................................................................................................................... 399
Generating Dynamic Content within a JSP................................................................................................ 400
Deploying and Running Application ......................................................................................................... 401

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xix
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................403
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................404
Chapter 13: Enhancing the JSP Tags Support .............................................. 405
Custom Tags............................................................................................................................................................406
Need of Custom Tags ................................................................................................................................... 406
Elements of Custom Tags............................................................................................................................. 407
Tag Library Descriptor........................................................................................................................ 407
Tag Handler.......................................................................................................................................... 408
The Tag Extension API...........................................................................................................................................410
Empty Tags..............................................................................................................................................................411
Empty Tag Handler Life Cycle.................................................................................................................... 412
Using Empty Tags......................................................................................................................................... 412
Body Content Tag Interface...................................................................................................................................420
Body Tag Handler Life Cycle ...................................................................................................................... 420
Using BodyContent Tag .............................................................................................................................. 421
Iteration tag Interface.............................................................................................................................................429
Iteration Tag Handler Life Cycle................................................................................................................. 429
Simple Tags .............................................................................................................................................................433
Life Cycle of Simple Tag Handlers ............................................................................................................. 433
Differences between Simple Tag and Classic Tag Handlers ................................................................... 435
The TryCatchFinally Interface ..............................................................................................................................435
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................436
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................436
Chapter 14: Understanding JSP Expression Language ............................... 437
Basic Syntax of using EL........................................................................................................................................438
Types of EL Expressions............................................................................................................................... 438
Immediate and Deferred Expressions............................................................................................... 439
Value Expressions................................................................................................................................ 439
Method Expressions............................................................................................................................ 440
Tag Attribute Types...................................................................................................................................... 440
Resolving EL Expressions ............................................................................................................................ 441
Describing the EL Resolver Classes................................................................................................... 441
EL Operators.................................................................................................................................................. 443
Types of EL Operators ........................................................................................................................ 443
An Example of Using EL Operators.................................................................................................. 444
Implicit EL Objects........................................................................................................................................ 445
Example 1 of Using Implicit EL Objects ........................................................................................... 447
Example 2 of Using Implicit EL Objects ........................................................................................... 449

Table of Contents
xx
Introducing Functions with EL.............................................................................................................................451
Using EL Functions ................................................................................................................................................451
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................453
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................453
Chapter 15: Implementing Internationalization ............................................. 455
Introducing Internationalization ..........................................................................................................................456
Java and Internationalization................................................................................................................................456
Describing the Locale Class ......................................................................................................................... 456
Parameters of the Locale Object......................................................................................................... 457
Using the Locale Class ........................................................................................................................ 457
Describing the ResourceBundle Class ........................................................................................................ 458
The PropertyResourceBundle Class.................................................................................................. 459
The ListResourceBundle Class........................................................................................................... 461
Internationalizing Web Applications...................................................................................................................463
Creating the JSP Views................................................................................................................................. 464
Creating the index.html View............................................................................................................ 464
Creating the Home.jsp View .............................................................................................................. 464
Creating the I18NServlet Class.................................................................................................................... 465
Creating the Resource Bundles.................................................................................................................... 465
Configuring the Application........................................................................................................................ 466
Designing the Application Directory Structure ........................................................................................ 466
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................468
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................468
Chapter 16: Working with JSP Standard Tag Library (JSTL)....................... 469
Describing JSTL Core Tags....................................................................................................................................470
General-Purpose Tags .................................................................................................................................. 470
The <c:out> tag .................................................................................................................................... 470
The <c:set> Tag .................................................................................................................................... 472
The <c:remove> Tag............................................................................................................................ 473
The <c:catch> Tag................................................................................................................................ 473
Conditional and Looping Tags.................................................................................................................... 473
Types of Conditional and Looping Tags .......................................................................................... 473
Using Conditional and Looping Tags............................................................................................... 475
Networking Tags........................................................................................................................................... 480
The <c:import> Tag............................................................................................................................. 480
The <c:url> Tag.................................................................................................................................... 480
The <c:redirect> Tag............................................................................................................................ 481

Table of Contents
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The <c:param> Tag.............................................................................................................................. 481
Describing the JSTL SQL Tags ..............................................................................................................................481
Types of JSTL SQL Tags ............................................................................................................................... 481
The <sql:query> Tag............................................................................................................................ 482
The <sql:update> Tag ......................................................................................................................... 482
The <sql:param> Tag .......................................................................................................................... 482
The <sql:dateParam> Tag................................................................................................................... 483
The <sql:setDataSource> Tag............................................................................................................. 483
The <sql:transaction> Tag .................................................................................................................. 483
Using JSTL SQL Tags.................................................................................................................................... 483
JSTL Formatting Tags.............................................................................................................................................486
Basic Formatting Tags .................................................................................................................................. 486
Types of Basic Formatting Tags......................................................................................................... 486
Using Basic JSTL Formatting Tags .................................................................................................... 488
Number Formatting Tags............................................................................................................................. 490
Types of Number Formatting Tags ................................................................................................... 490
Using Number Format Tags............................................................................................................... 491
Date Formatting Tags ................................................................................................................................... 494
Types of Date Formatting Tags.......................................................................................................... 494
Using Date Formatting Tags .............................................................................................................. 495
Time Zone Formatting Tags......................................................................................................................... 497
Types of Time Zone Formatting Tags............................................................................................... 497
Using TimeZone Formatting Tags..................................................................................................... 497
JSTL XML Tags .......................................................................................................................................................499
XML Core Tags.............................................................................................................................................. 499
The <x:parse> Tag ............................................................................................................................... 500
The <x:out> Tag................................................................................................................................... 500
The <x:set> Tag.................................................................................................................................... 500
XML Flow Control Tags............................................................................................................................... 500
The <x:if> Tag ...................................................................................................................................... 501
The <x:choose> Tag............................................................................................................................. 501
The <x:when> Tag............................................................................................................................... 501
The <x:otherwise> Tag........................................................................................................................ 501
The <x:forEach> tag ............................................................................................................................ 501
XML Transformation Tags........................................................................................................................... 502
The <x:transform> Tag........................................................................................................................ 502
The <x:param> Tag ............................................................................................................................. 502
Implementing JSTL Tags .......................................................................................................................................502
Summary..................................................................................................................................................................506
Exercise ....................................................................................................................................................................506

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