This document discusses IFC operations and strategy in Iraq. It provides an overview of IFC activities in Iraq, including $700 million committed to 6 companies/projects. IFC's strategy in Iraq centers around diversifying the economy away from oil, strengthening institutions, developing a favorable business environment, and strengthening private sector growth. Some challenges facing investors in Iraq include poor legal/regulatory frameworks, lack of transparency, and unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms.
Objectives of foreign direct investmentsabin kafle
1)Sustaining a high level of investment
- Since the underdeveloped countries want to industrialized themselves within a short period of time, it becomes necessary to raise the level of investment substantially. This requires, in turn, a high level of savings.However, because of general poverty of masses, the savings are often very low. Hence emerges a resource gap between investment and savings. This gap has to be filled through foreign capital.
The document discusses foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Pakistan from 2001-2011. It analyzes how FPI increases liquidity and foreign reserves, induces new investment, and encourages existing businesses to expand. FPI lowers the cost of capital by making markets more liquid and efficient. While FPI provides benefits, Pakistan needs stronger efforts to attract domestic and foreign investment by improving stability, reducing bureaucracy, and developing infrastructure to strengthen investor perceptions. The analysis concludes that overall, FPI brings net benefits by integrating Pakistan's economy globally and transferring technology and skills.
Foreign capital includes any inflow of capital from abroad in the form of foreign aid, loans, grants, or foreign investment. It can benefit both developed and developing countries by filling financial gaps, supporting high investment levels, transferring technology, and exploiting natural resources. However, foreign capital flows have not always been satisfactory in all regions and countries. The document then discusses various sources of foreign capital like foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, external commercial borrowings, and differentiates between them. It also outlines some benefits and risks of foreign capital inflows.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to investment made by companies or individuals in one country into business interests located in another country. FDI can occur through establishing new operations or acquiring existing foreign companies. Companies engage in FDI to take advantage of cheaper resources, tax incentives, and access to new markets. Foreign investors can acquire stakes in overseas companies through wholly owned subsidiaries, share purchases, mergers and acquisitions, or joint ventures. India welcomes FDI in many sectors under certain conditions to promote economic growth, technology transfer, competition, human resource development and employment, while also managing disadvantages like impacts on local markets.
India is a good place to invest money for several reasons:
1) It is the second largest emerging market and largest democracy, providing political stability and consensus around reforms.
2) It has liberal and transparent investment policies.
3) It is the fourth largest economy and a safe place to do business.
4) It has a large reservoir of skilled manpower and long-term sustainable competitive advantages like a high growth rate economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, including what FDI is, reasons for FDI, India's history with FDI, sectors that allow FDI and in what amounts, issues and challenges with FDI in India, recent policy measures to increase FDI, and how FDI relates to India's "Make in India" campaign. It provides statistics on top investing countries in India and sectors that allow FDI from 0-100%. The conclusion states that India must address FDI issues with priority to liberalize policies and attract investment to support growth.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to a controlling ownership in a business enterprise located in another country. There are different types of FDI including horizontal FDI where a firm duplicates activities abroad, vertical FDI where a firm performs different stages of production in different countries, and platform FDI to export to third countries. FDI can occur through wholly owned subsidiaries, share acquisitions, mergers and acquisitions, or joint ventures. Governments use incentives like tax breaks to attract more inward FDI.
This document discusses IFC operations and strategy in Iraq. It provides an overview of IFC activities in Iraq, including $700 million committed to 6 companies/projects. IFC's strategy in Iraq centers around diversifying the economy away from oil, strengthening institutions, developing a favorable business environment, and strengthening private sector growth. Some challenges facing investors in Iraq include poor legal/regulatory frameworks, lack of transparency, and unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms.
Objectives of foreign direct investmentsabin kafle
1)Sustaining a high level of investment
- Since the underdeveloped countries want to industrialized themselves within a short period of time, it becomes necessary to raise the level of investment substantially. This requires, in turn, a high level of savings.However, because of general poverty of masses, the savings are often very low. Hence emerges a resource gap between investment and savings. This gap has to be filled through foreign capital.
The document discusses foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in Pakistan from 2001-2011. It analyzes how FPI increases liquidity and foreign reserves, induces new investment, and encourages existing businesses to expand. FPI lowers the cost of capital by making markets more liquid and efficient. While FPI provides benefits, Pakistan needs stronger efforts to attract domestic and foreign investment by improving stability, reducing bureaucracy, and developing infrastructure to strengthen investor perceptions. The analysis concludes that overall, FPI brings net benefits by integrating Pakistan's economy globally and transferring technology and skills.
Foreign capital includes any inflow of capital from abroad in the form of foreign aid, loans, grants, or foreign investment. It can benefit both developed and developing countries by filling financial gaps, supporting high investment levels, transferring technology, and exploiting natural resources. However, foreign capital flows have not always been satisfactory in all regions and countries. The document then discusses various sources of foreign capital like foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, external commercial borrowings, and differentiates between them. It also outlines some benefits and risks of foreign capital inflows.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to investment made by companies or individuals in one country into business interests located in another country. FDI can occur through establishing new operations or acquiring existing foreign companies. Companies engage in FDI to take advantage of cheaper resources, tax incentives, and access to new markets. Foreign investors can acquire stakes in overseas companies through wholly owned subsidiaries, share purchases, mergers and acquisitions, or joint ventures. India welcomes FDI in many sectors under certain conditions to promote economic growth, technology transfer, competition, human resource development and employment, while also managing disadvantages like impacts on local markets.
India is a good place to invest money for several reasons:
1) It is the second largest emerging market and largest democracy, providing political stability and consensus around reforms.
2) It has liberal and transparent investment policies.
3) It is the fourth largest economy and a safe place to do business.
4) It has a large reservoir of skilled manpower and long-term sustainable competitive advantages like a high growth rate economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India, including what FDI is, reasons for FDI, India's history with FDI, sectors that allow FDI and in what amounts, issues and challenges with FDI in India, recent policy measures to increase FDI, and how FDI relates to India's "Make in India" campaign. It provides statistics on top investing countries in India and sectors that allow FDI from 0-100%. The conclusion states that India must address FDI issues with priority to liberalize policies and attract investment to support growth.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to a controlling ownership in a business enterprise located in another country. There are different types of FDI including horizontal FDI where a firm duplicates activities abroad, vertical FDI where a firm performs different stages of production in different countries, and platform FDI to export to third countries. FDI can occur through wholly owned subsidiaries, share acquisitions, mergers and acquisitions, or joint ventures. Governments use incentives like tax breaks to attract more inward FDI.
The importance of foreign direct investmentnurelveana
Foreign direct investment (FDI) provides both advantages and disadvantages to host countries. It can improve technology, competitiveness, productivity and create jobs. However, it may negatively impact the environment and expose state secrets. FDI also affects small and large businesses differently. For small businesses, FDI provides stability, while for large businesses it stimulates diversification and social development through job creation and wage increases. Overall, FDI plays an important role in economic development by creating new industries, though it also presents some risks.
IDFC is a major provider of infrastructure financing in India. It offers project financing, equity financing, structured products, and advisory/investment banking services focused on key sectors like transport, energy, telecom, and industrial infrastructure. IDFC has expanded from primarily financing power and roads to also include energy, IT, urban infrastructure, food, and agribusiness. It manages funds, provides investment banking services, and develops and finances infrastructure projects to support growth of the Indian economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. It defines FDI and outlines the two main forms it takes - greenfield investments that create new assets, and mergers and acquisitions that involve transferring ownership of existing assets. The document notes that most FDI in Africa has been through acquisitions rather than new investments. It also discusses why African countries view attracting FDI as important for economic development, highlighting their efforts to provide incentives and promote investment. However, it cautions that the costs and benefits of FDI depend on whether it is greenfield or acquisitions. The document concludes by recommending African countries implement policies to maximize the benefits of FDI.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has grown significantly and provides several benefits to the country's economy. India offers incentives to attract more FDI, which contributes capital formation and brings skills and technology that spill over to domestic enterprises. While FDI boosts economic growth, some sectors have restrictions and FDI is routed through countries like Mauritius to take advantage of tax treaties. Both advantages like job creation and technology transfer, and disadvantages like inflation must be considered in policies regarding FDI and globalization.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), including definitions, types of FDI, methods of foreign investors participating in enterprises in host countries, incentives for FDI, importance of FDI, FDI in India, sectors and limits of FDI in India, and difficulties in limiting FDI. FDI is defined as investment made by a company or entity located in one country into business interests located in another country and can involve mergers and acquisitions or building new facilities.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities in a foreign country. FDI is undertaken to take advantage of lower costs for resources unavailable in the home country. The firm maintains significant control over the foreign operation and can affect managerial decisions. There are several types of FDI including inward FDI into a country and outward FDI from a country. India allows up to 100% FDI under an automatic route in most sectors to encourage economic growth and development.
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) presented to Sir Ahmed Ghazali. It defines FDI and discusses types (inward and outward), forms (greenfield and mergers & acquisitions), sources, theories, stages, and factors in the decision framework for FDI. Theories covered include Mac Dougall-Kemp, industrial organization, and location specific theories. Benefits are outlined for both host and home countries, while drawbacks are noted for host countries. The document is a comprehensive introduction to FDI presented by a group of students.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm directly invests in facilities in another country. FDI can be for production, marketing, services, R&D, or accessing raw materials. A firm engaging in FDI becomes a multinational enterprise. Key issues around FDI include why firms choose it over alternatives, what makes locations attractive, and the costs and benefits from the perspective of host and source countries. While FDI can benefit countries through jobs and investment, it also poses risks like loss of economic independence. Governments establish policies to restrict or encourage FDI based on these considerations. Overall, the document discusses the concept of FDI, factors influencing it, and perspectives of different stakeholders.
The document provides an overview of foreign capital in India. It discusses the historical context of foreign capital in India dating back to the Indus Valley civilization and periods of trade along the Silk Road. It outlines the need for foreign capital to fill savings-investment gaps and address shortages in management skills, technology, and infrastructure. The document traces India's liberalization of foreign investment since the 1990s, resulting in increased foreign direct investment. It examines the forms of foreign capital such as investment, loans, aid, and the trends in capital inflows to India over time.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India's retail sector. It notes that FDI in multi-brand retail would be permitted up to 51% with government approval, with a minimum investment of $100 million. Retail locations could only be set up in cities with over 1 million people. FDI is expected to benefit consumers through improved quality, variety and competition, while helping address farmers' concerns through modernized supply chains. However, there are also risks like domestic firms facing greater competition and potential inflationary pressures.
Foreign direct investment involves an investment made by a company or entity in one country into a company or entity in another country. It often involves the transfer of people and technology between the two countries. China and India receive significant foreign direct investment from other developed countries. Foreign institutional investment refers to investment in a country's financial markets by investors located outside that country, such as mutual funds, hedge funds, pension funds and insurance companies.
This document is a project report submitted by Mr. Jiten H Menghani, a student at the University of Mumbai, for his M.Com degree. The report is about international capital movements and was guided by Prof. Mrs. Rachana Joshi. It includes an abstract, introduction, types of international capital movements such as foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, and factors influencing capital flows. It also discusses the role, impacts and drawbacks of foreign capital as well as capital flows to developing countries and India.
Day 1 Ashley Petersen - IDC - Funding Broadband in the rest of AfricaAdrian Hall
The IDC is a South African development finance institution that provides funding for infrastructure projects across Africa. It introduced itself and described its funding model, where it relies on returns from mature investments to cross-subsidize riskier developmental projects. The document discussed challenges in Africa's business environment but noted improvements in many countries. It argued that reducing broadband costs through infrastructure investment is important for technology adoption and economic growth. The IDC's role in funding broadband projects was outlined, as were lessons learned about project structuring and success factors for businesses operating in the rest of Africa.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in India. It defines FDI as investment from one country to another that offers the investor control over the asset. FPI refers to passive investment in stocks, bonds or other securities without active management or control. The document outlines factors that influence FDI and FPI inflows to India, key sectors that receive investment, recent policy changes to attract more foreign capital, and regulations governing foreign investment.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves investment by a company in another country. FDI can take several forms, such as joint ventures, capital market investments, and private placements. There are guidelines on what sectors and entities can participate in FDI in India, as well as restrictions on certain sectors. The document provides details on the forms, participants, approval processes, benefits and disadvantages of FDI in India.
Presentation on Foreign Direct Investment Aamir Gill
Foreign direct investment occurs when an investor from one country acquires assets in another country to manage. Countries seek foreign direct investment for economic growth as domestic capital is often inadequate. Foreign capital brings benefits like technical skills, expertise, and knowledge. There are three main types of foreign direct investment: horizontal investments in the same industries abroad, platform investments that use a destination country to export to a third country, and vertical investments that perform value-adding activities across international business chains. Pakistan saw foreign direct investment increase over 2010-2016, reaching a high of $3.2 billion in 2010. Foreign investors can acquire ownership of foreign companies through various methods like wholly owned subsidiaries or acquiring shares. Foreign direct investment provides benefits like job creation, but can
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India began increasing in the early 1990s after economic liberalization. FDI brings foreign capital into the country and helps improve India's foreign exchange reserves and reduce its external debt. While FDI has advantages like economic growth and job creation, it also faces challenges like bureaucratic hurdles and lack of infrastructure in India that discourage investment at times. The government has implemented reforms to increase FDI by allowing up to 100% foreign ownership in many sectors.
The role of the private sector in development finance_MOOC projectAfia Agyekum
The private sector plays a key role in development finance through various means. It contributes significantly to resource mobilization via taxes and as business investors. While private sector investment in developing countries has increased over tenfold since 2000, there remains room for growth. The public sector can help by establishing stable economic conditions, reliable infrastructure, and business-friendly regulations to attract more private capital toward achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Getting public-private partnerships going: good practices from the MENA regionOECDglobal
This document summarizes a presentation on public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It provides examples of successful PPP projects in countries like Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the UAE. It also outlines some challenges to implementing PPPs in MENA countries, such as a lack of centralized PPP units and long-term planning. Key success factors for enhancing PPP delivery include developing viable bankable projects, establishing PPP laws and dedicated units, and educating decision-makers and the public. PPP laws from countries like Egypt and Kuwait that establish transparent procurement processes and define public and private sector risks are highlighted as international best practices.
The importance of foreign direct investmentnurelveana
Foreign direct investment (FDI) provides both advantages and disadvantages to host countries. It can improve technology, competitiveness, productivity and create jobs. However, it may negatively impact the environment and expose state secrets. FDI also affects small and large businesses differently. For small businesses, FDI provides stability, while for large businesses it stimulates diversification and social development through job creation and wage increases. Overall, FDI plays an important role in economic development by creating new industries, though it also presents some risks.
IDFC is a major provider of infrastructure financing in India. It offers project financing, equity financing, structured products, and advisory/investment banking services focused on key sectors like transport, energy, telecom, and industrial infrastructure. IDFC has expanded from primarily financing power and roads to also include energy, IT, urban infrastructure, food, and agribusiness. It manages funds, provides investment banking services, and develops and finances infrastructure projects to support growth of the Indian economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in Africa. It defines FDI and outlines the two main forms it takes - greenfield investments that create new assets, and mergers and acquisitions that involve transferring ownership of existing assets. The document notes that most FDI in Africa has been through acquisitions rather than new investments. It also discusses why African countries view attracting FDI as important for economic development, highlighting their efforts to provide incentives and promote investment. However, it cautions that the costs and benefits of FDI depend on whether it is greenfield or acquisitions. The document concludes by recommending African countries implement policies to maximize the benefits of FDI.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India has grown significantly and provides several benefits to the country's economy. India offers incentives to attract more FDI, which contributes capital formation and brings skills and technology that spill over to domestic enterprises. While FDI boosts economic growth, some sectors have restrictions and FDI is routed through countries like Mauritius to take advantage of tax treaties. Both advantages like job creation and technology transfer, and disadvantages like inflation must be considered in policies regarding FDI and globalization.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI), including definitions, types of FDI, methods of foreign investors participating in enterprises in host countries, incentives for FDI, importance of FDI, FDI in India, sectors and limits of FDI in India, and difficulties in limiting FDI. FDI is defined as investment made by a company or entity located in one country into business interests located in another country and can involve mergers and acquisitions or building new facilities.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests directly in new facilities in a foreign country. FDI is undertaken to take advantage of lower costs for resources unavailable in the home country. The firm maintains significant control over the foreign operation and can affect managerial decisions. There are several types of FDI including inward FDI into a country and outward FDI from a country. India allows up to 100% FDI under an automatic route in most sectors to encourage economic growth and development.
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) presented to Sir Ahmed Ghazali. It defines FDI and discusses types (inward and outward), forms (greenfield and mergers & acquisitions), sources, theories, stages, and factors in the decision framework for FDI. Theories covered include Mac Dougall-Kemp, industrial organization, and location specific theories. Benefits are outlined for both host and home countries, while drawbacks are noted for host countries. The document is a comprehensive introduction to FDI presented by a group of students.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm directly invests in facilities in another country. FDI can be for production, marketing, services, R&D, or accessing raw materials. A firm engaging in FDI becomes a multinational enterprise. Key issues around FDI include why firms choose it over alternatives, what makes locations attractive, and the costs and benefits from the perspective of host and source countries. While FDI can benefit countries through jobs and investment, it also poses risks like loss of economic independence. Governments establish policies to restrict or encourage FDI based on these considerations. Overall, the document discusses the concept of FDI, factors influencing it, and perspectives of different stakeholders.
The document provides an overview of foreign capital in India. It discusses the historical context of foreign capital in India dating back to the Indus Valley civilization and periods of trade along the Silk Road. It outlines the need for foreign capital to fill savings-investment gaps and address shortages in management skills, technology, and infrastructure. The document traces India's liberalization of foreign investment since the 1990s, resulting in increased foreign direct investment. It examines the forms of foreign capital such as investment, loans, aid, and the trends in capital inflows to India over time.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India's retail sector. It notes that FDI in multi-brand retail would be permitted up to 51% with government approval, with a minimum investment of $100 million. Retail locations could only be set up in cities with over 1 million people. FDI is expected to benefit consumers through improved quality, variety and competition, while helping address farmers' concerns through modernized supply chains. However, there are also risks like domestic firms facing greater competition and potential inflationary pressures.
Foreign direct investment involves an investment made by a company or entity in one country into a company or entity in another country. It often involves the transfer of people and technology between the two countries. China and India receive significant foreign direct investment from other developed countries. Foreign institutional investment refers to investment in a country's financial markets by investors located outside that country, such as mutual funds, hedge funds, pension funds and insurance companies.
This document is a project report submitted by Mr. Jiten H Menghani, a student at the University of Mumbai, for his M.Com degree. The report is about international capital movements and was guided by Prof. Mrs. Rachana Joshi. It includes an abstract, introduction, types of international capital movements such as foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, and factors influencing capital flows. It also discusses the role, impacts and drawbacks of foreign capital as well as capital flows to developing countries and India.
Day 1 Ashley Petersen - IDC - Funding Broadband in the rest of AfricaAdrian Hall
The IDC is a South African development finance institution that provides funding for infrastructure projects across Africa. It introduced itself and described its funding model, where it relies on returns from mature investments to cross-subsidize riskier developmental projects. The document discussed challenges in Africa's business environment but noted improvements in many countries. It argued that reducing broadband costs through infrastructure investment is important for technology adoption and economic growth. The IDC's role in funding broadband projects was outlined, as were lessons learned about project structuring and success factors for businesses operating in the rest of Africa.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in India. It defines FDI as investment from one country to another that offers the investor control over the asset. FPI refers to passive investment in stocks, bonds or other securities without active management or control. The document outlines factors that influence FDI and FPI inflows to India, key sectors that receive investment, recent policy changes to attract more foreign capital, and regulations governing foreign investment.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves investment by a company in another country. FDI can take several forms, such as joint ventures, capital market investments, and private placements. There are guidelines on what sectors and entities can participate in FDI in India, as well as restrictions on certain sectors. The document provides details on the forms, participants, approval processes, benefits and disadvantages of FDI in India.
Presentation on Foreign Direct Investment Aamir Gill
Foreign direct investment occurs when an investor from one country acquires assets in another country to manage. Countries seek foreign direct investment for economic growth as domestic capital is often inadequate. Foreign capital brings benefits like technical skills, expertise, and knowledge. There are three main types of foreign direct investment: horizontal investments in the same industries abroad, platform investments that use a destination country to export to a third country, and vertical investments that perform value-adding activities across international business chains. Pakistan saw foreign direct investment increase over 2010-2016, reaching a high of $3.2 billion in 2010. Foreign investors can acquire ownership of foreign companies through various methods like wholly owned subsidiaries or acquiring shares. Foreign direct investment provides benefits like job creation, but can
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India began increasing in the early 1990s after economic liberalization. FDI brings foreign capital into the country and helps improve India's foreign exchange reserves and reduce its external debt. While FDI has advantages like economic growth and job creation, it also faces challenges like bureaucratic hurdles and lack of infrastructure in India that discourage investment at times. The government has implemented reforms to increase FDI by allowing up to 100% foreign ownership in many sectors.
The role of the private sector in development finance_MOOC projectAfia Agyekum
The private sector plays a key role in development finance through various means. It contributes significantly to resource mobilization via taxes and as business investors. While private sector investment in developing countries has increased over tenfold since 2000, there remains room for growth. The public sector can help by establishing stable economic conditions, reliable infrastructure, and business-friendly regulations to attract more private capital toward achievement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Getting public-private partnerships going: good practices from the MENA regionOECDglobal
This document summarizes a presentation on public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It provides examples of successful PPP projects in countries like Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and the UAE. It also outlines some challenges to implementing PPPs in MENA countries, such as a lack of centralized PPP units and long-term planning. Key success factors for enhancing PPP delivery include developing viable bankable projects, establishing PPP laws and dedicated units, and educating decision-makers and the public. PPP laws from countries like Egypt and Kuwait that establish transparent procurement processes and define public and private sector risks are highlighted as international best practices.
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign portfolio investment (FPI) in India. It defines FDI and FPI, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and compares the key differences between them. FDI refers to direct investment in facilities and assets in a foreign country, while FPI is the purchase of stocks and bonds on foreign exchanges. The document outlines India's policies and limits on FDI in different industries, as well as factors influencing FDI inflows into India.
Foreign Direct Investment in India (FDI)Ameya Gandhi
This document lists the group members of a project and provides information about foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It summarizes key sectors that receive FDI in India like services, manufacturing, retail, and tourism. It also outlines India's FDI policies and restrictions in different sectors. Major investing countries in India include Mauritius, Singapore, USA, and UK. The document emphasizes the need to attract quality FDI and focus on export-oriented investments to benefit the local economy.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) trends and challenges in attracting productive FDI to support development in the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) region.
It finds that while FDI inflows to the ESCWA region have grown significantly, the top recipients are primarily Gulf countries rich in oil and gas. To better leverage FDI for development, countries need policies to encourage knowledge and technology transfers to domestic firms, entrepreneurship, and regional investment. Public-private partnerships can help develop infrastructure to support continued growth. Strengthening data collection and sharing between UNCTAD and UNESCWA would aid policymaking.
Impact of fdi and joint venture on employment generationAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and joint ventures on employment generation in Bangladesh. It finds that FDI inflows into Bangladesh occurred randomly, while joint venture inflows followed a trend. Regression analysis showed that FDI inflows did not significantly explain changes in Bangladesh's employment levels over the past decade. However, joint ventures were found to have a statistically significant positive impact on employment generation in Bangladesh.
The document describes the Energy Service Co-Fund (ESCO-F) model, which aims to attract private sector investment in energy efficiency projects for public facilities in developing countries. The ESCO-F will provide low-interest capital financing and technical support to de-risk projects and mobilize private funds. It will work with public sector clients like schools and hospitals to implement retrofits and replace outdated technologies. The goal is to both reduce energy costs for governments and lower carbon emissions through more efficient infrastructure.
Attracting Private Investment To Ghana V3daviwright
This document discusses attracting private investment to Ghana's rail infrastructure. It outlines several key concerns that must be addressed to attract private investors, including financial viability of projects, distribution of revenues, and risk assessment. Private investors require projects to have clear revenues to cover costs and provide adequate returns. The document also details challenges Africa faces in attracting private investment, such as weak infrastructure, macroeconomic instability, and political/regulatory risks. It argues Ghana must address these issues through reforms to improve its business environment and attract more private capital for development.
The work is aimed primarily at ‘new to Africa’ actors/investors interested in sub-Saharan Africa rather than the larger scale, established classic LBO market in South Africa and elsewhere around the globe, hence the theme: “In the Shadow of the Giants". It is based on opinions of stakeholders in the industry to create an overview and facilitate a better understanding of the challenges they face and the innovative approaches to the business model that have been made to deal with them.
Innovative Approaches along the Private Equity Value Chain in Sub-Sahara Africaasafeiran
This document discusses private equity in sub-Saharan Africa. It conducted interviews with 43 stakeholders in the African private equity ecosystem to understand challenges and innovative approaches. The key challenges identified are high costs of operating due to fragmented markets and lack of infrastructure/talent, difficulties with fundraising due to reliance on development finance institutions previously, and limited deal flow due to the nascent industry and lack of "investment ready" companies. However, private equity firms have found innovative solutions along the investment value chain, such as specializing in niches, accessing new sources of capital, creating platforms for regional growth, and developing local talent. Overall, while the industry is growing more competitive, opportunities remain for firms that can operate effectively on the ground in Africa
Foreign investment and foreign collaboration provide capital and technology that can help developing countries. Foreign investment comes in the forms of foreign direct investment, like wholly owned subsidiaries, and portfolio investment, like investments in stocks. It brings benefits like increased investment and exports, but also risks like distorting domestic development. India has pursued policies since the 1940s to attract foreign capital while regulating it. The 1991 reforms liberalized many industries and incentives to attract more foreign technology and investment. Further reforms are still needed to improve infrastructure, skills, and the business environment to maximize the benefits of foreign investment.
Evidence on the Dynamic Relationship between Stock Market All Share Index and...iosrjce
This study examines the dynamic relationship between Stock Market All Share Index and Gross Fixed
Capital Formation in Nigeria. Annual data on market capitalization, value of shares traded, all share index,
average prime lending rate, inflation rate, national savings and gross fixed capital formation at current
purchaser’s value from 1980 to 2012 were sourced from the statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria
and the Nigerian Stock Exchange Fact Book various issues. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression
technique was employed in the data analysis and the error correction mechanism (ECM) was used to study the
short-run dynamics as well as long-run relationship between the stock market and gross fixed capital formation
in Nigeria. The result revealed that all share index of the Nigerian stock market has significant effect on gross
fixed capital formation. It further shows that though the capital market has the potential of influencing gross
fixed capital formation its’ effect has not been fully realized due to illiquidity and low level of development of
the Nigerian capital market. It is recommended that appropriate policy measures been taken to deepen the
market and strengthen the structure of the market to ensure that long term funds are used to finance long-term
investments.
Newly industrialized countries (NICs) are nations that have experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth in recent decades. Key characteristics of NICs include rapid productivity growth, quick industrialization, high levels of investment, and a focus on exporting manufactured goods. Countries like South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, and others grew their economies through policies that encouraged exports, re-investing profits domestically. Low wages and access to foreign technology also contributed to NIC growth. However, many still depend on imports from more developed countries for machinery and face constraints as wages rise.
NICs are countries that have experienced rapid industrialization and economic growth in recent decades. They are characterized by high investment, capital formation funded by domestic savings, a high propensity to export manufactured goods, and rapid productivity growth. Reasons for their growth include adopting imported technology, cheap labor, export-oriented policies, and government intervention to promote development. While NICs still rely on technology from advanced countries, some have become countries of origin for TNCs themselves and now invest in other developing and developed countries.
Private sector driven development financing in fragile and conflict stateseduokolo
Promoting private sector growth in fragile states could be one tangible first step toward better governance and more diverse, robust economies. However, despite a sound rationale for public sector intervention in the private sector, private sector development (PSD)–focused activities in fragile state environments remain vulnerable to a range of binding or limiting constraints.
The document provides an overview of funding options for businesses from Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) in South Africa, with a focus on the National Empowerment Fund (NEF). It discusses the roles and mandates of various DFIs, the types of products and criteria for funding, and examples of businesses that received NEF funding. The key points made are that DFIs provide funding and support to promote strategic sectors and address market gaps, the NEF exclusively funds black empowered businesses, and examples show funding went to projects in various industries ranging from transportation to tourism to construction.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI). It defines FDI as investment made by transnational corporations to increase international business, usually through establishing new production facilities abroad. Businesses and governments engage in FDI to expand markets and acquire foreign resources. There are various methods for firms to invest abroad, like joint ventures or mergers and acquisitions, which are less risky than direct FDI. The document also discusses factors that attract FDI to countries, like market size, infrastructure, and political stability. It outlines sectors where FDI is permitted and not permitted in India.
Financing for development Final Project : Urbanizing Central African Republic...Mel Makoge
The aim of this digital artifact is to inform the general public, particularly the Central African States, about the different financing options available to the World Bank Group through its International Development Association (IDA) in its Private Sector Window (PSW). We present a practical example of how IDA uses its PSW funding strategy as a solution for the economic recovery of Fragile and Conflict-affected States (FCS) such as the Central African Republic. Finally, as sustainable development is a participatory process, we present some premises on which these poor countries or FCS must work in order to allow an effective exit from poverty and underdevelopment to prosperity.
Private Equity in Africa – thoughts and comparisons from the Middle East…Ben Sims
Darren Harris and Ben Sims, both of Addleshaw Goddard's Dubai office, outline some of the common characteristics between the landscape in the Middle East and that in Africa, investing in Africa from the Middle East and the challenges facing the landscapes.
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Similar to Iraqi private sector's perspective on economic zone sectors (20)
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3. Agenda
What is the PDSC?
Snapshot from the ICA Report 2012
Lessons Learned from Post Conflict Countries
Examples on Obstacles faced by an IZ
Private and Public Sector Zones
Examples of PPP
4. What is the PSDC?
™
™
The Center is a joint private sector body in Iraq
focused on economic reform. Its mission is to
contribute to:
– Business Development
– Investment
– Economic Growth
– Entrepreneurship
The Center will achieve the above by:
– Identifying barriers to reform
– Working with the Government to implement
tangible solutions
5. PSDC structure
er
Steer
Ste g
ing
in
Com
Come
t
mitte
mit
e
e
The Secretariat
provides support to
the steering
committee and the
working groups.
The Center is led by the
Steering Committee.
Secretaria
Secretaria
t
t
Regular discussions on
reform issues will take
place through
Working Groups.
Working Groups
Working Groups
14. Definition of SEZ
A ‘Special Economic Zone’ is
defined as geographically delimited
areas administered by a single body,
offering certain incentives.
15. Lessons learned from Croatia
and Mozambique
1. There is no need to wait until the conflict is resolved to
start preparing an FDI-friendly environment
2. Anchor the country’s FDI-related laws to international
standard
3. GFDI attraction efforts should primarily focus on source
countries with an advantage in understanding local host
country conditions
4. Generous, targeted incentives may be necessary to
secure and extract additional benefits from FDI projectsn
Source: UN Conference on Trade and
16. Lessons learned from Croatia
and Mozambique
5. Special economic zones are simple ways of creating ideal
regulatory environments for FDI in the presence of weak
overall business climates.
6. Privatization can benefit public finances and attract FDI
early on
7. The employment impact of FDI differs by sector and
mode of entry. It may be desirable to offer incentives to
encourage investment in labour-intensive sectors, or to limit
privatizations and sales of domestic firms to foreign
investors, especially in the immediate post-conflict period.
However, long-run considerations of efficient labour
allocation should not be ignored
Source: UN Conference on Trade and
17. Lessons learned from Croatia
and Mozambique
8. FDI cannot be expected to alleviate regional inequalities,
but it still has a role play in improving conditions in
disadvantaged regions
9. Backbone infrastructure may not benefit from substantial
FDI for several years after the conflict is resolved. During
these years, ODA is a more important external source of
funding for these projects. Over time, FDA can come to play
a more direct role
10. FDI can be successful in raising and diversifying exports
18. Lessons learned from Croatia
and Mozambique
11. Weak business climates for local firms may hinder their
ability to spontaneously link with FDI and create valuable
spillover effects. This necessitates either strong reform
efforts at the local level or government action to improve
the capacity of SMEs to coordinate with FDI
12. FDI helps improve tax revenues in absolute terms…
19. Obstacles Faced by the Dakar
EPZ
™
™
™
™
™
™
Excessive bureaucracy involving different institutions in the
country, especially customs;
Unnecessarily long delays in obtaining necessary permits (often
more than one year);
Unrealistic goals imposed on potential investors, both with regard
to jobs to be created and initial investment;
Poor reputation of the local workforce, which was labeled
unproductive and overly expensive;
Elevated cost of other factors of production (energy, water,
communications);
Rigid and constraining labor regulations; employment contracts
were permanent and employers did not have complete freedom
to recruit the people they wanted.
Source: Cling and letilly, 2001
20. Private & Public Sector Zones in Developing &
Transition Economies
Sources: BearingPoint; Il database; WEPZa (2007); FIAS research.
Region
Americas
Asia and the
Pacific
Africa (subsahara)
MENA
Central & Eastern
Europe and
Central Asia
Public
146
435
Private
394
556
Total
540
991
49
65
114
173
69
40
374
213
443
21. Examples of PPP in Zone
Development
Country/Zone
Role of Public Sector
Role of Private
Sector
Gaza Indust. Est.
West Bank &
Gaza
Financing all external
infrastructure as well as
factory shells, provision of
land on long-term lease
Financing internal
infrastructure and
management of
zones
Aqaba Ind. Est.
Jordan
Financing all external
infrastructure, provision of
land on long-term lease
Financing internal
infrastructure and
management of
zones
Subic Indust. Est. Financing all external
Philippines
infrastructure as well as
factory shells, equity stake
in industrial estate
Financing internal
infrastructure and
management of
zones
Tan Thuan EPZ
Vietnam
Financing of all
internal and external
infrastructure and
management of
Provision of land on longterm basis, right of way
development rights on
access roads
22. Questions
1.
3.
4.
Do we need (now) to be sector specific?
How can investment zones help to develop Iraq's
private sector?
What does the Iraqi private sector need from the
government to effectively engage with foreign
companies working in investment zones?