The document discusses the history and development of emergency medical systems. It originated with Napoleon's surgeon Dominique Larrey who brought wounded soldiers from the battlefield using horse-drawn litters. In the 1860s, emergency care principles were applied in American cities. The development of the 911 emergency number and ambulances equipped for advanced pre-hospital care have improved emergency response. The emergency medical system involves citizens, dispatchers, first responders, EMTs, hospitals, and extended care to provide emergency aid from injury or illness to definitive treatment.
2. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM
o Emergency Care
- Originated during the French emperor Napoleon’s campaign in the late 1700.
o Dominique Jean Larrey
- Surgeon-in-chief of the Grand Army, 1st doctor to try to save the wounded during
battles instead of waiting until it was over.
Flying Ambulance
- Larrey and his men dashed to the battlefield using horse drawn litters.
1860’s
- Wartime principles of emergency care were applied everyday in some American
Cities.
3. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM
1878
- A writer from Harper’s New Monthly Magazine explained how accidents were
reported to the police, who notified the nearest hospitals by a telegraph signal.
- He described an early hospital ambulance ride in New York City.
“A horse was quickly harnessed to the ambulance and the surgeon took his seat behind, having the first put
on a jaunty uniform cap with gold lettering, the driver sprang to the box and a sharp cracked of the whip it
rolled off into the streets. As it swept around corners and dashed over crossings, both the doctor and driver
kept a sharp cry of warning to pedestrians.”
Industrial Cities – They developed emergency transport system
Rural Populations - Only rudimentary services
4. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SYSTEM
Cars gave Americans a faster system of transport, but car collision created the need for more
emergency services.
The Congress passed laws in 1966 and 1973
- Ordering the improved training and of ambulance workers and emergency
department staff.
Telegraph Signal has been replaced by the 9-1-1 (US) and rescue 117 in the Philippines telephone
codes.
Horses have been replaced by ambulances and helicopters equipped to provide the most
advanced prehospital care available.
5. Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Management
EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICE SYSTEM
Network of health care professionals and
medical personnel that provides emergency
care and transport to the victim of injury and
sudden illness.
EMS is a chain made up of several links. Victim
will move through each link in the chain.
Beginning with the responsible citizen and
ending with a definitive care to restore the
victims health status.
The EMS System has six main components:
- Citizen Responder
- EMS Dispatcher
- First Responder
- Emergency Medical Technician
- Hospital Health Care Providers
- Definitive (extended) Care
6. EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES SYSTEM
All the links should work well together to provide the best possible care to the victims.
Without the involvement of the citizens, the EMS system would not function as effectively.
The citizen’s role in the EMS system includes four basic steps:
- Recognize that an emergency occur
- Decides to act
- Call EMS professionals
- Provide First Aid
First Aid can make a difference between life and death. Either complete recovery or permanent
disability.
7. FIRST AID
It is an immediate care given to a person
who has been injured or suddenly taken ill.
It may include self help when medical
services is delayed or not available.
Objective:
- To alleviate suffering
- To prevent added injury
- To prolong life and save limbs
Characteristics:
- Observant
- Resourceful
- Tactful
- Sympathetic
- Respectable
8. FIRST AID
Role
- Bridge the gap between the victim and the physician.
- Not intended to compete with nor take the place of the services of the physicians.
Needs and Values of First Aid
- To minimize, if not totally prevent, the accident
- To prevent added injury or danger
- Accidents happens and sudden illnesses are common and often serious
- Proper immediate care are necessary to save life and limbs.
9. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY
Emergency
- It is a situation that requires immediate action.
2 Type of Emergency
Medical Emergency
- A sudden illness that requires immediate action / attention, such ass heart attack,
diabetic emergency and epileptic seizures.
Trauma Emergency
- An injury or damage to the body, such as broken arm, or cuts that result from violent
force.
10. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY
Common Indicator of Emergency
- Unusual Noises
- Unusual Sights
- Unusual Odor
- Unusual Appearance
- Breathing Difficulties
- Clutching The Chest
- Slurred Or Hesitant To Speech
- Confused Behavior
- Uncharacteristic Skin Color
11. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY
The Do’s
Obtain Consent
Think of the Worst
Call for help
Identify yourself
Provide comfort / Emotional Support
Be calm and direct as much as possible
Care for the most serious injuries first
The Don'ts
Arouse unconscious patients
Administer fluids
Let the victim see his injury
Leave the victim alone
Assume the patients injuries are the only one
Make unrealistic promises
Require the patients to make decisions
The Golden Rule
12. RECOGNIZING EMERGENCY
Barriers to Action
- Presence of bystanders
- Uncertainty about the victim
- Nature of the injury or illness
- Fear of disease transmission
- Fear of doing something wrong
13. Standard Precaution Against Disease Transmission
Personal Hygiene
- Hand Washing
- Proper Grooming
Protective Equipment / Body Substance Isolation
- Mask, Goggles, Surgical Gloves, Gown
Handle all needles, intravenous equipment and sharp instrument with extreme care.
Proper Immunizations
- DPT (diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus)in childhood
- Tetanus Booster every 10 years
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (German Measles), Polio and Hepatitis B
15. Preparing for Emergency
Keep all important information about you and your family members in a handy place.
Keep emergency numbers of the following:
- Police and Fire Department, Poison Control Center, and Family Physician
Number
Keep first aid kit available
Learn First Aid
Have a prepared fire and emergency evacuation plan
Make sure your House No. is easy to ready. Take note of landmarks
Wear a medical alert tags if you have a potential serious medical condition
