The document provides a comprehensive overview of acid rain, defining it as precipitation with a pH lower than 5.5 and detailing its causes, primarily from industrial activity and vehicle emissions. It discusses the formation of sulfuric and nitric acids in the atmosphere and the widespread negative effects of acid rain on ecosystems, agriculture, buildings, and human health. Additionally, it includes multiple choice questions and assessment prompts related to the topic.

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2. ACID RAIN
syed Touseef Haidar
(Engineer)

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Contents:
Definition Causes Reactions &
Formation
Effects Questions
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Definition
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adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa
Acid Rain
 The precipitation containing acid in amount more than
usual is called acid rain.
 The rain water having pH less than 5.5 is called acid
rain.
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Causes:
• Burning coal, Oil and natural
gas, in power stations makes
gas, in power stations makes
electricity, giving off sulphur
electricity, giving off sulphur
dioxide gas.
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Industry :
• These gases mix with water These gases mix
with water vapour and rainwater in the vapour
and rainwater in the atmosphere producing
weak atmosphere producing weak solutions
of sulphuric and solutions of sulphuric and
nitric acids – which fall as acid nitric acids –
which fall as acid rain
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• Burning petrol and oil in Burning petrol and oil in
vehicle engines gives off vehicle engines gives off
nitrogen oxides as gases.

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Chart:
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Reactions & Formation:
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are
emitted into the atmosphere and transported by
wind and air currents. The SO2 and NOX react with
water, oxygen and other chemicals to form sulfuric
and nitric acids. These then mix with water and
other materials before falling to the ground.
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Equation:
9
Pollutants react with water to form acids.

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Effects of Acid Rain
The effects of acid rain, combined with other
environmental stressors, leave trees and plants
less healthy, more vulnerable to cold
temperatures, insects, and disease.
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Effects on agriculture:
Acid rain affects plants directly and decreases soil
quality to reduce yields from agriculture.
Its effects are particularly severe in locations near
sources of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
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Effects on Aquatic:
The ecological effects of acid rain are most
clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as
streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be
harmful to fish and other wildlife
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Effects on drinking water :
Drinking water which has been contaminated
with acid rain can cause brain damage over time.
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Effects on Buildings:
Acid Rain causes extensive damage to
building, statues, bridges, & structural
materials of marble, lime stone, etc
German sandstone statue from 1702
photographed in 1908 (left) and 1969 (right).
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Effects on Soil:
 Acid rain damages soil biology and chemisty.
 Microbes not able to tolerate pH die.
 Upper fertile layer of soil is affect as essential
nutrients are leached away from soil.
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Effects on human health
• The sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases,
causes respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic
bronchitis, etc.
• Tiny Particles cause difficulty in breathing for
humans and animals & also lead to permanent
lung damage
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MCQ’s:
1-The acid rain leach away
(A) Calcium (B) Magnesium
(C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of the elements
2- -------- and water in the air react together to form carbonic acid
(A) Carbon monoxide (B) Carbon dioxide
(C) Carbon (D) All of the above
3-Liquids with a pH less than ___ are acidic
(A) 10 (B) 9
(C) 8 (D) 7
4-Sulphur dioxide is produced by
(A) Lightning strikes (B) Volcanic eruptions
(C) Gasoline engine (D) All of the above
5-Acid Rain is caused by emissions of
(A) Sulphur dioxide (B) Nitrogen oxide
(C) Both (A) and (B) (D) Carbon dioxide
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AFL
(ASSESSMENT FOR LESSON)
• What is acid rain?
• What are some causes of
acid rain?
• what is he effect of acid rain
on aquatic life?
• What is the effect of acid
rain on buildings?
• How can we prevent our
environment from acid rain?
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19. Thank You
Syed Touseef Haidar
Syed.gerdezi@gmail.com