ABB Smart Meters

© ABB Group
October 18, 2011 | Slide 1
Smart Meters
Technology and Application
Davide Malacalza, ABB, Low Voltage Products Division, October 2011

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Agenda
From Grid to Smart Grid
The role of the consumer
Energy metering technology
Home Energy Management System: how Smart
Meters can enable Personal Smart Grid concept
Conclusions

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Power System – Energy & Information Flows
From traditional grid to smart grid
1 HV/MV substation
10 -100 MW (up to
10000 households)
2 MV/LV substation
100 kW – 10 MW
(up to 1000
households)
3 Household
connection point (up
to 10 kW)
4 LV appliances (up
to 5 kW)
5 Single component
of the appliance
(up to 5 kW)
Ripple
control
1 High voltage
transmission level,
>110 kV, meshed
grid
2 Medium voltage
distribution level,
6-35 kV, radial grid
3 Low voltage
distribution
level, <1000 V,
radial grid
4 Low voltage
household level
5 Appliance level

Power System
Energy & Information flows

Power System
Energy & Information flows
Generation Transmission Distribution
Traditional Power System
Future Power System? (Smart Grids)
Consumer
Energy flow
Information flow
Generation Consumer
Generation Transmission Distribution „Prosumer“
Generation „Prosumer“
Energy flow
Information flow
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History – Traditional metering
Relationship between DSO and Consumer
Distribution System Operator (DSO):
Responsibility ends at the electricity meter
Information exchange between DSO and consumer:
How: via electricity bills
What: Energy consumption only (integral of active power over time)
Frequency: Few times a year
Scenario: Fixed electricity tariffs – Measure consumed energy –
Calculate the price – Send the bill (2x a year or monthly)
Information not available: Actual power consumption (active, reactive),
voltage, frequency etc.

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Bi-directional communication between the DSO and the consumer so that DSO can:
better understand consumer’s behavior and provide customized energy saving
consultancy services
reduce an O&M cost and use infrastructure assets more efficiently
send signals to control customer’s load directly (e.g. water boiler) via RTP or
dynamic power consumption limits
In addition, HEMS enables a consumer to automatically run energy use optimization
involving loads, local generation and energy storage and benefit from providing value
added grid control services to the DSO within pre-existing agreements and without
sacrificing the preferred comfort/lifestyle level
Future - Smart Meters in Smart Grids
Relationship between DSO and Consumer
! "
#
Bi-directional
communication
Bi-directional
communication
Data processing
and analysis
Personal
Smart Grid
Ripple control is a
good example how
utility can control
specific customer
loads directly, e.g.
switch on/off electric
water boilers or air
conditioning

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Smart Meters and Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Definition of AMI
“Smart Metering” is a concept that is defined differently on different markets
The Smart Metering concept is being continuously developed over time and each new “Smart
Metering” definition includes new features
“Smart Metering” is generally defined on a national level, either by local authorities or by the
utilities (i.e. no international standard exists)
“Smart Metering” functions normally include:
Full two-way communication for remote reading and setting of data
Encrypted communication required in some cases
Time-of-Use (tariff handling)
Import and export of energy (for micro-generation plants)
Remote cut-off (required to be built-in to the meter in many cases)
Reading and storing data from other meters (like water, gas, heat etc)
Advanced data handling and storage like monthly values, daily values, load profiles,
maximum demand, event logs for voltage and power quality etc
Tampering detection
Remote display (sometimes called in-house display)
For displaying current consumption and information from Utility
User administration (various user levels with passwords)
Approval and verification for revenue metering, e.g. MID for EU/EEA
Installation
Besides functionality also the requirements on the dimension of the enclosure to the
meter and electrical installation can vary from market to market and most often demanded
by national standards or the Utilities (e.g. eHZ in Germany).

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Smart Metering – New features
Digital technology – Conventional analog meters must be read manually
and the consumption calculated since the last reading. Smart meters enable
data communication and can measure and deliver more information. More
quantities can be stored and collected, meters can be re-programmed or re-
configured remotely.
Communications – Smart Metering enables long range communication with
the energy company and short range links into the home. All collected data
can be read remotely and tariffs can be updated remotely. Smart Metering
provides a communication gateway that functions as an interface between
devices in the home and provides customer with real time data.
Control – Smart Metering allows for remote configuration and adjustament
which can be used in a number of ways:
by the customer e.g. for supplier switching
by supplier for remote reconfiguration of the meter
(e.g. pay as you go meter)
by both The smart meter can be used as the interface
of a home automation network
Better operation of networks – Smart Metering can greatly assist the
network operator by providing detailed operating data from the ends of the
network. Power Quality can be measured by the meter and the network
adjusted to improve its overall operation. Outages or leakages can be
detected faster and system recovery monitored minimize inconvenience
to customers.

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Smart Metering – New options
Conventional meters only allow to offer simple supply contract to their
residential customers with a maximum of one or two rates.
Smart Meters make it possible for suppliers to offer more varied contracts:
Real time pricing (or TOU price based on Time of Usage)Real time pricing (or TOU price based on Time of Usage)
Reflecting the true cost of electricity with many peaks - the meter
communications can be used to warn customer in advance before the
peak rates apply.
Dynamic tariffsDynamic tariffs – Smart metering allows for greater flexibility in supply
offers. Costumers can actively react to price signals.
Load managementLoad management – Suppliers can offer their customers a contract
allowing the energy company to remotely adjust the customers’ load.
True interval data billingTrue interval data billing – It allows the customer to be charged for the
actual cost of electricity used instead of receiving estimated bills.
PrePre--paymentpayment – Smart meters can be instantaneously remotely
configured according to e.g. credit card payment.
ProsumersProsumers – Decentralized generation of energy such as solar and
wind power, will become more important in future. The traditional
customers role will change – he can become either energy producer or
consumer. Smart meters can support this by instantaneous
measurements and communication of data.

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Smart Metering – Simplest way to a higher efficiency
Give consumers more information on their energy consumption and
enable “prosumers” – availability of measured data (feed-back) will raise
consumers’ awareness of their energy use and allow them to make informed
decisions on heating, lighting and appliances usage & upgrades.
“Smart metering, combined with
direct customer feed-back has
been shown to increase energy
efficiency by 5-20%”
(European Smart Metering Industry Group study)

ABB Electricity Meters
Compact and approved
DELTAmax, an advanced 4-quadrant meter for 3 phase applications
Class 1 (B), Active or combined import and export of energy, CTVT or up to 80 A direct
Load profile, monthly or daily values, max demand, THD up to 9th harmonic, event log
Optional multi-tariff handling (controlled via inputs, communication or internal clock)
DELTAplus, a wide range for advanced 1 and 3 phase applications
Class 1 (B) and 2 (A), Active or combined energy, CTVT or up to 80 A direct
Optional multi-tariff handling (controlled via inputs or communication)
DELTAsingle, an advanced single phase meter
Class 1 (B), optional multi-tariff handling (internal clock) and monthly values, up to 80 A direct
ODINsingle, a basic single phase meter
Optional resettable register, up to 65 A direct
EQ C11, a compart single phase meter
Class 1 , Wireless communication, up to 40A direct
All meters with IEC and MID approval
Communication features
All meters prepared for external Serial Communication Adapters.
M-Bus over TP, GSM/GPRS, Ethernet or RS-232
KNX (i-bus)
M-Bus (TP) and LonWorks FTT-10A built-in to DELTAplus as option
M-Bus (TP) built-in to DELTAmax as option
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ABB Electricity Meters – Modular approach
Communication Adapters – Wired & wireless…
M-Bus
Ethernet
GSM/GPRS
RS-232
KNX
Electricity MeterElectricity Meter
with SCA KNXwith SCA KNX
AdapterAdapter
Electricity MeterElectricity Meter
with SCA KNXwith SCA KNX
AdapterAdapter
EIB unitEIB unit
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HEMS balances the end-user’s comfort, cost and lifestyle
preferences in the face of uncertain conditions regarding the
price of electricity, weather and grid conditions
Minute-to-minute HEMS decisions include scheduling and
shifting of:
Consumption of electric appliances
Charging/discharging of energy storage devices
Power generation
Power exchanges with distribution system operator
Appropriate methods for sequential decision making under uncertainty:
Rule-based
Stochastic Dynamic Programming
Model-base Predictive Control
Smart Meters and AMI
Home Energy Management System

ComfortPanel
High end TFT-touch display for
visualization and control of functions
KNX functions light scenes, room
control
Multimedia mp3-, video player
Email, web cam, RSS-feeds
Twisted Pair- und PowerLine-Module,
integrated KNXnet/IP-Router
Processing > 8000 Data points per
second
The interface to HEMS

Measuring / (sub)-metering tariff options
Communication / visualization with / for end user
Switching on / off and delaying loadslight, blinds, heating,
HVAC, security through KNX (i-bus) technology
Data conversion and communication between smart
home and outside
Integration of renewables solar, heating pumps, “small” wind
Demand response
Electric vehicles
Components for Building Automation and Control

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2009-07-14 | Slide 17
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e-Mobility
Charger for electricl vehicle (AC)
1-phase / 3-phase
Mode 3 functionality according to
IEC61851
Touch screen display
Authentication through RFID
GPRS communication capability
Residual and surge protection integrated

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Main components, infrastructure, applications
! " !
" #
$
*) in Germany it is not a smart meter it is the “MUC”
(Multi-Utility Control) which collects and sends data to
the utility and consumer
BLUE –
electrical connection
GREEN –
in-house
communication to
appliances, local
generation and
energy storage incl.
electricity sub-
metering
RED –
communication to
other billing meters,
e.g. water, heat, gas
YELLOW –
communication to the
energy market (real
time price)
BROWN –
DSO or 3rd
party
mediator (metering
data , weather
forecast, fixed
electricity tariffs TOU,
direct load control,
etc. )
! %% &
'
1 Smart electricity
meter* including
integration of sub-
metering (electricity,
gas, water, heat,
etc.)
2 Central control
unit aka Energy
Box with HEMS
3 Communication
in-house/outside
4 Controllable and
non-controllable
appliances
5 Local dispatchable
and non-
dispatchable power
generation
6 Local stationary
and mobile energy
storage
7 Electrical
connection to the
distribution utility
including circuit
breaker/load switch
for islanded
operation

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( %
"
#
) ' "
"
1 Smart electricity
meter* including
integration of sub-
metering (electricity,
gas, water, heat,
etc.)
2 Central control
unit aka Energy
Box with HEMS
3 Communication
in-house/outside
4 Controllable and
non-controllable
appliances
5 Local dispatchable
and non-
dispatchable power
generation
6 Local stationary
and mobile energy
storage
7 Electrical
connection to the
distribution utility
including circuit
breaker/load switch
for islanded
operation
Main components, infrastructure, applications
! "
$
*
Please press the corresponding button to get a detailed information about available ABB and other products
BLUE –
electrical connection
GREEN –
in-house
communication to
appliances, local
generation and
energy storage incl.
electricity sub-
metering
RED –
communication to
other billing meters,
e.g. water, heat, gas
YELLOW –
energy market (real
time price)
BROWN –
DSO or 3rd
party
mediator (metering
data , weather
forecast, fixed
electricity tariffs TOU,
direct load control,
etc. )

© ABB Group
+, ! !
-, !
, "
( ' "& !
" !
When use, store or sell electricity?
micro CHP, fuel cells
photovoltaic panels,
wind
plug-in or all electric
vehicles
stationary batteries,
heat and cool storage
lighting,
entertainment,
computers,
communication,
cooking, etc.
air conditioning,
electric water heating,
electric space
heating, freezers and
fridges, washing
clothe/dish, tumbler,
etc.
With distributed
generation, local
energy storage, and
controllable
appliances, the
average consumer
will have a wide
range of electricity
management
options concerning
when to use, store, or
sell electricity back to
the grid in response
to current and
forecasted electric
grid conditions,
electricity prices, and
weather conditions.
This highly repetitive
decision-making
process under
uncertain future
conditions would
heavily burden the
average consumer
unless there exists an
easy-to-use,
automated EMS that
mimics the
individual
consumer’s
decision making
process under the
same grid conditions.
, " "
.
-, , !
+,! !
!
"
!
%% '
*
$
$

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Possible operation scenarios
Consumer receives information about the periods of power surplus/shortage
in the grid (especially from renewable sources) from the electricity provider
by means of various communication systems. This information may consists
of electricity rates and/or power consumption levels. The broadcasting of the
information may be randomized or varied in time locally to avoid that too
many consumers are acting on the same signal at the same time
The best strategy for a consumer is to link appliances to sustainable energy
sources, like solar or wind energy or heat from CHP processes and there
are several ways to realize it
Scenario 1: the consumer has the full control whether to use the
information or not and has to make his own decision manually:
Available “start time delay” option of an appliance may be helpful
In case of RTP signals consumer behavior is less predictable. Consumer
acceptance may depend on the time of the day and season
Scenario 2: the full control is in the hands of home energy
management system (HEMS) which automatically reacts to incoming
information
Scenario 1 Increase
consumer’s
awareness
Willingness to accept
if additional costs are
balanced by savings
If differentiated tariffs
are offered, there is a
willingness to use
start delay function to
save money
There is a large
number of possible
consumer decisions.
Few examples:
- switch on/off
appliances,
- change appliance
set point,
- start time delay of
an appliance,
- sell locally
generated energy to
the utility,
- charge local energy
storage, etc.
Scenario 2 is quite
similar to Scenario 1
where the action in
respond to input
signals is done by
HEMS automatically
based on pre-defined
consumer
preferences

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Possible operation scenarios
Scenario 3: some of the control was handed over to the intelligent
appliances which then reacts to incoming signals
Same information can be detected by the appliance and transferred into action.
Action may be an immediate start as far as the appliance is in a start time delay or
in a special “ready for operation” mode or change in appliance operation, e.g.
washing machine interrupts the heating phase up to a certain time (short term
breaks may not be recognized at all)
Possible irritation of consumers when some appliance starts (e.g. during night) and
stop at any time and impact on results (e.g. color fading when washing is delayed)
may hamper a large-scale usage
Scenario 4: the full control is in the hands of an external manager (e.g.
electric utility) who decides about when and how often the appliance (in
practice the control action is applied to a large number of same type
appliances) is being switched on/off after it was set in a ready mode by the
consumer (signals are being transmitted in a bi-directional way):
Knowing the demand for the next few hours the utility tries to use as much
renewable energy and energy from CHP as possible and optimizes the overall
costs. Cost benefits must be transferred to the consumer. Consumer remains in the
position to decide whether he wants to use this option or not
Scenario 3 energy
utilities sponsor the
implementation of
PLC triggered
energy management
modules
Scenario 4 energy
utilities sponsor the
bi-directional
communication
Using the warmth
produced by a CHP,
or a solar plant. This
option is
economically
beneficial for the
consumer without any
incentive
Strategies for
success:
Promotion washing
machines and
dishwashers with
direct use of
renewable (or by
CHP) produced heat

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Home Energy Management System: Example
Loads are shifted to a
period of cheap
electricity price via a
delayed start

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A new approach to power generation and distribution is needed to
balance the current and future agenda about environment and
energy consumption. The Smart Grids concept is the basement to
build and develop such an aproach
Shifting from Traditional Grid to Smart Grid is changing the idea of
“use of electrical power”: the relevance is not only technological but
will have also have an important impact on the consumer. The
current consumer: she/he will become more and more “active” part of
the network
Standardization activities are a key issue to develop Smart Grids:
product/solution development need international standards
Smart Meters represent a corner stone to enable the shifting from
Traditional Grid to Smart Grid. They represent the key link between
buildings and the power network
ABB is committed to develop and support the implementation that
can help customers to increase efficiency using less energy. Smart
Meters represent a fundamental pillar of its strategy
Conclusions

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The EU’s 20-20-20 goals (20% increase in energy efficiency, 20%
reduction of CO2 emissions, and 20% renewables by 2020) all
depend on the re-configuration of the European electricity grid into a
“smart grid”.
These ambitious European targets mean a big change; not only the
energy infrastructure must change, but also consumer behaviour.
Smart Metering is an essential building block for the education and
empowerment of customers, an essential development to make real
energy savings.
According to the recently passed Internal Market for Electricity and
Gas Directives, EU Member States must “ensure the implementation
of intelligent metering systems.” The Electricity Directive foresees full
deployment by 2022 at the latest, with 80% of consumers equipped
with Smart Metering systems by 2020.
The standardization discussion in Europe is very much concerning
Mandate 441:
European framework

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