The document discusses dynamic programming and how it can be used to calculate the 20th term of the Fibonacci sequence. Dynamic programming breaks problems down into overlapping subproblems, solves each subproblem once, and stores the results for future use. It explains that the Fibonacci sequence can be calculated recursively with each term equal to the sum of the previous two. To calculate the 20th term, dynamic programming would calculate each preceding term only once and store the results, building up the solution from previously solved subproblems until it reaches the 20th term.