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1) The study investigated the effects of three different strength training regimes on knee extensor and flexor strength in elite soccer players. 2) Only the high resistance training (4 sets, 8 reps at 8RM) induced increases in isokinetic muscle strength. 3) Concentric strength gains occurred at the training velocity, while eccentric strength gains occurred across all velocities tested. 4) The high resistance training augmented the capacity of the hamstrings to provide knee stability during fast extension.
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Muscle activation during various hamstring exercises
The main findings of this investigation demonstrate that
there are significant differences in activation within muscles
when comparing all exercises. Although one might expect
similar activation for a given muscle for activities of similar
kinematics, such as the prone leg curl and glute-ham raise,
this is not the case with the data herein
Hamstrings training and injury prevention
The four hamstrings muscles are: the biceps femoris (long head), the biceps
femoris (short head), the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The
two biceps femoris muscles are located on the lateral part of the thigh.
The semitendinosus and the semimembranosus are located on the medial
part of the thigh.
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The hamstrings are made up of three
muscles: semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and the biceps femoris
(BF). ST is in the back, inner part of your thighs. SM is in the back, outerish part
of your thighs along with the BF. [Do not get the biceps femoris in your legs
confused with the biceps brachii in your arm..] This group of muscles, in general,
allows us to curl our legs and bring our shins to our butt.
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EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON SQUAT AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS
We have demonstrated that a simple in-season strength training program resulted in an improvement in maximal back squat performance, which was reflected in improve- ments in short sprint performance, as identified by a decrease in sprint time over 5, 10, and 20 m, in professional soccer players, in line with the hypotheses. Furthermore, the changes in relative 1RM squat strength demonstrate strong associations with the changes in 5 (r = 0.62), 10 (r = 0.78), and 20-m (r = 0.60) sprint performances.
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The use of stretching in the training programs of recrea-
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As peak musculotendon
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Muscle activation during various hamstring exercises
The main findings of this investigation demonstrate that
there are significant differences in activation within muscles
when comparing all exercises. Although one might expect
similar activation for a given muscle for activities of similar
kinematics, such as the prone leg curl and glute-ham raise,
this is not the case with the data herein
Hamstrings training and injury prevention
The four hamstrings muscles are: the biceps femoris (long head), the biceps
femoris (short head), the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The
two biceps femoris muscles are located on the lateral part of the thigh.
The semitendinosus and the semimembranosus are located on the medial
part of the thigh.
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The hamstrings are made up of three
muscles: semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and the biceps femoris
(BF). ST is in the back, inner part of your thighs. SM is in the back, outerish part
of your thighs along with the BF. [Do not get the biceps femoris in your legs
confused with the biceps brachii in your arm..] This group of muscles, in general,
allows us to curl our legs and bring our shins to our butt.
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We have demonstrated that a simple in-season strength training program resulted in an improvement in maximal back squat performance, which was reflected in improve- ments in short sprint performance, as identified by a decrease in sprint time over 5, 10, and 20 m, in professional soccer players, in line with the hypotheses. Furthermore, the changes in relative 1RM squat strength demonstrate strong associations with the changes in 5 (r = 0.62), 10 (r = 0.78), and 20-m (r = 0.60) sprint performances.
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The Effects of Stretching on Performance
The use of stretching in the training programs of recrea-
tional and competitive athletes has been historically common-
place. The role of stretching in enhancing athletic performance
has been debated (49). The purpose of this review was to
examine the literature regarding the effect of stretching on
performance, without regard to any of the other purported
effects of stretching, including improvements in joint range
of motion, muscle length, or recovery from or susceptibility
to injury.
Mechanics of the human hamstring muscles during sprinting
As peak musculotendon
force and strain for BF
LH
, ST, and SM occurred around the same time during terminal swing, it is suggested that this period in the
stride cycle may be when the biarticular hamstrings are at greatest injury risk. On this basis, hamstring injury prevention or rehabilitation
programs should preferentially target strengthening exercises that involve eccentric contractions performed with high loads at longer
musculotendon lengths.
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transference of strength and power training to sports performance and to pro-
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movement, such as squats and jump squats, have minimal transfer to performance.
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movement of the whole body, elicits signifi cant increases in sprint acceleration
performance, thus highlighting the importance of movement pattern and contrac-
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movements (intramuscular coordination) can be accompanied by small changes in
sprint performance. Research on neural adaptations to resistance training indicates
that intermuscular coordination is an important component in achieving transfer to
sports skills. Although the specifi city of resistance training is important, general
strength training is potentially useful for the purposes of increasing body mass,
decreasing the risk of soft-tissue injuries, and developing core stability. Hyper-
trophy and general power exercises can enhance sports performance, but optimal
transfer from training also requires a specifi c exercise program.
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IN MOST TEAM-BASED SPORTS
ATHLETES MUST BE ABLE TO
GENERATE EXPLOSIVE MUSCULAR
FORCES TO ACCELERATE,
CHANGE DIRECTIONS, AND THEN
RE-ACCELERATE OVER RELA-
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THEREFORE, TO BE SUCCESSFUL,
ACCELERATION RATHER THAN
MAXIMAL VELOCITY IS LIKELY A
GREATER PREDICTOR OF SUC-
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ARTICLE WILL EXPLORE SOME OF
THE TECHNIQUES COMMONLY
USED TO IMPROVE AN ATHLETE’S
ABILITY TO ACCELERATE BY
IMPROVING FORCE, VELOCITY,
AND THE COMBINATION OF THESE
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The purposes of this review are to identify the factors that contribute to the
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vide resistance-training guidelines. Using sprinting performance as an example,
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strength training is potentially useful for the purposes of increasing body mass,
decreasing the risk of soft-tissue injuries, and developing core stability. Hyper-
trophy and general power exercises can enhance sports performance, but optimal
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frequent contradictions in the literature, it may be assumed
that muscle strength and balance play a key role in targeted
acute muscle injuries. The purpose of the present study was
to provide and compare pre-season muscular strength and
power profiles in professional and junior elite soccer players
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Postexercise Cold Water Immersion Benefits Are Not Greater than the Placebo E...
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CWI itself in the recovery of muscle strength over 48 h.
This can likely be attributed to improved subjective ratings
of pain and readiness for exercise, suggesting that the hy-
pothesized physiological benefits surrounding CWI may
be at least partly placebo related.
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Os resultados atuais indicaram que a ocorrência de lesões de isquiotibiais podem estar associadas a uma mudança hierárquica na distribuição da atividade metabólica dentro do complexo muscular do isquiotibial após o trabalho excêntrico em que o Semitendinoso provavelmente deveria tomar a parte principal, seguido pelo BÍceps Femural e Semimembranoso. Quando o BF aumenta sua contribuição e é ativado em uma extensão proporcionalmente maior, o risco de sofrer uma lesão do isquiotibial pode aumentar substancialmente.
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Hip thrust training resulted in greater improvements in the isometric mid-thigh pull peak
force compared to squat training, even though the pull involved a vertical force vector. It is
proposed that this is due to the hip extension moment-angle curves of the squat versus that of the
hip thrust, in that the hip thrust likely has a greater hip extension moment requisite at the angle at
which the isometric mid-thigh pull is performed, but these joint-specific kinetic hypotheses
require further investigation.
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Methods of developing power to improve acceleration for the non track athlete
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Transfer of strength and power training to sports performance
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The effect of instability training on knee joint proprioception and core stre...
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El documento describe las diferentes barras y áreas de una interfaz de usuario de Microsoft PowerPoint. Detalla las barras de título, menú desplegable, herramientas estándar, formato, tareas, desplazamiento y estado. También menciona el área de trabajo y el clasificador de diapositivas. El documento proporciona información sobre los diferentes componentes básicos de la interfaz de usuario de PowerPoint.
Portafolio fuzion 2015
Este documento presenta los servicios de catering de Fuzión, los cuales incluyen una variedad de opciones de menús para eventos como fiestas, reuniones, cumpleaños y eventos corporativos. Fuzión se enfoca en producir alimentos de alta calidad a precios ajustables para convertir cada evento en una experiencia única e irrepetible. También ofrece servicios como transporte de alimentos y chef a domicilio para eventos de 20 personas o más.
Focus Group Responses
Our focus group discussed customer satisfaction with our new product line. Participants felt the products were well designed but found the assembly instructions difficult to follow. They also mentioned that the warranty and return policies were not clearly explained on the website.
Sexunzipped damien-hampton
The document summarizes a project that evaluated the effect of rich-media versus static-media content in changing sexual behaviors. A team from UCL e-Health Unit and Illumina Digital built a content management system with custom Flash/animation content and a questionnaire engine to collect data from participants over baseline, 3 months and 6 months. However, the project went over budget, had too much initial planning, and faced major data security issues, providing lessons about testing ideas early, avoiding complex data security, and using off-the-shelf software when possible for academic projects.
Certificate_ISO
Mr. Romulus Patrascu completed an Internal Auditor for Food Safety Management System training course and examination on October 10, 2013, earning a certificate for assessing and evaluating food safety management systems according to ISO 22000:2005 standards. He also finished an Internal Auditor for Quality Management System training on September 5, 2013, receiving certification for assessing and evaluating quality management systems under ISO 9001:2008 requirements.
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Generic And Football Specific Training
This study compared the effects of two repeated sprint training interventions on intermittent peak running speed (IPRS) in team sport athletes. Both constant volume training (10 sprints) and linearly increasing volume training (increasing sprints by 2 each week up to 14 sprints) improved IPRS compared to a control group. IPRS improved by 5.2% for constant volume and 3.8% for increasing volume, with no differences between groups. Peak running speed also improved for constant volume but not increasing volume. 300m shuttle performance improved only for increasing volume. Both training interventions improved aspects of intermittent running performance.
The effects of muscle action, repetition duration, and loading
1) The study examined the effects of 3 different 10-week resistance training programs (eccentric-only, repetition duration-accentuated eccentric, and traditional) on muscular performance and body composition in 59 trained males and females.
2) Testing before and after training included measures of muscular endurance, strength, and body composition. The training programs were matched for effort but varied the muscle actions, repetition durations, and loading strategies.
3) The results found no significant differences between groups for changes in muscular performance or body composition, except the traditional group saw greater improvements in arm muscular endurance compared to the eccentric-only groups. Effect sizes for muscular performance changes were moderate to large for all groups.
J Str Cond Res-2001-Coppack
This study examined the effects of a 6-week isokinetic resistance training program on quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque and standing long jump performance in 12 untrained men. The training consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 100°/s, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. After training, quadriceps peak torque increased by an average of 10.5% but there was no significant change in hamstrings peak torque or standing long jump performance. The major finding was that gains in isokinetic strength did not translate to improvements in functional performance, likely due to the training lacking eccentric loading which is an important component of the standing long jump.
Hamstring activation
The hamstring muscle group is the most frequently injured, representing
approximately 12 to 24% of all athletic injuries.1,2 These injuries may be due to
disproportionate training performed for the quadriceps,3 with hamstring strains
occurring more frequently in those who demonstrated hamstring weakness, and
lower hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratios.2 Thus, hamstring strength is impor-
tant for athletic performance and injury prevention in a variety of sports.
Da silva et al. 2008 leg press
This study analyzed muscle activation in the legs during different variations of the leg press exercise performed at submaximum effort levels. Fourteen women performed three types of leg presses - 45° leg press, high leg press, and low leg press - at 40% and 80% of their maximum weight capacity. Electromyography was used to measure activation of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus muscles. The results showed that mechanical changes from the different exercises affected muscle activation levels in a load-dependent manner. At moderate effort levels, the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles showed greater activation during the 45° leg press and low
Da silva et al. 2008 leg press
This study analyzed muscle activation in the legs during different variations of the leg press exercise at submaximum effort levels. Fourteen women performed three variations of the leg press - 45° leg press, high leg press, and low leg press - at 40% and 80% of their maximum weight. Electromyography was used to measure muscle activation in the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus muscles. The results showed that mechanical changes and load levels affected muscle activation patterns. At moderate effort, the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius were more active in the 45° and low leg presses compared to the high leg press. At high
Upper Extremity Balance
1. The document discusses upper extremity balance and stability training, focusing on proprioception, core stability, and their relationship to shoulder stability.
2. It provides an overview of exercises to improve range of motion, strength, proprioception, core stability, and progressions for both open and closed kinetic chain exercises.
3. The author recommends programs incorporate exercises for rotator cuff and periscapular muscles, as well as closed kinetic chain exercises and functional training, while limiting unstable surface training.
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...
The architectural and morphological adaptations of the hamstrings in response to training
33 with different exercises have not been explored. PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in biceps
34 femoris long head (BFLH) fascicle length and hamstring muscle size following 10-weeks of
35 Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) or hip extension (HE) training. METHODS: Thirty
36 recreationally active male athletes (age, 22.0 ± 3.6 years, height, 180.4 ± 7 cm, weight, 80.8 ±
37 11.1 kg) were allocated to one of three groups: 1) HE training (n=10), NHE training (n=10),
38 or no training (CON) (n=10). BFLH fascicle length was assessed before, during (Week 5) and
39 after the intervention with 2D-ultrasound. Hamstring muscle size was determined before and
40 after training via magnetic resonance imaging.
Nordic hamstring and hip extension training
Hip extension and Nordic hamstring exercise training both promote the elongation of
biceps femoris long head fascicles, and stimulate improvements in eccentric knee
flexor strength.
Hip extension training promotes more hypertrophy in the biceps femoris long head
and semimembranosus than the Nordic hamstring exercise, which preferentially
develops the semitendinosus and the short head of biceps femoris
Crimson Publishers: Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of Colle...
Crimson Publishers: Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of Colle...Crimson-ForensicScience
Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of College Men Cricket Players by Zahoor Ahmad Bhat* in Forensic Science & Addiction Research
The purpose of the present study was to find out the effect of strength training on Physical Variable of college men cricket players. To achieve the purpose twenty male students (n=20) were randomly selected as subjects and the age were ranged between 18 and 24 years. The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two equal groups such as training group (TG) and control group (CG) for the strengths of fifteen (n=10) each. Experimental training group underwent respective strength training program me for twelve weeks for three days per week and a session on each day. The control group did not involve in any special training apart from their regular activities. The criterion variable arm strength was measured by pull-ups. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse the collected data. The results revealed that that the strength training was made significant improvement (p≤0.05) in arm strength of the selected subjects. The level of confidence was fixed at 0.05 in all cases.Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Alters the Response to Postural Perturbations
The purpose of this study was to assess the EMG activity
of knee muscles during destabilizing perturbations performed
before, immediately after, and 24 and 48 h after eccentric
exercise.
Amaravti paper
This study examined the effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility among athletes. 28 subjects were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group or a control group. The training group performed plyometric exercises 2 times per week for 6 weeks, while the control group did not train. Both groups were tested on the T-test and Illinois Agility Test before and after the training. The results showed that the training group significantly improved their times on both agility tests after training, while the control group did not improve. This suggests that 6 weeks of plyometric training can effectively improve an athlete's agility.
Peter Mallarias. Research Fellow, LaTrobe University and Queen Mary, Universi...
This document outlines the rationale and evidence for incorporating stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercises into rehabilitation for tendinopathies beyond eccentric exercise alone. SSC exercises like plyometrics can help restore tendon stiffness, force production capacity, and neuromuscular function that are often deficient in tendinopathy patients. Clinical studies show SSC rehabilitation programs improve outcomes for Achilles and patellar tendinopathy and allow many patients to return to their previous level of sport. While more research is still needed, SSC training appears to offer benefits like increased rate of force development and improved jump performance over resistance or walking/running programs alone.
STRENGTHENING IN UMN LESION.pptx
Strengthening in upper motor neuron lesions is an important part of rehabilitation of the neurological disorders. Your understanding of strengthening in UMN lesions will be clarified by this presentation, which explains how strengthening in musculoskeletal and neurological illnesses differs.
Race mania-2019-strength endurance
Discussion of Strength Training for Endurance Athletes @ the RACE-MANIA Boston expo and conference 2019
post exhaustion training
1) A study compared the hormonal, neuromuscular, and recovery responses between forced repetition (FR) training and maximum repetition (MR) training. FR resulted in greater decreases in muscle force and activity compared to MR.
2) Several studies examined the effects of forced repetitions, finding they induce greater acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses than traditional training and may overload the neuromuscular system more, especially for strength athletes.
3) Other training techniques like tri-sets, drop sets, and rest-pause were also examined in studies and found to effectively increase metabolic and mechanical stresses through greater time under tension, workload, and muscle recruitment compared to traditional sets performed to failure.
fulltext290
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of endurance, resistance, and concurrent (endurance and resistance) training on cardiac structure in female students. The study found that 8 weeks of concurrent training significantly increased left ventricular end diastolic diameter compared to endurance or resistance training alone. Concurrent training also significantly increased left ventricular end systolic diameter, mass, and mass index. No other measured variables showed significant differences between groups. The results indicate that concurrent training may have a greater impact on cardiac adaptations than single-mode endurance or resistance training.
Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the eccentric physical training’s time on daily plasma concentrations of testosterone among sedentary athletes. Sixty male athletes, with homogeneous age, size and weight were selected for the study during three months. They were subjects to a strength training of the extensor and flexor muscles of the knee. After they were divided in two groups of thirty subjects and then had physical training either in the morning between 6 and 7, or in the evening, between 16 and 17. The dosage of testosterone on each athlete was performed before and after submission to an eccentric physical program at the antecubital vein in a restful sitting. Our results have shown that eccentric physical training induces the increase of this steroid hormone in the two groups of athletes and the training in the evening promotes better its production. Our results also showed that the rate of this androgen drop significantly during the day in both groups of athletes trained in the morning or in the evening as well as their respective controls. However, the decline was even more pronounced for subjects trained in the morning
Chronic adaptations to eccentric training
Eccentric training can improve muscle strength, power, and stretch-shortening cycle function to a greater extent than concentric or traditional resistance training. While both eccentric and concentric training increase muscle strength, the increases tend to be mode-specific. Eccentric training with loads greater than concentric strength limits elicits greater overall strength gains. Faster contraction velocities during eccentric training may further enhance strength and power adaptations. Eccentric training appears especially effective for improving performance requiring stretch-shortening cycle function.
Downhill Running as an Eccentric Exercise and its effect of Muscle Strength a...
This presentation summarizes research on downhill running as an eccentric exercise and its effects on muscle strength and damage. Downhill running places high eccentric loads on the muscles of the legs. Several studies were reviewed that showed downhill running decreases muscle power and strength, increases markers of muscle damage, and is associated with delayed onset muscle soreness. Practical applications for training and further research areas were also discussed.
Similar to Aagaard, p. 1996 (20)
The effects of muscle action, repetition duration, and loading
The effects of muscle action, repetition duration, and loading
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...
Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring archi...
Crimson Publishers: Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of Colle...
Crimson Publishers: Effect of Strength Training on Physical Variable of Colle...
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Alters the Response to Postural Perturbations
Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Alters the Response to Postural Perturbations
Peter Mallarias. Research Fellow, LaTrobe University and Queen Mary, Universi...
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Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Le...
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Ardigo, l. (2010)
This study analyzed the physical activity and exertion of soccer referees in the Italian sixth and seventh divisions through the use of inexpensive GPS receivers and heart rate monitors. The referees covered significant distances over the course of matches and maintained high average heart rates, comparable to previous studies using more advanced equipment. Results were also similar between the first and second halves of matches. The low-cost tracking methods provided an effective way to evaluate the physical capabilities and fitness levels of lower division referees.
Krustrup, p., p. hansen, et al. 2010
This study examined the long-term musculoskeletal and cardiac effects of recreational football and running in premenopausal women compared to a control group. For the football group, right and left ventricular diameters increased after 16 months of training. Cardiac function also improved. The football group demonstrated increased bone mineral density and improved muscle strength compared to the running and control groups. Recreational football thus provided benefits to muscle, bone, and cardiac health in adult women.
Krustrup, p. 2010
This document summarizes a study on the health and fitness benefits of participating in small-sided football games. The study included over 1,000 middle-aged men and women in Copenhagen and Zurich who participated in football training 1-2 times per week for 16 months. The study found that regular participation in small-sided football improved cardiovascular fitness, muscle function, bone health, body composition, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. It also found social and psychological benefits to participation including improved quality of life and reduced stress and isolation.
Krustrup, p. 2010
This document summarizes a study on the health and fitness benefits of participating in small-sided football games. The study included over 1,000 middle-aged men and women in Copenhagen and Zurich followed for up to 16 months. It analyzed the physical demands and effects on performance, muscle adaptation, and health profiles. It also considered the social and psychological benefits of participating. The study found regular participation in small-sided football games improved fitness, health, and social well-being.
Ardigo, l. 2010
This study evaluated the physical capabilities of soccer referees in the Italian sixth and seventh divisions through low-cost match analysis using GPS receivers and heart rate monitors. Referees covered significant distances during matches, with distances and heart rates similar to higher levels of competition. Analysis of the first and second halves showed comparable results. The study demonstrates that lower division referees maintain adequate physical fitness to perform their duties, and inexpensive wearable technology can effectively evaluate their performance.
Alexandre, d. 2012
This review analyzes exercise intensity monitored by heart rate in soccer players during matches and training sessions. The mean exercise intensity during competitive matches was 70-80% of VO2max or 80-90% of maximum heart rate, independent of playing level. Approximately 65% of total match time is spent at 70-90% of maximum heart rate. While maximum heart rate is commonly used, reserve heart rate may be a more reliable indicator for comparing exercise intensity between individuals. Midfielders have the highest exercise intensity, followed by forwards and fullbacks. Intensity is lower in the second half compared to the first half. Interval training and small-sided games can improve aerobic capacity and ability to perform high-intensity actions.
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Columbia毕业证假文凭【微信95270640】办文凭{哥伦比亚大学毕业证}Q微Q微信95270640Columbia毕业证书成绩单/学历认证Columbia Diploma未毕业、挂科怎么办？+QQ微信：Q微信95270640-大学Offer（申请大学）、成绩单（申请考研）、语言证书、在读证明、使馆公证、办真实留信网认证、真实大使馆认证、学历认证
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Coach Domenico Tedesco has managed a tactical shakeup and a regular exit for some of the oldest players. Experienced bests remain, not least the 37-year-old Jan Vertonghen in defense, the 32-year-old De Bruyne himself in midfield, and 31-year-old Romelu Lukaku up visible.
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Tottenham guardian Vlad Dragusin is the only Euro Cup 2024 squad member singing regularly for one of Europe’s top clubs this flavor. He even played only nine Premier League games since adoption in January. Goalkeeper Horatiu Moldovan is a stoppage at Atletico Madrid.
There’s a link to the beauty days of Romanian soccer with midfielder Ianis Hagi, son of Gheorghe Hagi, who assisted the team to the rounds of the 1994 World Cup and Euro 2000.
We are only a combine of days away from the UEFA Euro 2024 curtain raiser. The 24 squads are winding up their provisions and getting ready to give it their all to life the wanted Euro Cup Final trophy on July 14. Spread across six clusters, the first hurdle in the knockout phase will be the plump of 16.
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Germany and Scotland will take things off before we get into overdrive in two weeks. Meanwhile, Belgium will be longing to bounce back after a horrendous 2022 FIFA World Cup movement, which ended in the group stage.
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Roberto Martinez completed the way for Domenico Tedesco, who has overseen a compact start to his tenure. The 38-year-old will be assured heading into the group stage
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This is an exciting platform game called Geometry Dash
Playing this fast-paced game, you control a small cube that has to get through stages that get harder by avoiding spikes, obstacles, and dangerous gaps while keeping up a fast pace. Though, it's important to remember that Geometry Dash isn't a simple game to get good at. No matter what mistake you make, you will face a tough position and have to start at the beginning.
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The Indian Premier League (IPL) is one of the most prominent and lucrative Twenty20 (T20) cricket leagues in the world. Since its inception in 2008, the IPL has revolutionized the landscape of cricket by blending sports, entertainment, and commerce. This summary provides an overview of the IPL's history, structure, notable performances, controversies, and its impact on cricket and beyond.
History and Formation
The IPL was launched by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008, inspired by the success of domestic T20 leagues like the English T20 Cup and the now-defunct Indian Cricket League (ICL). Lalit Modi, the then Vice-President of BCCI, played a crucial role in conceptualizing and launching the league. The inaugural season kicked off in April 2008 with eight franchises representing different cities in India.
Structure and Format
The IPL follows a franchise-based model, where teams are owned by a mix of corporations, Bollywood stars, and other high-profile individuals. The league originally started with eight teams, although the number has fluctuated over the years due to various reasons including expansions and terminations. As of the latest seasons, the IPL features ten teams.
The tournament format includes a double round-robin stage, where each team plays the others twice, followed by playoffs. The top four teams from the round-robin stage qualify for the playoffs, which consist of two qualifiers, an eliminator, and the final. This format ensures a highly competitive and engaging tournament, culminating in a grand finale to crown the champion.
Teams and Their Evolution
The founding teams of the IPL were:
Chennai Super Kings (CSK)
Delhi Daredevils (now Delhi Capitals)
Kings XI Punjab (now Punjab Kings)
Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR)
Mumbai Indians (MI)
Rajasthan Royals (RR)
Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB)
Deccan Chargers (now defunct, replaced by Sunrisers Hyderabad)
Over the years, the league has seen new teams such as Pune Warriors India, Kochi Tuskers Kerala, Gujarat Lions, and Rising Pune Supergiant. The most recent additions are the Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Super Giants, introduced in the 2022 season.
Iconic Players and Performances
The IPL has attracted the best talent from around the world, with numerous iconic players making significant contributions. Some of the standout performers include:
Sachin Tendulkar (MI): The "Little Master" brought his legendary status to the IPL, winning the Orange Cap (top run-scorer) in 2010.
Chris Gayle (RCB, KXIP): Known for his explosive batting, Gayle holds the record for the highest individual score in an IPL match (175*).
MS Dhoni (CSK): Dhoni's leadership has been instrumental in CSK's success, leading them to multiple titles.
AB de Villiers (RCB): Renowned for his innovative stroke play, de Villiers has been a consistent match-winner.
Virat Kohli (RCB): The highest run-scorer in IPL history, Kohli's batting prowess is unmatched.
La
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Aagaard, p. 1996
- 1. Author: P. Aagaard., E. B. Simonsen., M. Trolle., J. Bangsbo. and K. Klausen Year: 1996 Title: Specificity of training velocity and training load on gains in isokinetic knee joint strength Journal: Acta Physiol Scand Keywords: Adult, Exercise/*physiology, Humans, Knee Joint/*physiology, Male, Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology, Physical Fitness, Psychomotor Performance, Tendons/physiology Abstract: The present study investigated the effects of three different strength training regimes on the isokinetic strength profile of the knee extensors (quadriceps, Q) and flexors (hamstrings, H) and if increases in isokinetic strength were accompanied by an enhanced performance during a more complex leg movement, the soccer kick. Twenty-two elite soccer players performed 12 weeks of strength training (three times per week) at either high resistance (HR group: 4 sets, 8 reps, 8RM loading), low resistance (LR group: 4 sets, 24 reps, 24RM loading), loaded kicking movements (LK group: 4 sets, 16 reps, 16RM loading) while one group served as controls (CO group). Isokinetic concentric and eccentric moment of force was obtained (KinCom) as peak moment (Mpeak) and moment at 50 degrees knee flexion (M50) at angular velocities of 30, 120, 240 degrees s-1. Isokinetic knee joint strength was unchanged in groups LR, LK, CO. However, after the HR strength training, concentric Mpeak (+/- SD) increased (P < 0.01) at 30 degrees s-1 (Q, 258 +/- 37 to 297 +/- 57 Nm; H, 122 +/- 22 to 140 +/- 21 Nm). Furthermore, eccentric Mpeak increased at 30, 120 and 240 degrees s-1 (Q, 274 +/- 60 to 345 +/- 57 Nm (P < 0.01), 291 +/- 56 to 309 +/- 49 Nm and 275 +/- 43 to 293 +/- 36 Nm (P < 0.05), respectively; H, 143 +/- 32 to 158 +/- 25 Nm, 152 +/- 39 to 169 +/- 31 Nm and 148 +/- 27 to 163 +/- 19 Nm (P < 0.05)). Corresponding increases (P < 0.05) were observed for M50. The H/Q ratio calculated as eccentric hamstring strength divided by concentric quadriceps strength (Hecc/Qcon, representative for knee extension) at 240 degrees s-1 increased (P < 0.05) from 107 to 118% (based on Mpeak) and from 90 to 105% (M50). Kicking performance estimated by maximal ball flight velocity was unaffected by any of the strength training regimes investigated. In conclusion, only heavy-resistance strength training induced increases in isokinetic muscle strength in the absence of learning effects. Concentric strength gains were observed at the actual velocity of training, while eccentric strength gains were found over the entire range of velocities examined. The capacity of the hamstring muscles for providing stability to the knee joint during fast extension was augmented as a result of the heavy-resistance strength training. Strength training should be integrated with other types of training involving the actual movement pattern in order to increase the performance within more complex movement patterns. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8868268 Author Address: Department of Exercise Physiology TTA-2001, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. Autor/ P. Aagaard, E. B. Simonsen, M. Trolle, J. Bangsbo and K. Klausen Fecha/1996 Edad
- 2. Talla Peso promedio Mujer-hombres / Hombres (n=22) País /Dinamarca Categoría de liga/ elite Con Grupo control Aagaard, P., E. B. Simonsen, et al. (1996). "Specificity of training velocity and training load on gains in isokinetic knee joint strength." Acta Physiol Scand 156(2): 123-129.