This document discusses communication techniques for assisting victims of road traffic accidents. It begins by outlining the aims of establishing effective communication, using clear language. It then describes the basics of primary or basic exploration for an injured patient, which involves checking if the patient is conscious, breathing, and has a pulse, constituting adult basic life support. Next, it details how to determine the severity of potential head injuries through pupil dilation and the Glasgow Coma Scale. The document provides sample language for communication and examining different body areas like the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and limbs. It concludes with describing various medical procedures and ways to communicate them to the patient.
First Aid for Allied health students 1.10.22.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training
First Aid for Allied health students 1.10.22.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
First Aid for Allied health students 1.10.22.pptxanjalatchi
What is the first aid management?
providing first aid to people who are injured or ill in the workplace. maintaining first aid kits after utilisation in a medical emergency. recording treatments and reporting treatment and incidents. maintaining a current first aid qualification.
The Medicine in Remote Areas (MIRA) Manual is a comprehensive guide designed for medical professionals, emergency responders, and individuals operating in isolated and challenging environments. This manual provides essential knowledge and practical skills necessary for delivering effective medical care where traditional medical resources and immediate evacuation are not readily available.
Expertly crafted, the MIRA Manual covers a wide range of topics, including emergency response planning, trauma management, illness diagnosis, and long-term care in remote settings. Readers will find detailed sections on environmental medicine, addressing challenges such as extreme weather conditions, and wilderness first aid techniques. The manual also delves into specific medical conditions and injuries that are likely to be encountered in remote areas, offering step-by-step procedures for treatment and stabilization.
Ideal for expedition medics, military personnel, remote site workers, and adventure enthusiasts, the MIRA Manual is an invaluable resource for anyone responsible for providing medical care in off-grid locations. It combines theoretical knowledge with practical approaches, ensuring that readers are well-equipped to handle a variety of medical situations in remote settings.
First Aid for Allied health students 1.10.22.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training
First Aid for Allied health students 1.10.22.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is as easy as ABC – airway, breathing and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation). In any situation, apply the DRSABCD Action Plan. DRSABCD stands for: Danger – always check the danger to you, any bystanders and then the injured or ill person.
First Aid for Allied health students 1.10.22.pptxanjalatchi
What is the first aid management?
providing first aid to people who are injured or ill in the workplace. maintaining first aid kits after utilisation in a medical emergency. recording treatments and reporting treatment and incidents. maintaining a current first aid qualification.
The Medicine in Remote Areas (MIRA) Manual is a comprehensive guide designed for medical professionals, emergency responders, and individuals operating in isolated and challenging environments. This manual provides essential knowledge and practical skills necessary for delivering effective medical care where traditional medical resources and immediate evacuation are not readily available.
Expertly crafted, the MIRA Manual covers a wide range of topics, including emergency response planning, trauma management, illness diagnosis, and long-term care in remote settings. Readers will find detailed sections on environmental medicine, addressing challenges such as extreme weather conditions, and wilderness first aid techniques. The manual also delves into specific medical conditions and injuries that are likely to be encountered in remote areas, offering step-by-step procedures for treatment and stabilization.
Ideal for expedition medics, military personnel, remote site workers, and adventure enthusiasts, the MIRA Manual is an invaluable resource for anyone responsible for providing medical care in off-grid locations. It combines theoretical knowledge with practical approaches, ensuring that readers are well-equipped to handle a variety of medical situations in remote settings.
emergency medicine introduction.pdf
Emergency medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the care of illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. Emergency physicians, often called ER doctors, specialize in providing care for unscheduled and undifferentiated patients of all ages. They are trained to assess and treat a wide range of medical conditions, from minor injuries to life-threatening illnesses.
Emergency medicine is a challenging and rewarding field that requires quick thinking, and compassion. Emergency physicians play a vital role in providing life-saving care to patients in need
Basic first aid for beginners other than medical person who would like to know basics of first aid to help in their community in case of accidents and related cases
1. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
ACCIDENTES DE TRÁFICO: EMERGENCIAS,
REANIMACIÓN Y TRANSPORTE SANITARIO
Mª ISABEL HERRANDO RODRIGO
herrando@unizar.es
ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Departamento de Filología Inglesa y Alemana
22 Enero de 2010
Universidad de Zaragoza
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2. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Table of contents
• Introduction: Aims and Communicative Foundations
• Primary or Basic Exploration SVB: Adult Basic Life
Support vs. Advanced Life Support
• Further Exploration
• Procedures
• References
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3. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Table of contents
• Introduction: Aims and Communicative Foundations
• Introduction Aims
To establish effective communication with traffic injuries.
To dominate a useful sytematic communicative
conventions which give us confidence with traffic injuries:
using English as a vehicle or lingua franca for handling
succesfully with these patients .
To be able to acquire basic techniques of spoken grammar:
Direct and clear chunks which will enable us to cope with
non-native speakers of Spanish in stressful situations.
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4. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
1. Introduction
• Communicative Foundations
Look the patient in the eye (if possible).
Use your body language .
Repeat clear, simple and direct statements such as:
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5. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Useful language
• Calm down.
• Take it easy, I´m here with you.
• I´m here to help you. Don´t worry. We are the
emergency medical technicians.
• Please trust me and don´t move. Help us to help you.
• Don´t worry in a short while we will give you a painkiller
but we have to examine you carefully so please you
must cooperate.
• Please trust me, I´m here with you. We are here to help
you and we know what we have to do.
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6. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
2.- Adult Basic Life Support
Is the patient severly injured or not severly injured?
We have to determine if the patient is conscious, if the
patient breaths and if he or she has pulse.
• Basic life support (BLS) is a level of medical care which is used
for patients with life-threatening illness or injury until the patient
can be given full medical care. It can be provided by trained
medical personnel, including emergency medical technicians, and
by laypersons who have received BLS training. BLS is generally
used in the pre-hospital setting, and can be provided without
medical equipment.
• Basic life support consists of a number of life-saving techniques
focused on the medicine "ABC"s of pre-hospital emergency care.
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7. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Adult Basic Life Support
• ABCs (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation)
Airway: the protection and maintenance of a clear passageway for
gases (principally oxygen and carbon dioxide) to pass between
the lungs and the outside of the body
Breathing: inflation and deflation of the lungs (respiration) via the
airway
Circulation: providing an adequate blood supply to the body,
especially critical organs, so as to deliver oxygen to all cells and
remove carbon dioxide. Circulation also includes the control of
potential hemorrhage.
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8. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Adult Advanced Life Support
ALS deals with several techniques addressed to deliver a
defenetely treatment to the patient. They consist of airways
management, proper breathing control, vascular access and drug
administration.
Besides, ALS concerns with the transport and overcoming of the
potential injuries relative to hypoxia/isquemia.
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9. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Enlace a página BLS:
http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/html/abcfirst.html
http://www.healthcarelearning.leeds.ac.uk/pages/learnzone/3_bls/bls_nav.htm
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10. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
How can we dertemine Traumatic Head Injury?
Neurologic Exploration
1.- Pupils dilatation:
• In U.S. medical jargon, it's much more common to say that the
patient's pupils are equal, rather than isochoric. Normal pupils are
usually referred to by the achronym PERRL (pupils equal, round
and reactive to light). In Spanish, PERRL translates to "pupilas
isocoricas y normoreactivas a la luz (sometimes abbreviated
PINRAL)
• Dilated non-reactive pupils. Different dilatation; brain death,
potential donor.
• Pupilary reflex: light reflex; light reflex
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11. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
How can we dertemine Traumatic Head Injury?
2.- Glasgow comma scale:
Better to:
Ocular response (1-4)
Verbal response (1-5)
Motor response (1-6)
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12. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
3.- Further Exploration
Do you suffer from any allergy? ALLERGIC TO ANYTHING?
Have you ever suffered from a severe illness? HAD ANY
SERIOUS ILLNESS? ANY CURRENT ILLNESS?
Have you been operated on? ANY SERIOUS OPERATION?
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13. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Useful language
• Calm down.
• Take it easy, I´m here with you.
• I´m here to help you. Don´t worry. We are the
emergency medical technicians.
• Please trust me and don´t move. Help us to help you.
• Don´t worry in a short while we will give you a painkiller
but we have to examine you carefully so please you
must cooperate.
• Please trust me, I´m here with you. We are here to help
you and we know what we have to do.
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14. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Further Exploration
• How badly hurt/injured the patient is:
What has happened? (What happened to you?)
What´s the matter with you? How do you feel?
Do you feel pain in YOUR joints or muscles?
Was your seatbelt fasten? (evaluating Thoracic pain).
When have you eaten or drunk for the last time? (evaluating the
possibility or vomitting) cough up (blood)
Have you had alcohol or drugs?
How many people travelled with you?
What does it hurt you the most?
Where do you feel pain? That it hurts you?
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15. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• HEAD (Let me examine you)
Have you hit your head?
If so, What part has been hit?
Do you feel any injury invisible to me?Conventionalized
structure based on moves.
Does it hurt when I press here? Does it hurt all the
time?
Have you got a headache?
Do you feel faint?
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16. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• HEAD
Commands:
• Open your mouth. Is there something that bothers you?
Any pain or injury?
• Open and close your eyes. Rise your eyebrows. Follow me
finger while I move it laterally.
• Stick out your tongue. Show me your teeth.
• With your eyes shut or close. Do you feel this?
Caress/prick.
CRANIAL PAIRS (NERVES)
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17. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• NECK
Where does it hurt?
Does it hurt when I touch you?
Undo the cervical collar while exploring the patient’s neck
without routing it.
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18. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• THORAX
Does your chest hurt?
Does it hurt if I press here?
Hurts when breathing? (Asymmetry/Dissymmetry observe if
an hemi thorax rises more than the other when breathing)
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19. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• ABDOMEN
Does your belly hurt?
Does it hurt when pressing? Observe if it is soft or hard
ACUTE ABDOMEN or hot belly/internal hemorrhoid.
Nauseas? Do you feel like vomiting?
Do you feel dizzy?
Do you have the feeling of having swallow blood?
Do you currently suffer from your stomach?
Any ulcer? Do you usually have stomach protectors?
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20. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• UPPER LIMBS
Observe; strength, mobility and sensibility.
Can you rise YOUR arm? Try to separate your arm from
your trunk .
Grasp softly my hand
Close your eyes. Do you feel this?
Do I touch you?
Am I caressing or pricking?
Observe paresthesias. PINS AND NEEDLES (hormigueo)
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21. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Head, neck, thorax, abdomen, upper/lower limbs
• LOWER LIMBS
Observe; strength, mobility and sensibility.
Can you rise YOUR leg? Try to separate your arm from your
floor .
Close your eyes. Do you feel this?
Do I touch you?
Am I caressing or pricking?
Observe paresthesias. PINS AND NEEDLES (hormigueo)
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22. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Useful language
• Calm down.
• Take it easy, I´m here with you.
• I´m here to help you. Don´t worry. We are the
emergency medical technicians.
• Please trust me and don´t move. Help us to help you.
• Don´t worry in a short while we will give you a painkiller
but we have to examine you carefully so please you
must cooperate.
• Please trust me, I´m here with you. We are here to help
you and we know what we have to do.
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23. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
4.- Procedures
Let me examine you. The pronoun WE is preferred to I, this
use of the pronoun projects the idea of a collective decision.
A decision taken by a technicians team.
We´re going to undo your clothes. We are going to have
them cut
I´m going to use some stickers in order to check your heart,
ok?
We´ll give you an injection. [We´re going to give you a shot
(coll injection or pick)]
We’re going to take your blood pressure, we’re going to tire
this around your arm. You will feel a slight pressure.
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24. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Procedures
We are going to use this mask and these tubes to improve
your breathing. Don’t worry is just oxygen.
Now I’m gong to pick your finger to measure and control
your blood-sugar level.
Is it cold? How cold freezing/chilling?
We are going to TAKE YOUR TEMPERATURE using this
gadget in your ear.
We are tiring a rubber band (Elastic band Br.E) around your
arm. You will feel a needle stick, it may hurt, it’s under
control.
We’re going to use a vein puncture because we need to use
a dropper (vein dropper)
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25. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
Procedures
This gadget will tell us how your breathing is going, do not
worry it does not hurt
We are going to clean your injuries. Does it hurt?
You don’t have allergies, do you?
My colleagues are going to take you to hospital by
helicopter. It´s better because is faster
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26. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
5.- References and Aknowledgements
• Useful online medical publications:
Docguide
HealthDay News
New York Times Health Guide
Medical News Today
Johns Hopkins News Release
• Webs used
http://www.englishmed.com/
http://www.medworm.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medical_technician
http://esl.proz.com/
http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/mhcs/
http://www.clinicalanatomy.com/medicalterms.htm
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27. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
References and Aknowledgements
• Sources for medical abbreviations:
http://www.medilexicon.com/medicalabbreviations.php
• Other sources:
Care for You – English for Health and Social Care by Ruth Flaß;
Bildungsverlag EINS Troisdorf 2006; 1. Auflage
English Elements; by Sue Morris and Ann Schmid; Hueber Verlag 2002
English in Medicine by Eric H. Glendinning and Beverly A. S. Holmström;
Cambridge University Press 1998; 2nd edition
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28. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
References and Aknowledgements
I would like to thank your presence and attention here today.
I also owe my gratitude to Pedro Satústegui and J.A. Tobajas
for inviting me to participate with this seminar.
Thank you very much indeed.
If you ever need to contanct me, please write to:
herrando@unizar.es
(Isabel Herrando. Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud)
Have a nice weekend!
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29. ASSISTING ACCIDENT VICTIMS: BASIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES IN ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES
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