1. The document discusses a survey of college students' attitudes toward English e-tutoring websites. It finds that most students believe e-tutoring provides greater convenience than offline alternatives, and that website designers should ensure high quality content and an intuitive interface.
2. The global market for English learning is growing rapidly due to increased demand for English skills in business. E-learning is becoming more prevalent, especially in large countries like China, India, and the US.
3. The study examined college students' perceptions of using the internet and e-tutoring sites to prepare for the TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication) exam.
An Empirical Study Of How The Learning Attitudes Of College Students Toward E...Cynthia King
The document discusses a study that used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore how college students' attitudes towards English e-tutoring websites affect the sustainability of the sites. The study found that most students felt online learning was more convenient and effective than non-internet resources. This suggests website designers should ensure high quality content and address student interface needs to maintain loyalty and support learning.
February 2024 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal on Integrating ...IJITE
This journal is an interdisciplinary form for educators who wish to improve the quality of instruction through the use of computers and how to implement it effectively into instruction. This forum also aims to provide a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.
Luận Văn Phương Pháp Nghiên Cứu Khoa Học Bằng Tiếng Anh, 9 Điểm đã chia sẻ đến cho các bạn một bài mẫu hoàn toàn hữu ích. Nếu như bạn có nhu cầu cần tải bài mẫu này vui lòng nhắn tin ngay qua zalo/telegram : 0932.091.562 để được hỗ trợ tải nhé.
This study aims at investigating the effect of computer- assisted language learning program on EFL Saudi students learning of English. The computerized program used was prepared by the researcher. The sample of the study consisted of 41 students randomly selected from Al-Riyadh
Teachers' College and assigned to experimental and control groups. An achievement test was used to collect data from the students who participated in this research. The findings of the study indicated that using computer-assisted English language learning (CALL) has a positive effect on the experimental group students' achievement.
An investigation of efl learners using the ict the case of laos undergraduat...Sam Rany
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among English as a foreign language learners at the National University of Laos. The study found that ICT use was relatively low among students, who generally lacked the necessary computer and internet skills. Most students did not have adequate access to facilities or skills to use ICT for English language learning, despite recognizing its benefits. The study recommends increasing ICT access and developing students' ICT and internet skills to better equip them for the digital world.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among English as a foreign language learners at the National University of Laos. The study found that ICT use was relatively low among students, who generally lacked the necessary computer and internet skills to effectively use ICT for language learning. Most students did not have reliable access to ICT facilities or the ability to utilize online resources for English learning, despite recognizing ICT's potential benefits. The researchers recommend increasing ICT availability and training students in relevant digital skills to improve English education and prepare students for the digital world.
Measuring The Effectiveness Of Educational TechnologyIJSRED
This document summarizes a research report on measuring the effectiveness of educational technology. The report was submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Engineering Management at the George Washington University in Bahrain. The report includes an introduction on the background of educational technology and its increasing role in education. It then discusses the research problem of determining which technologies are most effective for language learning and the lack of recent research on topics like mobile applications. The purpose of the study is to examine the importance of technology as an instructional tool and make recommendations to help officials decide how to incorporate educational technology appropriately. The report presents a literature review, research methodology using surveys and experiments, results and findings, and conclusions.
This document summarizes a research report on measuring the effectiveness of educational technology. The report was submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Engineering Management at the George Washington University in Bahrain. The report includes an introduction on the background of educational technology and its increasing role in education. It then discusses the research problem of determining which technologies are most effective for language learning and the lack of recent research on topics like mobile applications. The purpose of the study is to examine the importance of technology as an instructional tool and make recommendations to help officials decide how to incorporate educational technology appropriately. The report presents a literature review, research methodology using surveys and experiments, results and findings, and conclusions.
An Empirical Study Of How The Learning Attitudes Of College Students Toward E...Cynthia King
The document discusses a study that used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explore how college students' attitudes towards English e-tutoring websites affect the sustainability of the sites. The study found that most students felt online learning was more convenient and effective than non-internet resources. This suggests website designers should ensure high quality content and address student interface needs to maintain loyalty and support learning.
February 2024 - Top 10 Read Articles in International Journal on Integrating ...IJITE
This journal is an interdisciplinary form for educators who wish to improve the quality of instruction through the use of computers and how to implement it effectively into instruction. This forum also aims to provide a platform for exchanging ideas in new emerging trends that needs more focus and exposure and will attempt to publish proposals that strengthen our goals.
Luận Văn Phương Pháp Nghiên Cứu Khoa Học Bằng Tiếng Anh, 9 Điểm đã chia sẻ đến cho các bạn một bài mẫu hoàn toàn hữu ích. Nếu như bạn có nhu cầu cần tải bài mẫu này vui lòng nhắn tin ngay qua zalo/telegram : 0932.091.562 để được hỗ trợ tải nhé.
This study aims at investigating the effect of computer- assisted language learning program on EFL Saudi students learning of English. The computerized program used was prepared by the researcher. The sample of the study consisted of 41 students randomly selected from Al-Riyadh
Teachers' College and assigned to experimental and control groups. An achievement test was used to collect data from the students who participated in this research. The findings of the study indicated that using computer-assisted English language learning (CALL) has a positive effect on the experimental group students' achievement.
An investigation of efl learners using the ict the case of laos undergraduat...Sam Rany
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among English as a foreign language learners at the National University of Laos. The study found that ICT use was relatively low among students, who generally lacked the necessary computer and internet skills. Most students did not have adequate access to facilities or skills to use ICT for English language learning, despite recognizing its benefits. The study recommends increasing ICT access and developing students' ICT and internet skills to better equip them for the digital world.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the use of information and communication technology (ICT) among English as a foreign language learners at the National University of Laos. The study found that ICT use was relatively low among students, who generally lacked the necessary computer and internet skills to effectively use ICT for language learning. Most students did not have reliable access to ICT facilities or the ability to utilize online resources for English learning, despite recognizing ICT's potential benefits. The researchers recommend increasing ICT availability and training students in relevant digital skills to improve English education and prepare students for the digital world.
Measuring The Effectiveness Of Educational TechnologyIJSRED
This document summarizes a research report on measuring the effectiveness of educational technology. The report was submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Engineering Management at the George Washington University in Bahrain. The report includes an introduction on the background of educational technology and its increasing role in education. It then discusses the research problem of determining which technologies are most effective for language learning and the lack of recent research on topics like mobile applications. The purpose of the study is to examine the importance of technology as an instructional tool and make recommendations to help officials decide how to incorporate educational technology appropriately. The report presents a literature review, research methodology using surveys and experiments, results and findings, and conclusions.
This document summarizes a research report on measuring the effectiveness of educational technology. The report was submitted in partial fulfillment of a Master's degree in Engineering Management at the George Washington University in Bahrain. The report includes an introduction on the background of educational technology and its increasing role in education. It then discusses the research problem of determining which technologies are most effective for language learning and the lack of recent research on topics like mobile applications. The purpose of the study is to examine the importance of technology as an instructional tool and make recommendations to help officials decide how to incorporate educational technology appropriately. The report presents a literature review, research methodology using surveys and experiments, results and findings, and conclusions.
1) The document discusses the use of educational technology and other learning resources in language teaching. It presents an overview of modern teaching practices using computers and the Internet in the classroom.
2) A case study is described that examined the impact of an educational technology program called Intel Teach on students compared to a control group where traditional teaching methods were used. Assessment results showed students in the technology-integrated group performed better.
3) The case study found that the technology program improved students' computer skills and attitudes towards technology use, supporting theories that students learn in different ways and benefit from more hands-on, collaborative, project-based approaches.
Dr. David E. Herrington, Dissertation Chair for Cheng Chieh Lai, PhD Disserta...William Kritsonis
This document summarizes a dissertation defense presented by Cheng-Chieh Lai on the effectiveness of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs for enhancing English learning among students with limited English proficiency. The dissertation included quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine how personal factors influence students' perceived usefulness and ease of use of CALL programs. Major findings indicated native language and age were significant factors influencing perceived usefulness, while gender, education level, and technology experience were not significant factors. Interviews provided perspectives on advantages, disadvantages and roles of CALL programs.
Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/Th...William Kritsonis
Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/The Texas A&M University System, 2008. Committee Members: Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Dr. Camille Gibson, Dr. Tyrone Tanner, Dr. Pamela T. Barber Freeman
Eil implications for policy and pedagogycjeremysykes
1. The document discusses approaches to teaching English as an international language in Taiwan, including a focus on English for academic purposes, content and language integrated learning, and English as a lingua franca.
2. It notes the Taiwanese government's efforts to improve English education but reports disappointing results, with many students still unable to communicate verbally in English.
3. The document advocates for reforms in Taiwan's university entrance exam system, English language instruction methods, and teacher training to better prepare students for using English internationally.
Kamlesh akash research paper on open educational app development for teching ...Kamlesh Joshi
The document discusses open educational mobile application development and implementation for teaching English courses. It notes that technology can help achieve educational goals and create low-anxiety learning environments. Mobile devices are widely available and can be an alternative to computers for language learning through mobile assisted language learning (MALL) apps. A survey found that many English teachers already use mobile internet and resources for teaching, and have confidence in mobile learning's future role in language education, though more appropriate content is needed.
This document analyzes various online resources and platforms that an English teacher can use to develop language skills. It discusses SWAYAM, an Indian government program that provides online courses free of cost. It also examines OneStopEnglish.com, a site by Macmillan Education containing over 8,000 lesson plans, worksheets, audio/video for different student levels and abilities. Additionally, it outlines the features of OneStopEnglish like its professional layout, secure payment options, and ease of finding standalone materials requiring no preparation.
This document discusses how learning management systems (LMS) can help link electronic learning materials directly to curricula. LMS are software that administer, track, and deliver educational courses online. They provide a digital space for documentation, tracking, and online delivery of materials. Examples include Google Classroom, Blackboard, and Moodle. While e-learning has advantages like expanded access and lower costs, it also has disadvantages like lack of interaction and feelings of isolation. Blended learning, which combines online and face-to-face learning, is presented as an alternative that can address some of e-learning's limitations.
Learning English “enjoyment or need” for the Students in Omaninventionjournals
1. The study aimed to identify whether students in Oman enjoy learning English or view it as a necessity.
2. A questionnaire was administered to 50 students, finding that over 80% did not enjoy English lessons but over 70% recognized its importance for jobs.
3. While students may not enjoy English classes currently, the document suggests strategies like peer learning and exchange programs could make English learning more enjoyable.
EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS THE USE OF E-LEARNINGAJHSSR Journal
This document summarizes a research study that examined EFL (English as a foreign language) students' perceptions of using e-learning at a university in Vietnam. A questionnaire was administered to 60 English major students to assess their perceptions of the usefulness, ease of use, and behavioral intentions regarding the e-learning system. The results showed that students found e-learning to be flexible and useful for submitting assignments. They also felt confident in their ability to use the system. However, the study recommends providing more training to help students effectively find and interact with information on the e-learning system to enhance learning. Suggestions are also made for universities, instructors, and students to improve the e-learning process.
_Is learning English online less effective than learning in a face-to-face classFatima Odiver
This document discusses online learning versus face-to-face classroom learning, specifically for learning English. It provides background definitions of online learning terminology like asynchronous, synchronous, and blended learning. It also shares statistics on the growing number of online learners and course providers globally. The document aims to analyze whether online learning is less effective than classroom learning and presents issues to consider when choosing between the two options.
This document summarizes a research study that examined students' perceptions of integrating online activities into an English for Specific Purposes language course. A questionnaire was administered to 75 law and law/management students to gather data on their attitudes. Statistical analysis found no significant relationship between positive responses from the two student groups, but did find a significant relationship between their negative responses. Within groups, responses varied more by individual than by area of study. The study concludes that online learning elicits some resistance likely due to personal preferences rather than field of study.
The attitudes towards e learning of students and teachers at a vietnamese eng...MattThird
The document summarizes a dissertation that investigated attitudes towards e-learning among students and teachers at a Vietnamese English center. A questionnaire was administered to 10 students and interviews were conducted with 3 teachers to examine perceptions of e-learning practices, benefits/drawbacks, and impacts on teaching and learning. The findings suggested the institution provided favorable conditions for e-learning. Both students and teachers expressed awareness of advantages from e-learning but also pointed to obstacles like inadequate training and computer inexperience. Improvements in communication, information searching, and parent involvement were emphasized impacts.
Using Computer Assisted Language Learning for English Language Teaching An Ad...ijtsrd
In this modern era of information and technology, CALL is widely regarded as a technique for language teaching and learning. When it comes to learning languages, computers are increasingly being used to aid in the teaching and learning process, particularly for English language teaching ELT . This is known as computer assisted language learning. Using CALL can be more productive in language teaching and learning. When it comes to teaching and learning, ICT is commonly regarded as a tool, but there are still a number of problems with effectively using CALL. Nevertheless, a certain level of sensitivity and knowledge of how the program might be utilised effectively is required for its incorporation into language training via CALL. The goal of this research is to examine the impact of computer assisted language learning in the context of English language teaching and learning, specifically the types of activities that are more likely to be successful. There is an outline of how computers have evolved in the classroom. Discussing the benefits and drawbacks of using CALL in the classroom will be done. Moving forward, this paper will cover a variety of computer based learning activities for English language training with a focus on CALL, the future of CALL, and how it might be further developed in the context of todays rapidly expanding technological landscape. This article will also discuss the complexity of CALL and its adaptive approach with respect to individuals understanding, as well as the contribution of CALL and its success in teaching English and aiding language learning. Amir "Using Computer Assisted Language Learning for English Language Teaching: An Adaptive Approach with its Current Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49398.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/49398/using-computer-assisted-language-learning-for-english-language-teaching-an-adaptive-approach-with-its-current-development/amir
A Quantitative Inquiry into the Effects of Blended Learning on English Langua...suhailaabdulaziz
The document summarizes a study that investigated Malaysian undergraduates' perceptions of a blended learning approach used in an English for Academic Purposes course. The course utilized a new textbook with online components. A questionnaire was administered to 198 students to understand their views on the appropriateness of the materials for their language needs and proficiency levels, and ability to cater to diverse interests. The findings revealed that students viewed the materials favorably and found the textbook and activities engaging. However, slow internet connectivity was a challenge when using the online components.
Opening Comments, ALT policy board, 29th April 2013Martin Oliver
1. The document discusses the past, present, and future of technology in education, noting that while technology has long been predicted to transform education, its impact has been slow.
2. Currently, MOOCs and online education are proliferating but face challenges around student retention and completion rates.
3. Looking ahead, issues include whether prestigious universities' MOOCs will displace lower-prestige institutions, competition from global providers, and ensuring education remains accessible to all.
This document discusses a research study on the effect of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) on students' motivation and attitude in learning English. The study aims to see if using English software and CD-ROMs in teaching can increase students' motivation and lead to a better attitude towards learning English. Previous research has shown motivation and attitude influence learning success but few studies have looked at both factors together using CALL. The researcher hopes to contribute new understanding in this area by examining junior high school students in Parepare, Indonesia.
Improving the Productive Skills of the Students through Selected Teaching Str...ijtsrd
This paper focuses on the ways to highlight the needs for developing the productive skills of the fresh students, at the University of Computer Studies Pakokku , Myanmar. This paper explores the strategies to enable the learners to communicate among themselves in their daily life. It also includes an eclectic approach to the current methodologies and the implementation of teaching writing and speaking strategies. Then needs analysis is used in order to investigate the actual needs of the students. To achieve successful learning in class, suggested activities are also provided. As writing and speaking have many features in common, by deliberately controlling a number of variables, language teachers can make writing closer to speaking and improve students' speaking skill through writing activities and vice visa. This paper recommends the procedures and strategies as well as communicative activities to be of great help for developing the students' productive skills. Khin Hnin Si | Pwint Oo Khin "Improving the Productive Skills of the Students through Selected Teaching Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27956.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/27956/improving-the-productive-skills-of-the-students-through-selected-teaching-strategies/khin-hnin-si
The Advantages ofUsilng Technology inSecond Lanlguage E.docxmehek4
The Advantages of
Usilng Technology 'in
Second Lanlguage Educat'ion
Techwnology lntegrat'lon 'in Foreilgn ILanguage
to a Cownstructmovist Learn'lng Approach
BY Li WANG
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
38 T.H.E. Journal I www.thejournal.com I May 2005
ith the advent of networked comrputers and lnte:rnet technology,
computer-based instruction has been widely used in language class-
rooms throughout the United States. Computer technologies have
dramatically changed the way people gather information, conduct research
and communicate with others worldwide. Considering the tremendous startupyV
expenses, copyright issues, objectionable materials and other potential dis-
advantages of technology, much research has been conducted regarding: the
effectiveness of, and better strategies for, technology integration.Taking the
characteristics of language learning into account, 'this article helps answer two
important questions: Do we need technology in language classrooms? And
what kinds of services do comp:uter technologies provide for :these classroomrs?
Background Studies
Web-based writing instruction has proved to be an impor-
tant factor in enhancing the writing quality of low-ability
English as a foreign language (EFL) students. In a study
designed to examine the effectiveness of Web-based instruction
in the writing of freshman EFL students, Al-Jarf (2004) found
that the use of Web-based lessons as a supplement to tradi-
tional in-class writing instruction was significantly more effec-
tive than teaching which depended on the textbook alone. The
experimental group of students received online instruction in
which they posted their own threads, short paragraphs, stories
and poems on a discussion board. They also located informa-
tion from the Internet, as well as wrote paragraphs and checked
their own spelling using Microsoft Word.
In another study, Hertel (2003) describes an intercultural
e-mail exchange at the college level where U.S. students in a
beginning Spanish class and Mexican students in an interme-
diate English as a Second Language class corresponded weekly
for one semester. Survey results revealed this student-cen-
tered endeavor had the potential to
change cultural attitudes, increase _
knowledge and awareness of other The best
cultures, foster language acquisition, al anguag
as well as boost student interest and active, aur
motivation in language and cultural ronmenti
studies.
Bernhardt, Rivera and Kamil technoloe
conducted a study in 2004 to exam- interet
ine the practicality and efficiency ful tools 1
of Web-based placement testing for these apj
college-level language programs.
Qualitative analysis of the data indi- langiJag
cated that students, administrators
:wi
re
ith
' 1
and instructors benefited from the online placement tests. For
students, accessing a placement test at their convenience with-
out making an extra summer trip to campus was seen as an
incredible time-saver. At the same time, havin ...
Social Networking for Language Learners: Creating Meaningful Output with Web ...wanzahirah
The document discusses how social networking tools can provide opportunities for meaningful language practice and output for learners. It describes how Web 2.0 tools like YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook allow learners to interact authentically and generate content in the target language. Challenges for learners in traditional language classes like lack of opportunities for practice can be addressed through social media where learners can record videos, post updates, and communicate virtually to improve their skills. Teachers can support learners by having them practice content before sharing online and setting guidelines for appropriate social media use.
The document discusses technologies that can empower teachers in the classroom. It argues that schools should use technologies that support teachers' instructional goals rather than distracting from teaching. Successful technologies enable teachers to accomplish more with fewer resources. Examples mentioned include communication platforms, mobile apps that grade work and provide lesson plans. For technologies to be effective, schools must maintain and support programs, provide access to resources, and offer training and incentives for teachers to participate. The document also outlines standards for effective use of technology in education.
What Should I Write My College Essay About 15Amy Cernava
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attaching a sample for style imitation.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback, then pay a deposit to start.
4. Review the paper and authorize full payment if pleased, or request revisions using the free revision policy.
5. Confidently choose HelpWriting.net knowing needs will be fully met through original, high-quality content or a full refund.
A New Breakdown Of. Online assignment writing service.Amy Cernava
The document provides a 5-step process for requesting writing help from HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account and provide contact information.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, deadline, and sample work.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied.
5. Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund for plagiarized work.
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1) The document discusses the use of educational technology and other learning resources in language teaching. It presents an overview of modern teaching practices using computers and the Internet in the classroom.
2) A case study is described that examined the impact of an educational technology program called Intel Teach on students compared to a control group where traditional teaching methods were used. Assessment results showed students in the technology-integrated group performed better.
3) The case study found that the technology program improved students' computer skills and attitudes towards technology use, supporting theories that students learn in different ways and benefit from more hands-on, collaborative, project-based approaches.
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Dr. David E. Herrington, PhD Dissertation Chair for CHENG-CHIEH LAI, PVAMU/Th...William Kritsonis
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1. The document discusses approaches to teaching English as an international language in Taiwan, including a focus on English for academic purposes, content and language integrated learning, and English as a lingua franca.
2. It notes the Taiwanese government's efforts to improve English education but reports disappointing results, with many students still unable to communicate verbally in English.
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The document discusses open educational mobile application development and implementation for teaching English courses. It notes that technology can help achieve educational goals and create low-anxiety learning environments. Mobile devices are widely available and can be an alternative to computers for language learning through mobile assisted language learning (MALL) apps. A survey found that many English teachers already use mobile internet and resources for teaching, and have confidence in mobile learning's future role in language education, though more appropriate content is needed.
This document analyzes various online resources and platforms that an English teacher can use to develop language skills. It discusses SWAYAM, an Indian government program that provides online courses free of cost. It also examines OneStopEnglish.com, a site by Macmillan Education containing over 8,000 lesson plans, worksheets, audio/video for different student levels and abilities. Additionally, it outlines the features of OneStopEnglish like its professional layout, secure payment options, and ease of finding standalone materials requiring no preparation.
This document discusses how learning management systems (LMS) can help link electronic learning materials directly to curricula. LMS are software that administer, track, and deliver educational courses online. They provide a digital space for documentation, tracking, and online delivery of materials. Examples include Google Classroom, Blackboard, and Moodle. While e-learning has advantages like expanded access and lower costs, it also has disadvantages like lack of interaction and feelings of isolation. Blended learning, which combines online and face-to-face learning, is presented as an alternative that can address some of e-learning's limitations.
Learning English “enjoyment or need” for the Students in Omaninventionjournals
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This document discusses online learning versus face-to-face classroom learning, specifically for learning English. It provides background definitions of online learning terminology like asynchronous, synchronous, and blended learning. It also shares statistics on the growing number of online learners and course providers globally. The document aims to analyze whether online learning is less effective than classroom learning and presents issues to consider when choosing between the two options.
This document summarizes a research study that examined students' perceptions of integrating online activities into an English for Specific Purposes language course. A questionnaire was administered to 75 law and law/management students to gather data on their attitudes. Statistical analysis found no significant relationship between positive responses from the two student groups, but did find a significant relationship between their negative responses. Within groups, responses varied more by individual than by area of study. The study concludes that online learning elicits some resistance likely due to personal preferences rather than field of study.
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In this modern era of information and technology, CALL is widely regarded as a technique for language teaching and learning. When it comes to learning languages, computers are increasingly being used to aid in the teaching and learning process, particularly for English language teaching ELT . This is known as computer assisted language learning. Using CALL can be more productive in language teaching and learning. When it comes to teaching and learning, ICT is commonly regarded as a tool, but there are still a number of problems with effectively using CALL. Nevertheless, a certain level of sensitivity and knowledge of how the program might be utilised effectively is required for its incorporation into language training via CALL. The goal of this research is to examine the impact of computer assisted language learning in the context of English language teaching and learning, specifically the types of activities that are more likely to be successful. There is an outline of how computers have evolved in the classroom. Discussing the benefits and drawbacks of using CALL in the classroom will be done. Moving forward, this paper will cover a variety of computer based learning activities for English language training with a focus on CALL, the future of CALL, and how it might be further developed in the context of todays rapidly expanding technological landscape. This article will also discuss the complexity of CALL and its adaptive approach with respect to individuals understanding, as well as the contribution of CALL and its success in teaching English and aiding language learning. Amir "Using Computer Assisted Language Learning for English Language Teaching: An Adaptive Approach with its Current Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49398.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/english/49398/using-computer-assisted-language-learning-for-english-language-teaching-an-adaptive-approach-with-its-current-development/amir
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Opening Comments, ALT policy board, 29th April 2013Martin Oliver
1. The document discusses the past, present, and future of technology in education, noting that while technology has long been predicted to transform education, its impact has been slow.
2. Currently, MOOCs and online education are proliferating but face challenges around student retention and completion rates.
3. Looking ahead, issues include whether prestigious universities' MOOCs will displace lower-prestige institutions, competition from global providers, and ensuring education remains accessible to all.
This document discusses a research study on the effect of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) on students' motivation and attitude in learning English. The study aims to see if using English software and CD-ROMs in teaching can increase students' motivation and lead to a better attitude towards learning English. Previous research has shown motivation and attitude influence learning success but few studies have looked at both factors together using CALL. The researcher hopes to contribute new understanding in this area by examining junior high school students in Parepare, Indonesia.
Improving the Productive Skills of the Students through Selected Teaching Str...ijtsrd
This paper focuses on the ways to highlight the needs for developing the productive skills of the fresh students, at the University of Computer Studies Pakokku , Myanmar. This paper explores the strategies to enable the learners to communicate among themselves in their daily life. It also includes an eclectic approach to the current methodologies and the implementation of teaching writing and speaking strategies. Then needs analysis is used in order to investigate the actual needs of the students. To achieve successful learning in class, suggested activities are also provided. As writing and speaking have many features in common, by deliberately controlling a number of variables, language teachers can make writing closer to speaking and improve students' speaking skill through writing activities and vice visa. This paper recommends the procedures and strategies as well as communicative activities to be of great help for developing the students' productive skills. Khin Hnin Si | Pwint Oo Khin "Improving the Productive Skills of the Students through Selected Teaching Strategies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27956.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/literature/27956/improving-the-productive-skills-of-the-students-through-selected-teaching-strategies/khin-hnin-si
The Advantages ofUsilng Technology inSecond Lanlguage E.docxmehek4
The Advantages of
Usilng Technology 'in
Second Lanlguage Educat'ion
Techwnology lntegrat'lon 'in Foreilgn ILanguage
to a Cownstructmovist Learn'lng Approach
BY Li WANG
UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
38 T.H.E. Journal I www.thejournal.com I May 2005
ith the advent of networked comrputers and lnte:rnet technology,
computer-based instruction has been widely used in language class-
rooms throughout the United States. Computer technologies have
dramatically changed the way people gather information, conduct research
and communicate with others worldwide. Considering the tremendous startupyV
expenses, copyright issues, objectionable materials and other potential dis-
advantages of technology, much research has been conducted regarding: the
effectiveness of, and better strategies for, technology integration.Taking the
characteristics of language learning into account, 'this article helps answer two
important questions: Do we need technology in language classrooms? And
what kinds of services do comp:uter technologies provide for :these classroomrs?
Background Studies
Web-based writing instruction has proved to be an impor-
tant factor in enhancing the writing quality of low-ability
English as a foreign language (EFL) students. In a study
designed to examine the effectiveness of Web-based instruction
in the writing of freshman EFL students, Al-Jarf (2004) found
that the use of Web-based lessons as a supplement to tradi-
tional in-class writing instruction was significantly more effec-
tive than teaching which depended on the textbook alone. The
experimental group of students received online instruction in
which they posted their own threads, short paragraphs, stories
and poems on a discussion board. They also located informa-
tion from the Internet, as well as wrote paragraphs and checked
their own spelling using Microsoft Word.
In another study, Hertel (2003) describes an intercultural
e-mail exchange at the college level where U.S. students in a
beginning Spanish class and Mexican students in an interme-
diate English as a Second Language class corresponded weekly
for one semester. Survey results revealed this student-cen-
tered endeavor had the potential to
change cultural attitudes, increase _
knowledge and awareness of other The best
cultures, foster language acquisition, al anguag
as well as boost student interest and active, aur
motivation in language and cultural ronmenti
studies.
Bernhardt, Rivera and Kamil technoloe
conducted a study in 2004 to exam- interet
ine the practicality and efficiency ful tools 1
of Web-based placement testing for these apj
college-level language programs.
Qualitative analysis of the data indi- langiJag
cated that students, administrators
:wi
re
ith
' 1
and instructors benefited from the online placement tests. For
students, accessing a placement test at their convenience with-
out making an extra summer trip to campus was seen as an
incredible time-saver. At the same time, havin ...
Social Networking for Language Learners: Creating Meaningful Output with Web ...wanzahirah
The document discusses how social networking tools can provide opportunities for meaningful language practice and output for learners. It describes how Web 2.0 tools like YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook allow learners to interact authentically and generate content in the target language. Challenges for learners in traditional language classes like lack of opportunities for practice can be addressed through social media where learners can record videos, post updates, and communicate virtually to improve their skills. Teachers can support learners by having them practice content before sharing online and setting guidelines for appropriate social media use.
The document discusses technologies that can empower teachers in the classroom. It argues that schools should use technologies that support teachers' instructional goals rather than distracting from teaching. Successful technologies enable teachers to accomplish more with fewer resources. Examples mentioned include communication platforms, mobile apps that grade work and provide lesson plans. For technologies to be effective, schools must maintain and support programs, provide access to resources, and offer training and incentives for teachers to participate. The document also outlines standards for effective use of technology in education.
Similar to A Survey On College Students Attitudes Toward English E-Tutoring Websites (20)
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Essay Websites Sample Parent Essays For Private HiAmy Cernava
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Writing Creative Essays - College Homework Help AAmy Cernava
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Rehabilitation psychology focuses on applying psychological knowledge and skills to help individuals with disabilities or chronic health conditions. The purpose of rehabilitation psychologists is to maximize outcomes related to health, independence, daily functioning and social participation, while also minimizing secondary health issues. Rehabilitation psychology aims to study and assist those with disabilities in order to improve their quality of life.
Diversity Essay Sample Graduate School Which CaAmy Cernava
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Large Notepad - Heart Border Writing Paper PrintAmy Cernava
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The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, submitting a request form with paper details and deadline, and reviewing writer bids before selecting one and placing a deposit to start the assignment. It notes the platform uses a bidding system and guarantees original, high-quality work or a full refund, as well as free revisions to ensure customer satisfaction.
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The document discusses the process for requesting assistance with an assignment from the website HelpWriting.net. It involves 5 steps: 1) Creating an account, 2) Completing an order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline, 3) Reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, 4) Reviewing the completed paper and authorizing payment, 5) Requesting revisions if needed, with the guarantee of a refund for plagiarized work. The purpose is to outline the simple process for students to receive help in writing assignments.
Types Of Essay And Examples. 4 Major Types OAmy Cernava
The document provides a 5-step process for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It involves creating an account, completing an order form with instructions and deadline, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, making a deposit to start the work, and authorizing final payment upon approval of the completed work. Revisions are allowed and a refund is guaranteed if plagiarism is found.
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
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land.
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to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
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structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A Survey On College Students Attitudes Toward English E-Tutoring Websites
1. 539
Educational Innovations and Applications- Tijus, Meen, Chang
ISBN: 978-981-14-2064-1
A survey on college students’ attitudes toward English e-tutoring websites
1
Paul Juinn Bing Tan, 2
Yao Hui-mei, 3
Chia-Hung Max Lin, 4
Ming-Hung Hsu
National Penghu University of Science and Technology
No.300, Liuhe Rd., Magong City, Penghu County 880, Taiwan
Magong, Penghu, Taiwan
1
pashatan@yahoo.com.tw; tanjuinnbing@gmail.com, 2
jessyhm@gms.npu.edu.tw, 3
chmaxlin@gmail.com, 4
hsu@gms.npu.edu.tw
Abstract
Using the TAM Model to investigate college students'
attitudes toward English e-tutoring websites has rarely been
conducted from an information technology and global e-digital
market perspective. The present study re-examined the
utilization of self-paced e-learning websites for business
English based on the assessments of university students. The
findings were as follows: 1. Most users of English e-tutoring
services believe that the use of such services in learning English
provides greater value and convenience than non-online
alternatives. This belief can assist the web designers of such
websites in the maintenance and enhancement of users’ loyalty
to the sites if the web designers take care to ensure the quality
of the sites’ e-content. 2. Site designers should also endeavor to
ensure that students’ requirements regarding functions relating
to knowledge management and website interactions are met
such that the students can operate the sites with greater ease as
they engage in the learning process. 3. To provide a better
understanding of the interface design quality.
Key words: computer assisted language learning (CALL),
TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication),
TAM (Technology Acceptance Model), CBA (computer based
assessment)
Introduction
According to the British Council report, it is estimated that
30 million people will speak English in 2015 worldwide. The
new growth markets for English are largely the developing
world. China and India show an enormous need for English
learning; English has become an important part of school
curriculums, and certain countries use English as their first and
official language. English is spoken by at least one-quarter of
the world’s population and has become a vital means of
improving an individual’s prospects for well-paid employment
( Williams 2013). There are many types of English proficiency
tests: GEPT, TOEFL, IELTS, and TOEIC. Multinational
companies now communicate in English.
TOEIC is biased towards business; therefore, it has been
well-received by the business community. The TOEIC test is
often a major requirement for the selection of personnel.
TOEIC can be divided into many types of learning styles, such
as: an achievement test, placement test and proficiency test.
As a matter of fact, the teaching and learning activities of
English programs still emphasize a test-oriented approach in
China (Lin Pan& David Block 2011) and in other Asian
communities (Kuba, 2002).
Computer-Based Testing
Computer-based testing, with or without CAT technology,
offers these advantages:
Classroom-based testing
On all aspects of self-directed language tests
High-risk practices for upcoming standardized tests
The demands of English Language Teaching (ELT) or
English Language e-learning for English Language Learners
(ELL) in the U.S. are substantially different from learners of
English in international settings. Consequently, instructional
and tutoring e-programs and e–digital products for each vary
substantially. The report indicated that the worldwide market
for English Language Learning (ELL) is among the
fastest-growing and largest of all the sectors in education
(2012-2017), as shown as table 1.
Motivations of research
Of the all the languages of the world, English is the one that
has come to be used most widely, such that it functions as
something like a global common language. Moreover, TOEIC
has become a standard for recruiting employees in many
companies in Asia.
The goals of the present study were as follows:
To achieve a better quality of e-content for digital
engineering.
To provide a better understanding of the interface design.
Research questions
1. Does using the internet have a positive impact when
studying for the TOEIC?
2. Does using the internet to practice for the TOEIC improve
student’s TOEIC score?
More and more people worldwide are making efforts to
learn English. In certain parts of Asia, for example, learners
have a general preference for conventional ‘classroom-based
learning’ provided at the campus of a UK partner or other
overseas partner, with said preference commonly being
motivated by the perceptions and expectations of local
employers. Relatedly, it has been observed that distance
learning involving increased levels of blended learning, in
which students are given the opportunity to gain experience in
local facilities, is increasingly being utilized in order to adapt to
the challenges posed by this preference among learners.
• It has been estimated by the British Council that one
out of every four people worldwide speaks English
with some degree of competence.
https://doi.org/10.35745/ecei2019v2.137
2. 540
Educational Innovations and Applications- Tijus, Meen, Chang
ISBN: 978-981-14-2064-1
• Already, the country with the largest number of
English speakers may be China.
( http://voiceboxer.com/english-in-china/)
It is estimate that over 300 million people in China learn to
speak English. This large population of English learners in
China is at least as large as the entire native-speaking
population of the U.S.A.
• E-tutoring networks are a normal and growing
phenomenon in the global market.
The Global ELL market—services, fees, tests, and
products/content—is and will remain a large market.
Trends for Growth
• A working knowledge of English improves job
prospects globally, and parents, schools, students, and
employers understand this.
• Global middle-class growth and wealthier, more
ambitious parents are leading to the expansion of
private providers of English, particularly in Brazil,
China, Turkey, and India.
• Online opportunities for learning English
internationally have not yet achieved significant
traction but will do so, particularly at the
postsecondary/adult level.
• ELLs in the U.S. are currently 11% of the total
PreK-12 enrollment. By 2015, ELL enrollment will
achieve 10 million people, representing 19% of all
students. By 2025, one in four students nationwide
will be an ELL, as shown in table 2.
Literature review
A study by Tan (2013), which examined teaching and
learning, stated that they essentially constitute two sides of the
same coin. Moreover, an investigation of the degree to which
e-learning is accepted by university students indicated that
various models, including the recently proposed E-learning
model, should be used (Tan, 2017).
It is critical to use the E-learning Acceptance Measure
(ElAM) for the collection of data regarding the reactions that
students have to the teaching of lessons through e-testing or
e-learning. A clear picture of the degree to which students
accept e-learning can, in turn, enhance how well we understand
students’ behaviors when using computers. Relatedly, teachers
can be guided by such information when making decisions
about how to allocate resources, as well as what teaching
strategies and instructional designs to utilize. In short,
knowledge of this type has important implications for all those
with a stake in educational efforts (Teo, 2010). The study by
Teo presented evidence regarding the ElAM’s factorial
structure, and so educational researchers may find the study to
be illuminating.
TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication)
The Global Self-paced eLearning Market from 2013-2018
The Ambient Insight Premium Report’s “A global Digital
English Language Learning Market” proposed by Sam S.
Adkins (2014) showed that “The top buying countries
throughout the forecast period are China, the US, South Korea,
Japan, and Brazil. In 2013, China barely edged out the United
States to become the top digital English language learning
buying country in the world.” We cannot ignore the largest
buyers in the Worldwide Self-paced eLearning Market in the
Asian regions. These top ten buyers are shown in table 3 below
for 2013-2018:
TOEIC growth in Taiwan
In Taiwan, the TOEIC test began to be administered in
2002; however, it was not very popular at that time.
Additionally, in 2005, many people began taking the TOEIC
test for many different reasons. In 2017, the ETS test of TOEIC
(2016) showed that 393,410 people took the TOEIC test. (table.
4)
According to research on individual’s motivations for
taking the TOEIC test in junior high school and at university,
there are 70% of junior high students who feel that the TOEIC
will help them apply to better universities, and 92% feel that the
TOEIC test will help them find the job they want
(http://www.toeic.com.tw).
Theoretical background-TAM Model
The TAM (technology acceptance model), which was designed
by Davis (1986), was based on the TRA (theory of reasoned
Action) and TPB (theory of planned behavior) models. TAM
provides a means to explore how e-learning methods relate to
user’s beliefs、attitudes and intentions and has implications for
research regarding e-users’ behaviors. According to Hong et al.
(2006), the TAM constitutes the most generic and simplest
model that researchers can use to investigate both the initial and
continued acceptance of IT (information technology).
Method of Research
Participants
We collected data by using questionnaires and a literature
review. Specifically, we developed a questionnaire that was
used to measure the perceptions of Taiwanese college students.
A total of 400 of the questionnaires were distributed to students,
and all 400 were subsequently returned. Of these, 397 were
found to be valid, for an effective return rate of 99.25%.
All of the individuals who participated in the study were
Taiwanese college students. The primary objective of the study
was to gather data from these students about their usage
intentions with respect to TOEIC E-tutoring websites. As noted
above, said data was gathered through a questionnaire survey.
It should be noted, meanwhile, that the majority of the survey
respondents were female.
Instruments (TAM model. SPSS)
We used the TAM model to evaluate our questionnaire
results to explore how using the Internet to learn the TOEIC
will affect learners. After collecting the questionnaires, we used
SPSS to analyze the responses and the basic TAM model to
explore their relations. The questions used in the survey were
3. 541
Educational Innovations and Applications- Tijus, Meen, Chang
ISBN: 978-981-14-2064-1
adopted from those used in a study by Venkatesh et al. (2003).
In addition to collecting demographic information, the survey
used a 5-point Likert scale (with 1=strongly disagree and
5=strongly agree) to gather data about the overt variables of the
five constructs in the model.
Reliability
In our research, Cronbach’s α= .914 ≧.7. Scores above
0.75 are reliable; therefore, the score indicates that our research
is reliable.
Result
We utilized the Statistical Package for Social Science
(SPSS) to assess the data collected in this study. The composite
reliability values had a range from 0.514 to 0.914, which
exceeds the threshold value of 0.70 that is commonly
recommended. The results regarding reliability are provided in
Table 5.
Discussion
We researched the literature, collected original data, and
verified the application of a well-accepted model of technology
use. Previous literature suggested that E-learning benefits
students, and this study evaluated students’ sense of those
benefits. The literature also generally supported the relevance
of the TAM model for this type of reassurance.
Three-hundred-ninety-seven subjects replied to questionnaires
with 19 questions. We used SPSS to calculate the TAM
coefficients, which were all statistically significant.
The findings are as follows:
1. The analysis results indicated that perceived usefulness
(PU) positively affects the behavioral intention to use (BIU).
2. Perceived usefulness (PU) also positively affects attitude
(ATU).
3. Perceived ease of use (PE) positively affects perceived
usefulness (PU).
4. Perceived ease of use (PE) positively affects attitude (ATU).
5. Attitude toward using (ATU) positively affects the
behavioral intention to use (BIU).
6. Using the internet to learn improves the learning motivation
regardless of the location of participants.
7. Because the Internet is now considered to be incredibly easy
to use; people are very likely to use it to study for the TOEIC
test.
8. It is feasible to use the Internet to learn and practice the
TOEIC test. E-TOEIC test. E-TOEIC test learners feel that it
is convenient for them because they can learn about the
TOEIC test whenever they want.
We used the TAM model to hypothesize relations between
factors. The results of multiple regression analysis showed
significant positive relations between the TAM model’s
various factors. These results led us to infer that the Internet is
useful and that it enhances E-TOEIC test learner’s resources.
Recommendations for future research
Future studies should focus on:
Collecting data from different countries and other markets
to increase the external validity.
Using the Delone and Mclean's model to re-examine the
quality of web-designed applications (Delone & Mclean,
2003).
References
[1] Andrew Williams Jr.(2013). International Education Global
Growth and Prosperity An Accompanying Analytical Narrative
United Kingdom Government
[2] Retrieved from:
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attach
ment_data/file/340601/bis-13-1082-international-education-acc
ompanying-analytical-narrative-revised.pdf
[3] Hong, S., Thong, J. Y., & Tam, K. Y. (2006). Understanding
continued information technology usage behavior: a comparison
of three models in the context of mobile internet. Decision
Support Systems, 42(3), 1819-1834.
[4] Kuba, Akiko. ( 2002 ). Strategies-based instruction in Japanese
bigb schools. Unpublished master’s thesis, Department of
English, San Francisco State University.
[5] Lin Pan& David Block (2011). English as a “global language” in
China: An investigation into learners’ and teachers’ language
beliefs System ,39(2011)391-402
[6] Paul Juinn Bing Tan (2013). Students’ Adoptions and Attitudes
towards Electronic Placement Tests: A UTAUT Analysis.
American Journal of Computer Technology and Application Vol.
1, No. 1, February 2013, PP: 14 – 24,
[7] P. J. B. Tan and M. H. Hsu, "Developing a system for English
evaluation and teaching devices," 2017 International Conference
on Applied System Innovation (ICASI), Sapporo, 2017, pp.
938-941. doi: 10.1109/ICASI.2017.7988596
[8] Sam S. Adkins (2014). The 2013-2018 Worldwide Digital
English Language Learning Market. retrieved from:
http://www.ambientinsight.com/Resources/Documents/Ambient
Insight-2011-2016-Worldwide-Digital-English-Language-Lear
ning-Market-Overview.pdf
[9] T, Teo., Development and validation of the E- learning
Acceptance Measure (ElAM), Internet and Higher Education
(2010), doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.02.001
[10] Test of English for international Communication (2017)
http://www.toeic.com.tw
[11] Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D.
(2003). User acceptance of information technology: Toward a
unified view. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425-478.
[12] Website: The global English language E- learning market.
Retrieved
from:http://www.ednetinsight.com/news-alerts/voice-from-the-i
ndustry/the-global-english-language-learning--ell--market.html
[13] WHAT ABOUT ENGLISH IN CHINA? retrieved from:
http://voiceboxer.com/english-in-china/
Table 1.
Global Market
Segment
2012 Market
Value
US$ (In
Billions)
Forecast
CAGR
2012-2017
2017 Forecast
Market Size
US$ (In Billions)
Global English
Language Learning $63.30 25% $193.20
Higher Ed eLearning $48.80 25% $149.00
K-12 eLearning $16.60 33% $69.00
Educational Gaming $2.00 30% $7.40
Social &Virtual
Learning/Communities $1.00 40% $5.60
Sources:http://www.ednetinsight.com/news-alerts/voice-from-the-indu
stry/the-global-english-language-learning--ell--market.html
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ISBN: 978-981-14-2064-1
year Population
2002 19, 263
2006 95, 211
2007 141, 740
2008 164, 213
2009 162, 968
2010 197, 463
2011 237, 322
2012 246,004
2013 298,150
2014 343,979
2015 376706
2016 393410
table. 4. The TOEIC growth in Taiwan 2017
Source:Test of English for international
Communication
Table. 3. Top Fifteen Digital English Language
Learning Buying Countries for 2013 and
2018: A global Digital English Language
Learning Market
2013 2018
1 China China
2. The United States The United States
3. South Korea South Korea
4. Japan Brazil
5. Brazil Japan
6. India The Russian
Federation
7. Taiwan Turkey
8. The Russian Federation India
9. Spain Indonesia
10. Turkey Taiwan
11. Canada Poland
12. France Canada
13. Germany Spain
14. Sweden Mexico
15. Mexico Malaysia
Source:
Table. 5 Reliability Statistics
Construct Numb
er of
item
Mean Standard
Deviation
Cronbach's
alpha
PEOU 4 13.02 2.82 .844
PU 4 13.49 2.73 .843
ATU 2 6.97 1.41 .514
BIU 5 17.49 3.15 .839
VLC 4 10.95 3.24 .887
Total 19 61.93 10.22 .914
Table 2. U.S. ELL vs. International ELL: Market Segments
U.S. ELL International ELL
PreK-5: Public school market. Sixty percent of
ELLs at PreK-5. Eighty-five percent of ELLs
born in the U.S. start school at K-1.
Institutional: PreK-12, tertiary; state and privately
funded. Easily the largest and most accessible
segment.
Secondary: Long-term ELLs; high
failure/dropout rate, particularly Hispanics.
Supplementary/Tutoring: Private lessons/tutoring
a growing global phenomenon; small groups,
tutoring/cram schools; organized online options,
such as sites offering online tutoring for public
tests (e.g., TOEFL, TOEIC tests).
Adults: Community colleges, adult schools,
vocational and technical schools. Growing need
for immigrants to learn English; severe shortage
of adult ESL programs.
Consumer/B2C: Potential for online and blended
programs. Limited to date by lack of access and
competition from other options.
Sources: