1) The document evaluates UNICEF's sanitation program in Indonesia from 2013-2017 that aimed to strengthen and accelerate the National STBM Program to provide universal access to sanitation by 2019, with a focus on eliminating open defecation. 2) The program had interventions at the national, sub-national, and community levels working with government agencies, civil society organizations, and communities. 3) The evaluation aimed to independently assess the program's successes, challenges, and lessons to inform stakeholders like UNICEF, the Indonesian government, and other partners.

1. Aanassociates

2. Indonesia National Sanitation
UNICEF Indonesia Country Office is one of the key and longstanding partners extending support to
the Government of Indonesia (GOI) for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector. UNICEF-
Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) Sanitation Programme in Indonesia (2013-17) is the object of
this ‘End line or End of Programme Evaluation’. The report offers an overview of the ‘National STBM
Programme’, which this UNICEF-BMGF programme set out to strengthen and accelerate
delivery. The Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) programme aims to provide ‘universal
access to sanitation in the country by 2019’. UNICEF-BMGF assistance focused on pillar one of
STBM Programme i.e. Stop Open Defecation (OD).

3. UNICEF-BMGF Sanitation Programme
This evaluation focuses solely on the technical support to the interventions implemented under UNICEF-
BMGF Sanitation Programme (2013-17). The UNICEF-BMGF programme has had a series of interventions
at national, sub-national, and community levels. The intended beneficiaries included public agencies, civil
society organisation, and the communities i.e. men, women, boys and girls. It was agreed to refer to it as a
‘Summative-Formative’, to fully capture the stated expectations.

4. The Evaluation Aimed
The evaluation aimed to create evidence and offers an independent view of Programme successes,
challenges, and learning for all stakeholders. The primary users of the evaluation are UNICEF in Indonesia,
the GoI, BMGF, and other WASH sector partners in Indonesia.

5. Evaluation Uses
The Evaluation uses ‘Theory Based Evaluation’ design and the ‘Quasi-Experimental’ research design or
approach. The ‘longitudinal’ and ‘comparative’ analysis techniques have been used to measure change over
time (in Direct districts) and between ‘Direct' and ‘Other’ districts. The evaluation employed a mixed-method
approach by using both quantitative and qualitative methods.

6. Monitoring
UNICEF assistance has been instrumental in strengthening the enabling environment i.e. improving systems
and processes, particularly around monitoring, data management, and knowledge management at provincial,
district and sub-district levels. Furthermore, UNICEF support to STBM has largely been successful in
furthering the national ODF momentum, and as a means to increase the coverage and success rate for
government implementation.

7. contribution towards achieving the national goal
Out of ten selected key indicators on WASH related knowledge, attitude and practices of communities,
progress in ‘direct’ districts was significantly high than in ‘Other’ districts. UNICEF has successfully
demonstrated the utility of supporting the government led implementation with limited funding, scope and
scale, to achieve the wider results. UNICEF support has thus been a cost--efficient model of technical
assistance. The success should progress to a scaling up and thereby ensuring a significant contribution
towards achieving the national goal for elimination of OD in Indonesia

8. Appropriate Utilization
However, a lot more work still needs to be done towards perfecting planning, budgetary analysis, improving
the monitoring system (software, hardware, technology integration, use of information), and, in enhancing the
government’s capacity to vitalize knowledge management and its appropriate utilization. The involvement of
long-term local partners and added focus on meaningful involvement of a variety of influencers (such
as Camat, village head, existing local networks, religious/faith-based leaders) will play a vital role in
strengthening implementation efforts. Overall, If UNICEF’s model of technical assistance is scaled up across
Indonesia, particularly where STBM has yet to establish a strong reference and evidence, Indonesia will
eventually accelerate progress towards universal ODF status, and thereby laying the foundation for achieving
WASH targets of the SDGs.