I share my slides with you, hoping that will be helpful with homework. :)

1. By Rosa Angélica Sánchez Pérez Act. 1.8
Degree: English Language

2. Computer Assisted
Language Learning
(CALL): an
introduction
Three phases of CALL:
 Behavioristic CALL
 Communicative CALL
 Integrative CALL

3.  Behavioristic CALL
The first phase of CALL, conceived in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s and '70s, was based on
the then-dominant behaviorist theories of learning. Programs of this phase entailed repetitive language
drills and can be referred to as "drill and practice”.
Drill and practice courseware is based on the model of computer as tutor. In other words the computer
serves as a vehicle for delivering instructional materials to the student.
 Communicative CALL
The second phase of CALL was based on the communicative approach to teaching which became
prominent in the 1970s and 80s. Proponents of this approach felt that the drill and practice programs of
the previous decade did not allow enough authentic communication to be of much value.
One of the main advocates of this new approach was John Underwood, who in 1984 proposed a series of
"Premises for 'Communicative' CALL“.

4.  Integrative CALL
Steps toward integrative CALL: multimedia
 Integrative approaches to CALL are based on two important technological developments of the last
decade - multimedia computers and the Internet. Multimedia technology - exemplified today by the CD-
ROM - allows a variety of media (text, graphics, sound, animation, and video) to be accessed on a
single machine. What makes multimedia even more powerful is that it also entails hypermedia. That
means that the multimedia resources are all linked together and that learners can navigate their own
path simply by pointing and clicking a mouse.
Steps toward integrative CALL: the Internet
 Computer Mediated Communication (CMC), which has existed in primitive form since the 1960s but
has only became wide-spread in the last five years, is probably the single computer application to date
with the greatest impact on language teaching.

5. Information and
Communication
s Technology
(ICT)
ICT and development
Refers to the application of information and communication
technologies (ICTs) toward social, economic, and political
development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and
marginalized people and communities. It aims to help in international
development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable
access to technologies. ICT4D is grounded in the notions of
"development", "growth", "progress" and "globalization" and is often
interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.

6.  WISS
The world Summit on the information Society phases brought to the forefront the role of ICT for
development organized by the United Nations in conjunction with the ITU, this Summit emphasized
the growing relevance of ICT in the global domain. A summary of the development target for 2015
emerging out of the WSIS.
 ICT and Developing Countries
The birth of internet and growth were in the USA, and this handled, in part, to large distortions in
connectivity between the developed and developing nations. Economics remains the obvious
overarching reason for the continuation of the divide. Much of this divide is due to legacy reasons,
and locations of hosts and users. ICT challenges The simplified model of ICT masks the challenges
that require extensive research, north in technology and in the social sciences.
 ICT challenges
The simplified model of ICT masks the challenges that require extensive reaserch, north in
technology and in the social sciences. Digital divides- Awareness, Availability Accessibility, and
Affordability.

7. • http://www.ict4lt.org/en/warschauer.htm
• Ahmad K., Corbett G., Rogers M., & Sussex R. (1985) Computers, language
learning and language teaching, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rtongia/ICT4SD_Ch_2--ICT.pdf