Isolation and characterization of tectona grandis

1. Isolation and characterization of
antimicrobial compound from
Tectona Grandis (Lamiaceae)
Submitted by
Mr. Abhay Yadav
M. Pharm Final Year
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shri
Venkateshwara University, Gajraula
Supervised by
Dr. Mohit Shrivastava
Assistant Professor
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shri
Venkateshwara University, Gajraula

2. Aim – Formulation of herbal gel for potential Antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Objective –
 Sample Collection, Authentication, and Extraction
 Phytochemical Test
 Antibacterial Testing ( Solvent, Control and Extract)
 Formulation of Herbal Gel
 Evaluation

3. Materials And Methods
 Carbopol 934
 Distilled water
 Propylene glycol
 Propyl paraben
 Methyl paraben
 Triethanolamine
 Acetone
 Petroleum ether
 80% Methanol
 Hexane
 Maceration extraction
 MIC
 Etc.

4. RESEARCH ENVISAGED
The goal of this study is to develop an herbal new formulation for antimicrobial
action that uses various polymeric grades to minimize dose rate, alleviate side
effects, and boost absorption. To extract the plant material's Leaf parts sequentially
using Petroleum ether, 80 percent Methanol, Acetone, & water, and then run
preliminary quantitative and qualitative phytochemical tests before determining
overall antimicrobial content. The goal was to find a link between therapeutically
active extract and antibacterial characteristics.

5. Introduction
Herbal Gel
Natural herbal gels are named by the origin of herbal plants used as
gelling ingredients. Because herbal medicines are much more widely
accepted around the globe because they have minimal side effects and
are less expensive.

6. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
 Gel are easy to formulate as
compared to other semi solid dosage
form.
 A gel is an elegant non-greasy
formulation.
 It can be used as controlled release
formulation by entwining the polymer
more than once.
 Gel have good adherence property to
the site of application.
Disadvantages
 Gel have possibility of allergic
reaction.
 Drug of larger particle size do not
absorbed through the skin.
 They have poor permeability of some
drugs through the skin.
 Selection of area to be examined
carefully during application of gel.

7. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
This is a type of bacteria (germ) that is found commonly in the
environment, like in soil and in water. Many different sorts of
pseudomonas the one that the majority often causes infections in
humans is named Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which may cause infections
within the blood, lungs (pneumonia), or other parts of the body after
surgery. These bacteria are permanently detecting new ways to avoid the
effects of the antibiotics used to treat the infections they cause. If they
develop resistance to many sorts of antibiotics, these germs can become
multidrug-resistant. P. aeruginosa resistance mechanisms have been
linked to an increase in the death rate of individuals infected with this
infection.

8. Plant Profile (Tectona grandis)
Teak is a huge fruit shrub with gray to whitish branches that grows up to 40 meters (131 feet) tall and is noted
for its top-quality wood. It has ovate-elliptic to ovate leaves that are 15–45 cm long by 8–23 cm broad and are
supported on sturdy 2–4 cm long petioles. The leaf edges are complete. From June to October, fragrant white
flowers are produced on panicles of 25–40 cm long and 30 cm wide.
Medicinal uses:
The state of your skin. Teak leaves are cooling in nature; therefore, they can help to reduce skin inflammation by
acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, overcome anemia, The ability to heal wounds, Promotes hair growth,
Helps with hemoptysis, treatment of gastrointestinal problems, Helps with headaches.
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Tectona
Species: T. grandis

9. Extraction (Maceration extraction)
The plants leave was cleaned in distilled water before being separated
into 2 components: one for fresh extract and the other for dried extracts.
The dry leaves were allowed to be ground up and powdered. Freshly
sliced leaves and powders were soaked in polar and non - polar solvents
(acetone, petroleum ether, hexane & 80 percent methanol). The
solutions were digested and reconstituted in dimethyl sulfoxide after the
48-hour incubation period was completed. The extracts were kept at 4°C
until they were ready to use.

10. Maceration Process

11. Phytochemical Test
 Terpenoid
 Flavonoid
 Phlobatannins
 Tannins
 Leucoanthocynine
 Coumarin
 Steroid
 Fatty acid

12. Antibacterial Testing
Principle
The antibacterial testing of leaf extract against test pathogens was done using the agar plates
well diffusion technique.
Procedure
 Nutrient agar medium was made and placed into sterile plates after being autoclaved
(sterile).
 After that, the media was allowed to set. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Wells of 8mm
diameter were drilled using sterile tips after 5-6 minutes of spreading.
 Then, using a micropipette, 50 ml of extract was put into each well.
 The plates were then incubated for 24 hours at 370°C.

13. Antibacterial testing of solvents and controls
S. no. Solvents / controls Zone of inhibition
(mm)
1 Acetone 0
2 Petroleum ether 0
3 Hexane 0
4 80% methanol 0
5 Distilled water 0
6 Tetracycline 21

14. Antibacterial testing of extracts
S. no. Extracts Zone of inhibition (mm)
1 Acetone 10
2 Petroleum ether 15
3 Hexane 12
4 80% methanol 18.9
5 Tetracycline 20.1

15. Preparation of Herbal Gels
Weighed precisely Carbopol 934 was dissolved in 50 mL of D.W. in a beaker. Keep the
beaker set for half hour to allow the Carbopol to thicken, then stir for 30 minutes with a
magnetic stirrer at 1200 rpm. 5 mL propylene glycol and the appropriate amount of Extract.
In a separate beaker, put 5 mL propylene glycol as well as a weighed amount of propyl
paraben plus methyl paraben, then stir well. After all of the Carbopol had been
disseminated, 1 gramme of extract & preservation samples were prepared, stirring
constantly. Finally, the volume was increased to 100 ml by introducing the remaining
distilled water, and Triethanolamine was introduced drop by drop to the formulations to
balance the skin pH (6.8-7) and achieve the desired thickness.

16. Evaluation of herbal Gel
 Color
 Odor
 Consistency
 Greasiness
 Homogeneity
 pH
 Extrudability Study
 Non Irritancy Test
 Stability Study

17. Conclusion
It can be finalizing from the current analysis that selection of drug and polymer
is important to develop and design and creating Herbal gel. The physical
compatibility analysis suggested that Carbopol 934, xanthan gum was seen to
be compatible with drug teak plant. Different concentration of 3 polymer was
seen to affect the gel parameter like spread ability, and viscosity. More than 60
mg/ml of the herbal gel formulation ME-4 is recommended, but not more than
90 mg/ml. The early reaction to antibacterial toxicity implies that a longer dose
period should be investigated to further understand the applications' toxicity
consequences.

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20. Thankyou