A galaxy is a large collection of stars, gas, dust and dark matter held together by gravity. Galaxies come in three main types - ellipticals, spirals and irregulars. Elliptical galaxies have an ellipsoidal shape and little structure, while spiral galaxies have a central bulge and spiral arms. Irregular galaxies have an uncommon, chaotic appearance without defined structure. Edwin Hubble developed the Hubble sequence in 1926 to classify galaxies based on their visual morphology into these main types.
A power point for a high school astronomy class which includes some basic information about stars in general including some links to other information.
A lecture I'd given on spiral galaxies, barred spirals, mass of galaxies, Sgr A, Elliptical galaxies, standard candles, dark matter, composition of the universe, back in my university days.
You probably need to download the file for the animations to work.
The aim of this quiz is to test your students' knowledge on the Milky Way Galaxy, and revise relevant vocabulary. It contains twenty questions. There is a scoreboard to keep track of points in case you would like to do the quiz as a team game.
A power point for a high school astronomy class which includes some basic information about stars in general including some links to other information.
A lecture I'd given on spiral galaxies, barred spirals, mass of galaxies, Sgr A, Elliptical galaxies, standard candles, dark matter, composition of the universe, back in my university days.
You probably need to download the file for the animations to work.
The aim of this quiz is to test your students' knowledge on the Milky Way Galaxy, and revise relevant vocabulary. It contains twenty questions. There is a scoreboard to keep track of points in case you would like to do the quiz as a team game.
In this guide, we explore the fascinating world of galaxies, those vast cosmic structures made up of billions of stars. We provide a deeper understanding of the different types of galaxies and the processes that shape their existence.
The journey begins with an introduction, setting the stage for our exploration. We then dive into the colossal islands of stars, discovering the mind-boggling scale of these galactic entities. From there, we delve into the intricate details of billions of stars, uncovering the magnitude and diversity within these cosmic neighborhoods.
We focus on spiral galaxies, investigating their graceful arms and mesmerizing beauty. We learn about their distinct features, such as the central bulge and spiral arms, and explore the different subtypes.
In contrast, we encounter elliptical galaxies, with their smooth and elongated shapes. We explore their origins and the processes that lead to their formation.
We also explore irregular galaxies, with their irregular shapes and diverse compositions. We examine their origins and the forces that contribute to their chaotic nature.
Supermassive black holes, lurking at the hearts of galaxies, are an essential part of the discussion. We delve into their formation, growth, and influence on galactic evolution.
As we progress further, we unravel the cosmic evolution of galaxies and explore the mechanisms that drive their formation and transformation over time.
Galaxy classification takes center stage as we examine different systems used by astronomers. We explore the Hubble sequence and its significance in understanding the diverse array of galactic structures.
We delve deeper into the classification of spiral galaxies, exploring their subtypes like barred spirals and their unique features.
Elliptical galaxies also receive a closer look as we investigate their classification system and the factors contributing to their diverse range of shapes and sizes.
We witness cosmic collisions between galaxies and explore the remarkable transformations that occur as a result, providing insights into galactic evolution.
Active galactic nuclei offer a glimpse into some of the most energetic phenomena in the universe. We examine the powerful forces at play within these galactic powerhouses and explore the supermassive black holes at their cores.
In conclusion, this comprehensive guide aims to provide a deeper understanding of galaxies, those awe-inspiring structures that have captivated humanity for centuries. Whether you are an amateur stargazer or a seasoned astronomer, we hope this resource will ignite your curiosity and inspire you to continue exploring the wonders of our vast universe.
Download our free PDF now and embark on a journey through the cosmos: https://theuniverseepisodes.com/what-is-galaxy-pdf-free-download/
introduction to galaxies in space.
chapter 9 earth and space class.
about the scientist edwin hubble.
and his theories. The study of asstronomy. space study of planets and galaxies.
It presents about normal galaxy and how it differs to other type of galaxy. The types of galaxies are also presented like spiral galaxies, barred spiral, ellipticals, lenticulars and irregular galaxies with examples and pictures for further explanation.
Cosmic dinosaurs globular clusters and their fate wonderdome
If you look at the night sky with a telescope, you will notice fuzzy patches among the stars. Some of them are shapeless blobs, others are round. These are star clusters, the giant groups of stars held together by gravity.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
5. The Hubble classification system rates elliptical galaxies on
the basis of their ellipticity, ranging from E0, being nearly
spherical, up to E7, which is highly elongated. These galaxies
have an ellipsoidalprofile, giving them an elliptical
appearance regardless of the viewing angle. Their appearance
shows little structure and they typically have relatively little
interstellar matter. Consequently, these galaxies also have a
low portion of open clusters and a reduced rate of new star
formation. Instead they are dominated by generally older,
more evolved stars that are orbiting the common center of
gravity in random directions. The stars contain low
abundances of heavy elements because star formation ceases
after the initial burst. In this sense they have some similarity
to the much smaller globular clusters.
6. An irregular galaxy is a galaxy that does not have a
distinct regular shape, unlike a spiral or an
elliptical galaxy.[1]
The shape of an irregular galaxy is
uncommon – they do not fall into any of the regular
classes of the Hubble sequence, and they are often
chaotic in appearance, with neither a nuclear bulge
nor any trace of spiral arm structure.[2]
7. Spiral galaxies resemble spiraling
pinwheels. Though the stars and other
visible material contained in such a galaxy
lie mostly on a plane, the majority of mass
in spiral galaxies exists in a roughly
spherical halo of dark matter that extends
beyond the visible component, as
demonstrated by the universal rotation
curve concept.
8. A majority of spiral galaxies, including our own Milky Way
galaxy, have a linear, bar-shaped band of stars that extends
outward to either side of the core, then merges into the
spiral arm structure.[64]
In the Hubble classification scheme,
these are designated by an SB, followed by a lower-case letter
(a, b or c) that indicates the form of the spiral arms (in the
same manner as the categorization of normal spiral
galaxies). Bars are thought to be temporary structures that
can occur as a result of a density wave radiating outward
from the core, or else due to a tidal interaction with another
galaxy.[65]
Many barred spiral galaxies are active, possibly as
a result of gas being channeled into the core along the arms.
9. Peculiar galaxies are galactic formations
that develop unusual properties due to tidal
interactions with other galaxies. An
example of this is the ring galaxy, which
possesses a ring-like structure of stars and
interstellar medium surrounding a bare
core. A ring galaxy is thought to occur
when a smaller galaxy passes through the
core of a spiral galaxy.[70]
Such an event may
have affected the Andromeda Galaxy, as it
displays a multi-ring-like structure when
[
10. A lenticular galaxy is an intermediate form that has
properties of both elliptical and spiral galaxies. These
are categorized as Hubble type S0, and they possess
ill-defined spiral arms with an elliptical halo of
stars[72] (barred lenticular galaxies receive Hubble
classification SB0.)
11. Despite the prominence of large elliptical and
spiral galaxies, most galaxies in the Universe are
dwarf galaxies. These galaxies are relatively small
when compared with other galactic formations,
being about one hundredth the size of the Milky
Way, containing only a few billion stars. Ultra-
compact dwarf galaxies have recently been
discovered that are only 100 parsecs across.
12. A shell galaxy is a type of elliptical galaxy where the stars
in the galaxy's halo are arranged in concentric shells.
About 1/10 tenth of elliptical galaxies have a shell-like
structure, which has never been observed in spiral
galaxies. The shell-like structures are thought to develop
when a larger galaxy absorbs a smaller companion galaxy.
As the two galaxy centers approach, the centers start to
oscillate around a center point, the oscillation creates
gravitational ripples forming the shells of stars, similar to
ripples spreading on water. For example, galaxy NGC 3923
has over twenty shells.
13. A dark galaxy is a gas-rich galaxy
from the early Universe that is
inefficient at forming stars. Dark
galaxies receive their name
because they have no visible stars.
14. The Hubble sequence is a
morphological classification scheme for galaxies invented by
Edwin Hubble in 1926.[1][2][3][4]
It is often known colloquially as
the Hubble tuning fork diagram because of the shape in
which it is traditionally represented.
Tuning-fork style diagram of the Hubble sequence
Hubble’s scheme divides regular galaxies into 3 broad classes
- ellipticals, lenticulars and spirals - based on their visual
appearance (originally on photographic plates). A fourth class
contains galaxies with an irregular appearance. To this day, the
Hubble sequence is the most commonly used system for
classifying galaxies, both in professional astronomical research
and in amateur astronomy.