1. Sustainable development requires transitions to more sustainable systems that incorporate processes of societal, ecological, economic, cultural and technological evolution over the long term. 2. Governance for sustainability transitions should allow societies to self-organize towards sustainability through deliberate and reflexive strategies that promote innovation while securing long-term sustainability values. 3. An operational framework for transition governance includes strategic visioning, experimental tactics at the subsystem level, monitoring and evaluation, and science-policy co-production to guide transitions.