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Main Acid & Main Alkali
Main acid: CO2
Main alkali: HCO3
Main Organs controlling AB balance
Lungs: Through control of PaCO2
Kidneys: Through control of HCO3
Item Normal Value
pH 7.35-7.45
PaO2 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2 35-45 mmHg
HCO3 20-24 mEq/L
A)Oxygenation We can Not comment on
oxygenation in a venous
sample
PaO2 < 70 mmHg = Hypoxemia
PaO2 80-100 mmHg = Normal Oxygenation
PaO2 < 50 mmHg = Hypoxemic respiratory failure
PaO2 > 100 mmHg = Hyperoxygenation
-Oxygen therapy
-Air in the sample
PaCO2 35-45 mmHg = Normal Ventilation
PaCO2 < 35 mmHg = Hyperventilation
PaCO2 45-50 mmHg = Mild Hypoventilation
PaCO2 50-60 mmHg = Moderate Hypoventilation
PaCO2 > 60 mmHg = Severe Hypoventilation
A)Ventilation
pH < 7.35: Acidosis
pH > 7.45: Alkalosis
A)Acid-Base Balance
↑↑ PaCO2 + ↑↑ HCO3: Respiratory acidosis
↑↑ PaCO2 + Normal HCO3: Respiratory acidosis
↓↓ HCO3 + ↓↓ PaCO2: Metabolic acidosis
Very low pH + Near normal HCO3 & PaCO2:
Mixed metabolic & respiratory acidosis
Very low pH + Normal HCO3 & PaCO2:
Mixed metabolic & respiratory acidosis
A)Acidosis
↓↓ PaCO2 ± ↓↓ HCO3: Respiratory alkalosis
↑↑ HCO3 ± ↑↑ PaCO2: Metabolic alkalosis
A)Alkalosis
PaO2 : 50 mmHg
PaCO2 : 60 mmHg
pH : 7.25
Bicarbonate : 24 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 90 mmHg
PaCO2 : 25 mmHg
pH : 7.1
Bicarbonate : 7 mEq/L
Comment on the following venous blood gases
PaO2 : 60 mmHg
PaCO2 : 28 mmHg
pH : 7.5
Bicarbonate : 20 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 120 mmHg
PaCO2 : 40 mmHg
pH : 7.55
Bicarbonate : 32 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 45 mmHg
PaCO2 : 40 mmHg
pH : 7.1
Bicarbonate : 20 mEq/L
PaO2 : 40 mmHg
PaCO2 : 72 mmHg
pH : 7.0
Bicarbonate : 26 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 97 mmHg
PaCO2 : 23 mmHg
pH : 7.15
Bicarbonate : 9 mEq/L
Comment on the following venous blood gases
PaO2 : 60 mmHg
PaCO2 : 28 mmHg
pH : 7.52
Bicarbonate : 18 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 120 mmHg
PaCO2 : 40 mmHg
pH : 7.58
Bicarbonate : 30 mEq/L
Comment on the following arterial blood gases
PaO2 : 48 mmHg
PaCO2 : 43 mmHg
pH : 7.1
Bicarbonate : 19 mEq/L

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ABG-1.ppt

  • 1. Main Acid & Main Alkali Main acid: CO2 Main alkali: HCO3 Main Organs controlling AB balance Lungs: Through control of PaCO2 Kidneys: Through control of HCO3
  • 2. Item Normal Value pH 7.35-7.45 PaO2 80-100 mmHg PaCO2 35-45 mmHg HCO3 20-24 mEq/L
  • 3. A)Oxygenation We can Not comment on oxygenation in a venous sample PaO2 < 70 mmHg = Hypoxemia PaO2 80-100 mmHg = Normal Oxygenation PaO2 < 50 mmHg = Hypoxemic respiratory failure PaO2 > 100 mmHg = Hyperoxygenation -Oxygen therapy -Air in the sample
  • 4. PaCO2 35-45 mmHg = Normal Ventilation PaCO2 < 35 mmHg = Hyperventilation PaCO2 45-50 mmHg = Mild Hypoventilation PaCO2 50-60 mmHg = Moderate Hypoventilation PaCO2 > 60 mmHg = Severe Hypoventilation A)Ventilation
  • 5. pH < 7.35: Acidosis pH > 7.45: Alkalosis A)Acid-Base Balance
  • 6. ↑↑ PaCO2 + ↑↑ HCO3: Respiratory acidosis ↑↑ PaCO2 + Normal HCO3: Respiratory acidosis ↓↓ HCO3 + ↓↓ PaCO2: Metabolic acidosis Very low pH + Near normal HCO3 & PaCO2: Mixed metabolic & respiratory acidosis Very low pH + Normal HCO3 & PaCO2: Mixed metabolic & respiratory acidosis A)Acidosis
  • 7. ↓↓ PaCO2 ± ↓↓ HCO3: Respiratory alkalosis ↑↑ HCO3 ± ↑↑ PaCO2: Metabolic alkalosis A)Alkalosis
  • 8. PaO2 : 50 mmHg PaCO2 : 60 mmHg pH : 7.25 Bicarbonate : 24 mEq/L Comment on the following arterial blood gases
  • 9. Comment on the following arterial blood gases PaO2 : 90 mmHg PaCO2 : 25 mmHg pH : 7.1 Bicarbonate : 7 mEq/L
  • 10. Comment on the following venous blood gases PaO2 : 60 mmHg PaCO2 : 28 mmHg pH : 7.5 Bicarbonate : 20 mEq/L
  • 11. Comment on the following arterial blood gases PaO2 : 120 mmHg PaCO2 : 40 mmHg pH : 7.55 Bicarbonate : 32 mEq/L
  • 12. Comment on the following arterial blood gases PaO2 : 45 mmHg PaCO2 : 40 mmHg pH : 7.1 Bicarbonate : 20 mEq/L
  • 13. PaO2 : 40 mmHg PaCO2 : 72 mmHg pH : 7.0 Bicarbonate : 26 mEq/L Comment on the following arterial blood gases
  • 14. Comment on the following arterial blood gases PaO2 : 97 mmHg PaCO2 : 23 mmHg pH : 7.15 Bicarbonate : 9 mEq/L
  • 15. Comment on the following venous blood gases PaO2 : 60 mmHg PaCO2 : 28 mmHg pH : 7.52 Bicarbonate : 18 mEq/L
  • 16. Comment on the following arterial blood gases PaO2 : 120 mmHg PaCO2 : 40 mmHg pH : 7.58 Bicarbonate : 30 mEq/L
  • 17. Comment on the following arterial blood gases PaO2 : 48 mmHg PaCO2 : 43 mmHg pH : 7.1 Bicarbonate : 19 mEq/L