Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness and coughing. It affects approximately 25 lakh Indians every year. The two main types are allergic asthma triggered by allergens, and non-allergic asthma triggered by irritants. Symptoms include wheezing, dyspnea, cough and chest tightness. Diagnosis involves history, examination, pulmonary function tests and allergy testing. Treatment includes inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists and short-acting bronchodilators. Emphysema is a lung condition where the air sacs enlarge, causing breathlessness. It is usually caused by heavy smoking and affects
Acute Asthma Mr. Jefferson who is aged 30 years old walks into y.docxMARK547399
Acute Asthma
Mr. Jefferson who is aged 30 years old walks into your clinic. You already are aware that he has asthma since this is not his first time at the clinic. He goes no to inform you clearly that in the last two or three weeks, he has had sleepless nights and is constantly awakened by coughs. Due to this intensified coughing, he has had to increase the use of his salbutamol inhaler every day. His peak flow has also increased especially in the morning and at night. Mr. Jefferson has also been transferred at work and he now operates mostly in the open which could be an exposure to allergens or cold weather.
Psychophysiology of Asthma Following Exposure to Cold weather
In a case of acute asthma, the exacerbation comes about due to the contraction or else the bronchoconstriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchiole. When this happens, the airways are narrowed in a response to certain agents. These agents are stimuli and are either irritants or allergens (VanMeter and Hubert 2014). The exposure to these stimuli triggers allergies in the system of a patient and hence portraying the symptoms and signs of an asthma attack.
Early Signs of Acute Asthma Attack
Being a chronic illness, the effect of asthma on a patient’s body are long-lasting and hence it makes the control of the disease a process. The infection affects the airways and also the lungs. The airways become narrowed and inflamed occasionally. The patient then experiences wheezing due to bronchoconstriction. There is also the production of thick mucus which in turn causes coughing and leads to improper breathing. The short breaths are brought about by poor oxygen supply. There is also tightening of the chest. All these are signs that Mr. Jefferson has experienced.
Significant Medical and Drug History Questions
As a medical personnel, it is important to know exactly the record of the patient you are dealing with since the onset of the asthmatic attacks to his current state. This will enable you to plan, updates and also to provide the best medical advice possible to the patient. You should ask questions such as; if he has commenced on any medication? Is there any medication that he has stopped since the last meeting? Has he noted any new allergic responses since the last meeting? When was the last asthma attack and how long did it last? What his feeding habits? The medical history of his family and whether they have a history of asthma attacks? And many more relevant questions that will help you get the right medication for the patient.
Precautions in Treatment
The most important factor that one is to consider while providing the appropriate medication for any asthma patient, is to provide a process that will reduce the severity of asthma attacks to prevent more damage on the patient’s respiratory organs (Sun 2017). The patient should also be given precautions to avoid things and activities that may trigger their asthma attacks. Items such as colognes, perfumes and smokin.
A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups.
The flu attacks the lungs, nose and throat. Young children, older adults, pregnant women and people with chronic disease or weak immune systems are at high risk.
Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches and fatigue.
Flu is primarily treated with rest and fluid intake to allow the body to fight the infection on its own. Paracetamol may help cure the symptoms but NSAIDs should be avoided. An annual vaccine can help prevent the flu and limit its complications.
Acute Asthma Mr. Jefferson who is aged 30 years old walks into y.docxMARK547399
Acute Asthma
Mr. Jefferson who is aged 30 years old walks into your clinic. You already are aware that he has asthma since this is not his first time at the clinic. He goes no to inform you clearly that in the last two or three weeks, he has had sleepless nights and is constantly awakened by coughs. Due to this intensified coughing, he has had to increase the use of his salbutamol inhaler every day. His peak flow has also increased especially in the morning and at night. Mr. Jefferson has also been transferred at work and he now operates mostly in the open which could be an exposure to allergens or cold weather.
Psychophysiology of Asthma Following Exposure to Cold weather
In a case of acute asthma, the exacerbation comes about due to the contraction or else the bronchoconstriction of the smooth muscles of the bronchiole. When this happens, the airways are narrowed in a response to certain agents. These agents are stimuli and are either irritants or allergens (VanMeter and Hubert 2014). The exposure to these stimuli triggers allergies in the system of a patient and hence portraying the symptoms and signs of an asthma attack.
Early Signs of Acute Asthma Attack
Being a chronic illness, the effect of asthma on a patient’s body are long-lasting and hence it makes the control of the disease a process. The infection affects the airways and also the lungs. The airways become narrowed and inflamed occasionally. The patient then experiences wheezing due to bronchoconstriction. There is also the production of thick mucus which in turn causes coughing and leads to improper breathing. The short breaths are brought about by poor oxygen supply. There is also tightening of the chest. All these are signs that Mr. Jefferson has experienced.
Significant Medical and Drug History Questions
As a medical personnel, it is important to know exactly the record of the patient you are dealing with since the onset of the asthmatic attacks to his current state. This will enable you to plan, updates and also to provide the best medical advice possible to the patient. You should ask questions such as; if he has commenced on any medication? Is there any medication that he has stopped since the last meeting? Has he noted any new allergic responses since the last meeting? When was the last asthma attack and how long did it last? What his feeding habits? The medical history of his family and whether they have a history of asthma attacks? And many more relevant questions that will help you get the right medication for the patient.
Precautions in Treatment
The most important factor that one is to consider while providing the appropriate medication for any asthma patient, is to provide a process that will reduce the severity of asthma attacks to prevent more damage on the patient’s respiratory organs (Sun 2017). The patient should also be given precautions to avoid things and activities that may trigger their asthma attacks. Items such as colognes, perfumes and smokin.
A common viral infection that can be deadly, especially in high-risk groups.
The flu attacks the lungs, nose and throat. Young children, older adults, pregnant women and people with chronic disease or weak immune systems are at high risk.
Symptoms include fever, chills, muscle aches, cough, congestion, runny nose, headaches and fatigue.
Flu is primarily treated with rest and fluid intake to allow the body to fight the infection on its own. Paracetamol may help cure the symptoms but NSAIDs should be avoided. An annual vaccine can help prevent the flu and limit its complications.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
1. ASTHMA & EMPHYSEMA
A Smoking Disorder 🚬
Presented By: Abhishek Mahajan
M. Pharm pharmacognosy 1st semester
2. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The chronic inflammation causes an increase in the
airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and
cough, particularly at night or early in morning.
Asthma affects an estimated 25,00,000 Indians every year and Among adults women have a 30% greater prevalence of
asthma than men.
Types of Asthma
1. ALLERGIC ASTHMA(extrinsic asthma): When the symptoms are induced by a
hyperimmune response to the inhalation of specific allergen.
Type I (Immediate) hypersensitivity reaction is the basis of the IgE.
2. NON-ALLERGGIC ASTHMA (Intrinsic asthma) : This type of asthma is triggered
by the presence of irritants in the air that are not related to allergies.
This irritants stimulate parasympathetic nerve fibers in the airways causing
broncho-constriction and inflammation.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: Wheezing, Dyspnoea, Cough, Chest tightness, Expiration may be
prolonged, Secretions may be white, thick, tenacious, gelatinous mucus.
3. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: • History. • Physical examination. • PFT. • Peak expiratory flow rate. • Chest X-ray. • ABG or
oximetry. • Allergy skin testing. • Blood level of eosinophils and IgE.
DRUGTHERAPY: Anti-inflammatory drugs,Corticosteroids, Bronchodilators, Long acting β2 – adrenergic agonists, Theophylline
Quick relief medicines to treat symptoms and exacerbations: Bronchodilators, Short acting inhaled β2 – adrenergic agonists,
Anticholinergics, Corticosteroids.
The study was published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Vitamin D was a molecule that may influence
asthma by impacting antioxidant or immune-related pathways. Having low blood vitamin D levels was found to be
associated with harmful respiratory effects of indoor air pollution from sources such as cigarette smoke, cooking, burning of
candles, and incense, among children with asthma. Interestingly, in homes that had the highest indoor air pollution, those
who happened to have higher blood vitamin D levels were associated with fewer asthma symptoms
Prevention: Eating fish oil, rich in omega 3 fatty acids, could help reduce the risk by nearly 70 per cent. Fish oil is one of the
healthiest foods you can add to your diet. It is enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or n-3 and contains omega
fatty acids 3 and 6
4. Emphysema: A condition in our body in which the air sacs of the lungs, called alveolus are damaged and
enlarge, causing breathlessness.
Affects 2 out of 1,000 people 1.8 million Americans in the United States have emphysema. Emphysema is
ranked 15th among chronic conditions or diseases which limit people’s daily activity. More common in
men vs. women
Causes: About 90 percent of emphysema causes are heavy smokers
Airsupra (albuterol and budesonide) Inhalation Aerosol
Company: AstraZeneca
Date of Approval: January 10, 2023
Treatment for: Asthma
Airsupra (albuterol and budesonide) is a beta2-adrenergic agonist and corticosteroid fixed-dose
combination rescue inhaler for as-needed use to reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations.
•FDA Approves Airsupra (albuterol/budesonide) Metered-Dose Inhaler to Reduce the Risk of
Asthma Exacerbations - January 11, 2023
5. Biologic drugs work with your immune system to treat asthma. They block the activity of immune system
chemicals that make your airways swell up.
Six monoclonal antibodies are currently approved to treat severe asthma:
•Reslizumab (Cinqair)
•Mepolizumab (nucala)
•Omalizumab (xolair)
•Benralizumab (fasenra)
•Dupilumab (dupixent)
•Tezepelumab (tezspire)
Omalizumab treats severe asthma that’s triggered by allergies. Mepolizumab, reslizumab, and benralizumab treat
severe asthma caused by a type of white blood cell called an eosinophil (eosinophilic asthma). You take these drugs
by injection or an IV inserted into a vein.
Dupliumb is an add-on maintenance treatment currently approved for patients between the ages of 6 to 11. This
treatment is given through injection.
Tezepelumab is used as an add-on maintenance treatment for patients 12 and older. This treatment is also given
through injection.
7. INTRODUCTION
Seasonal influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all
parts of the world.
There are 4 types of seasonal influenza viruses, types A, B, C and D.
Influenza A viruses are further classified into subtypes according to the combinations of the
hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA), the proteins on the surface of the virus. Currently
circulating in humans are subtype A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) influenza viruses. The A(H1N1) is also written
as A(H1N1)pdm09 as it caused the pandemic in 2009
Influenza B viruses are not classified into subtypes, but can be broken down into lineages. Currently
circulating influenza type B viruses belong to either B/Yamagata or B/Victoria lineage.
Influenza C virus is detected less frequently and usually causes mild infections, thus does not present
public health importance.
Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people.
8.
9. EPIDEMIOLOGY
People at greater risk of severe disease or complications when infected are: pregnant women,
children under 59 months, the elderly, individuals with chronic medical conditions (such as chronic
cardiac, pulmonary, renal, metabolic, neurodevelopmental, liver or hematologic diseases) and
individuals with immunosuppressive conditions (such as HIV/AIDS, receiving chemotherapy or
steroids, or malignancy).
Health care workers are at high risk acquiring influenza virus infection due to increased exposure
to the patients and risk further spread particularly to vulnerable individuals.
The time from infection to illness, known as the incubation period, is about 2 days, but ranges
from one to four days.
DIAGNOSIS
commonly performed using direct antigen detection, virus isolation, or detection of influenza-
specific RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) are used in clinical settings, but they have lower sensitivity
compared to RT-PCR methods and their reliability depends largely on the conditions under which
they are used.
10. TREATMENT
Neuraminidase inhibitors (i.e. oseltamivir) should be prescribed as soon as possible (ideally, within 48
hours following symptom onset) to maximize therapeutic benefits. Administration of the drug should
also be considered in patients presenting later in the course of illness.
Treatment is recommended for a minimum of 5 days, but can be extended until there is satisfactory
clinical improvement.
Corticosteroids should not be used routinely.
All currently circulating influenza viruses are resistant to adamantane antiviral drugs (such as
amantadine and rimantadine), and these are therefore not recommended for monotherapy.
PREVENTION
Regular hand washing with proper drying of the hands.
Good respiratory hygiene – covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, using tissues and
disposing of them correctly.
Early self-isolation of those feeling unwell, feverish and having other symptoms of influenza.
Avoiding close contact with sick people.
11.
12. RESULTS
Alloferon Increases the Antiviral Effect of Zanamivir against H1N1
Infection.
Combined Treatment with Alloferon and Zanamivir Suppresses Production
of IL-6 and MIP-1a Induced by H1N1 Infection In Vivo and invitro.
