ABSTRACT
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills. Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their qualifications.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
Clustering Students of Computer in Terms of Level of ProgrammingEditor IJCATR
Educational data mining (EDM) is one of the applications of data mining. In educational data mining, there are two key domains, i.e. student domain and faculty domain. Different type of research work has been done in both domains.
In existing system the faculty performance has calculated on the basis of two parameters i.e. Student feedback and the result of student in that subject. In existing system we define two approaches one is multiple classifier approach and the other is a single classifier approach and comparing them, for relative evaluation of faculty performance using data mining
Techniques. In multiple classifier approach K-nearest neighbor (KNN) is used in first step and Rule based classification is used in the second step of classification while in single classifier approach only KNN is used in both steps of classification.
But in proposed system, I will analyse the faculty performance using 4 parameters i.e., student complaint about faculty, Student review feedback for faculty, students feedback, and students result etc.
For this proposed system I will be going to use opinion mining technique for analyzing performance of faculty and calculating score of each faculty.
PREDICTING ACADEMIC MAJOR OF STUDENTS USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS TO THE CASE OF ...ijcax
In this study, which took place current year in the city of Maragheh in IRAN. Number of high school students in the fields of study: mathematics, Experimental Sciences, humanities, vocational, business and science were studied and compared. The purpose of this research is to predict the academic major of high school students using Bayesian networks. The effective factors have been used in academic major selection for the first time as an effective indicator of Bayesian networks. Evaluation of Impacts of indicators on each other, discretization data and processing them was performed by GeNIe. The proper course would be advised for students to continue their education.
Data Mining Application in Advertisement Management of Higher Educational Ins...ijcax
In recent years, Indian higher educational institute’s competition grows rapidly for attracting students to get enrollment in their institutes. To attract students educational institutes select a best advertisement method. There are different advertisements available in the market but a selection of them is very difficult
for institutes. This paper is helpful for institutes to select a best advertisement medium using some data mining methods.
Topic: Critical review of an ERP post-implementation Article (Grade Mark: Distinction of 79%)
Module: Research Principles and Practices
Sheffield Hallam University
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CIS 500 Week 2 Assignment 1 The New Frontier Data Analytics
CIS 500 Week 4 Assignment 2 Harnessing Information Management, the Data, and Infrastructure
CIS 500 Week 6 Case Study 1 Cyber Security in Business Organizations
CIS 500 Week 8 Case Study 2 Wireless and Mobile Technologies
Competitiveness of Top 100 U.S. Universities: A Benchmark Study Using Data En...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/benchmark-study-using-data-envelopment-analysis/
This study presents a comprehensive benchmarking study of the top 100 U.S. Universities. The methodologies used to come up with insights into the domain are Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and information visualization. Various approaches to evaluating academic institutions have appeared in the literature, including a DEA literature dealing with the ranking of universities. Our study contributes to this literature by the extensive incorporation of information visualization and subsequently the discovery of new insights.
New Fuzzy Model For quality evaluation of e-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
The quality of e-learning is a very important issue, especially when production technologies are concerned. This paper introduces a new fuzzy model for e-learning quality evaluation. All uncertainties and consequent imprecision are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. The quality of CNC e-learning process is determined by using the fuzzy logic IF-THEN rules. The proposed method derives an aggregated satisfaction value both for the participants as well as the trainers.The authors introduce a genuine metric interval for the objective evaluation of E-learning effect. The OLS regression model estimates the magnitude and polarity of Elearning effect on participants` perception of the training quality. The predicted coefficient of E-learning effect on the overall quality of CNC training is estimated to be14.88 measurement points with a negative impact on overall satisfaction. These novel findings shed a new light on the quantitative effect of E-learning on CNC machine training and contribute to the contemporary scientific literature within the research area.The developed model is illustrated by real-life data from secondary technological schools from central Serbia
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
Clustering Students of Computer in Terms of Level of ProgrammingEditor IJCATR
Educational data mining (EDM) is one of the applications of data mining. In educational data mining, there are two key domains, i.e. student domain and faculty domain. Different type of research work has been done in both domains.
In existing system the faculty performance has calculated on the basis of two parameters i.e. Student feedback and the result of student in that subject. In existing system we define two approaches one is multiple classifier approach and the other is a single classifier approach and comparing them, for relative evaluation of faculty performance using data mining
Techniques. In multiple classifier approach K-nearest neighbor (KNN) is used in first step and Rule based classification is used in the second step of classification while in single classifier approach only KNN is used in both steps of classification.
But in proposed system, I will analyse the faculty performance using 4 parameters i.e., student complaint about faculty, Student review feedback for faculty, students feedback, and students result etc.
For this proposed system I will be going to use opinion mining technique for analyzing performance of faculty and calculating score of each faculty.
PREDICTING ACADEMIC MAJOR OF STUDENTS USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS TO THE CASE OF ...ijcax
In this study, which took place current year in the city of Maragheh in IRAN. Number of high school students in the fields of study: mathematics, Experimental Sciences, humanities, vocational, business and science were studied and compared. The purpose of this research is to predict the academic major of high school students using Bayesian networks. The effective factors have been used in academic major selection for the first time as an effective indicator of Bayesian networks. Evaluation of Impacts of indicators on each other, discretization data and processing them was performed by GeNIe. The proper course would be advised for students to continue their education.
Data Mining Application in Advertisement Management of Higher Educational Ins...ijcax
In recent years, Indian higher educational institute’s competition grows rapidly for attracting students to get enrollment in their institutes. To attract students educational institutes select a best advertisement method. There are different advertisements available in the market but a selection of them is very difficult
for institutes. This paper is helpful for institutes to select a best advertisement medium using some data mining methods.
Topic: Critical review of an ERP post-implementation Article (Grade Mark: Distinction of 79%)
Module: Research Principles and Practices
Sheffield Hallam University
For more classes visit
www.snaptutorial.com
CIS 500 Week 2 Assignment 1 The New Frontier Data Analytics
CIS 500 Week 4 Assignment 2 Harnessing Information Management, the Data, and Infrastructure
CIS 500 Week 6 Case Study 1 Cyber Security in Business Organizations
CIS 500 Week 8 Case Study 2 Wireless and Mobile Technologies
Competitiveness of Top 100 U.S. Universities: A Benchmark Study Using Data En...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/benchmark-study-using-data-envelopment-analysis/
This study presents a comprehensive benchmarking study of the top 100 U.S. Universities. The methodologies used to come up with insights into the domain are Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and information visualization. Various approaches to evaluating academic institutions have appeared in the literature, including a DEA literature dealing with the ranking of universities. Our study contributes to this literature by the extensive incorporation of information visualization and subsequently the discovery of new insights.
New Fuzzy Model For quality evaluation of e-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
The quality of e-learning is a very important issue, especially when production technologies are concerned. This paper introduces a new fuzzy model for e-learning quality evaluation. All uncertainties and consequent imprecision are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. The quality of CNC e-learning process is determined by using the fuzzy logic IF-THEN rules. The proposed method derives an aggregated satisfaction value both for the participants as well as the trainers.The authors introduce a genuine metric interval for the objective evaluation of E-learning effect. The OLS regression model estimates the magnitude and polarity of Elearning effect on participants` perception of the training quality. The predicted coefficient of E-learning effect on the overall quality of CNC training is estimated to be14.88 measurement points with a negative impact on overall satisfaction. These novel findings shed a new light on the quantitative effect of E-learning on CNC machine training and contribute to the contemporary scientific literature within the research area.The developed model is illustrated by real-life data from secondary technological schools from central Serbia
Rule-based expert systems for supporting university studentsertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/rule-based-expert-systems-for-supporting-university-students/
There are more than 15 million college students in the US alone. Academic advising for courses and scholarships is typically performed by human advisors, bringing an immense managerial workload to faculty members, as well as other staff at universities. This paper reports and discusses the development of two educational expert systems at a private international university. The first expert system is a course advising system which recommends courses to undergraduate students. The second system suggests scholarships to undergraduate students based on their eligibility. While there have been reported systems for course advising, the literature does not seem to contain any references to expert systems for scholarship recommendation and eligibility checking. Therefore the scholarship recommender that we developed is first of its kind. Both systems have been implemented and tested using Oracle Policy Automation (OPA) software.
EFFICIENCY OF DECISION TREES IN PREDICTING STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE cscpconf
Educational data mining is used to study the data available in the educational field and bring
out the hidden knowledge from it. Classification methods like decision trees, rule mining,
Bayesian network etc can be applied on the educational data for predicting the students
behavior, performance in examination etc. This prediction will help the tutors to identify the
weak students and help them to score better marks. The C4.5 decision tree algorithm is applied
on student’s internal assessment data to predict their performance in the final exam. The
outcome of the decision tree predicted the number of students who are likely to fail or pass. The
result is given to the tutor and steps were taken to improve the performance of the students who
were predicted to fail. After the declaration of the results in the final examination the marks
obtained by the students are fed into the system and the results were analyzed. The comparative
analysis of the results states that the prediction has helped the weaker students to improve and
brought out betterment in the result. To analyse the accuracy of the algorithm, it is compared
with ID3 algorithm and found to be more efficient in terms of the accurately predicting the
outcome of the student and time taken to derive the tree.
Data Mining Techniques for School Failure and Dropout SystemKumar Goud
Abstract: Data mining techniques are applied to predict college failure and bum of the student. This is method uses real data on middle-school students for prediction of failure and drop out. It implements white-box classification strategies, like induction rules and decision trees or call trees. Call tree could be a call support tool that uses tree-like graph or a model of call and their possible consequences. A call tree is a flowchart-like structure in which internal node represents a "test" on an attribute. Attribute is the real information of students that is collected from college in middle or pedagogy, each branch represents the outcome of the test and each leaf node represents a class label. The paths from root to leaf represent classification rules and it consists of three kinds of nodes which incorporates call node, likelihood node and finish node. It is specifically used in call analysis. Using this technique to boost their correctness for predicting which students might fail or dropout (idler) by first, using all the accessible attributes next, choosing the most effective attributes. Attribute choice is done by using WEKA tool.
Keywords: dataset, classification, clustering.
Framework for opinion as a service on review data of customer using semantics...IJECEIAES
At opinion mining plays a significant role in representing the original and unbiased perception of the products/services. However, there are various challenges associated with performing an effective opinion mining in the present era of distributed computing system with dynamic behaviour of users. Existing approaches is more laborious towards extracting knowledge from the reviews of user which is further subjected to various rounds of operation with complex procedures. The proposed system addresses the problem by introducing a novel framework called as opinion-as-a-service which is meant for direct utilization of the extracted knowledge in most user friendly manner. The proposed system introduces a set of three sequential algorithm that performs aggregated of incoming stream of opinion data, performing indexing, followed by applying semantics for extracting knowledge. The study outcome shows that proposed system is better than existing system in mining performance.
Artificial intelligence involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc.). Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and techniques have useful purposes in every domain of mental health care including clinical decision-making, treatments, assessment, self-care, mental health care management and more. This application involves an AI based fuzzy expert system which helps the students to give a basic idea or insight of possible career opportunities, to enable them to move forward towards the path most suitable for them in all respects. This project will give a personal aid to the students taking into consideration, the student’s interest and aptitude test result. The fuzzy expert in our project will choose accurate careers for the user accordingly.
The focus of this study is to seek the relevance of investing in Information Technology (IT) by the students. The research takes into account 50 students studying at different disciplines at Dhaka University. The respondents were visited randomly to get the relevant data. The result of the study suggests that students’ academic quality and knowledge enhancement have a relationship with investment in IT though the relationship is not significant. The result of hypothesis testing shows that students those have invested in personal computer and internet secure comparatively higher cumulative grade point average (CGPA) rather than those who haven’t invested on these IT tools. But the likelihood of investing higher amount in IT will pay-off better CGPA is not found thus there is no association of good result and investing heavily on IT. However, the findings of this exploratory study offer insights that the money invested in IT for academic purpose is more advantageous than otherwise be invested especially for those students whose academic curriculum mainly decorated in accordance with the modern up-to-date era of Information Technology. Eventually, this study will help concerned students, guardians and academicians understanding how important IT is for student’s academic performance.
New Fuzzy Model for quality evaluation of E-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
The quality of e-learning is a very important issue, especially when production technologies are concerned. This paper introduces a new fuzzy model for e-learning quality evaluation. All uncertainties and consequent imprecision are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. The quality of CNC e-learning process is determined by using the fuzzy logic IF-THEN rules. The proposed method derives an aggregated satisfaction value both for the participants as well as the trainers.The authors introduce a genuine metric interval for the objective evaluation of E-learning effect. The OLS regression model estimates the magnitude and polarity of Elearning effect on participants` perception of the training quality. The predicted coefficient of E-learning effect on the overall quality of CNC training is estimated to be14.88 measurement points with a negative impact on overall satisfaction. These novel findings shed a new light on the quantitative effect of E-learning on CNC machine training and contribute to the contemporary scientific literature within the research area.The developed model is illustrated by real-life data from secondary technological schools from central Serbia.
Industrial Benchmarking through Information Visualization and Data Envelopmen...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/industrial-benchmarking-through-information-visualization-and-data-envelopment-analysis-a-new-framework/
We present a benchmarking study on the companies in the Turkish food industry based on their financial data. Our aim is to develop a comprehensive benchmarking framework using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and information visualization. Besides DEA, a traditional tool for financial benchmarking based on financial ratios is also incorporated. The consistency/inconsistency between the two methodologies is investigated using information visualization tools. In addition, k-means clustering, a fundamental method from machine learning, is applied to understand the relationship between k-means clustering and DEA.
LEAN THINKING IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWijseajournal
The field of Software Engineering has suffered considerable transformation in the last decades due to the influence of the philosophy of Lean Thinking. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify practices and approaches proposed by researchers in this area in the last 5 years, who have worked under the influence of this thinking. The search strategy brought together 549 studies, 80 of which were classified as
relevant for synthesis in this review. Seventeen tools of Lean Thinking adapted to Software Engineering were catalogued, as well as 35 practices created for the development of software that has been influenced by this philosophy. The study rovides a roadmap of results with the current state of the art and the identification of gaps pointing to opportunities for further esearch.
The Architecture of System for Predicting Student Performance based on the Da...Thada Jantakoon
The goals of this study are to develop the architecture of a system for predicting student performance based on data science approaches (SPPS-DSA Architecture) and evaluate the SPPS-DSA Architecture. The research process is divided into two stages: (1) context analysis and (2) development and assessment. The data is analyzed by means of standardized deviations statistically. The research findings suggested that the SPPS-DSA architecture, according to the research findings, consists of three key components: (i) data source, (ii) machine learning methods and attributes, and (iii) data science process. The SPPS-DSA architecture is rated as the highest appropriate overall. Predicting student performance helps educators and students improve their teaching and learning processes. Predicting student performance using various analytical methods is reviewed here. Most researchers used CGPA and internal assessment as data sets. In terms of prediction methods, classification is widely used in educational data science. Researchers most commonly used neural networks and decision trees to predict student performance under classification techniques.
Didactic analysis of the items proposed in the competition test of entry to t...journal ijrtem
ABSTRACT: The Regional Centers of Education and Training (CRMEF) in Morocco are responsible for recruiting and training candidates for the teaching of schools. Admission to the CRMEF is done first of all by a pre-selection on file. The selected candidates will then pass a written test in chemistry physics of duration of 4 hours. The written examination, in physics chemistry, written in the form of a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) is established by the examination center of the Minister of National Education, Morocco. It consists of two parts, one dealing with physics and the other with chemistry. Each part is made up of totally independent parts. It contains 57 items divided into 11 themes. The physical part comprises 31 items divided into 6 themes and the chemistry part includes 26 items divided into 5 themes. The analysis of items includes all the statistical processes whose purpose is to evaluate the quality of an examination and the items that compose it. The research work conducted here is not interested in the editorial aspects of the MCQ items. It focuses exclusively on the one hand to analyze the items of the written examination (MCQ) of the entrance examination to the CRMEF taking into account qualitative information via the statistical indicators of discrimination and difficulty and on the other hand to perceive If the structuring and the formulation of the MCQ items are decisive in the choice of good future teacher. To do this a detailed analysis of each item of the written exam (MCQ) was done.The results of this study show that among the 57 items in the written test (MCQ), there are 7% of the items to be revised and 10.5% to be rejected and consequently the proposed examination does not discriminate between applicants and did not allow an adequate choice of good future teacher.
Predicting Success : An Application of Data Mining Techniques to Student Outc...IJDKP
This project examines the effectiveness of applying machine learning techniques to the realm of college
student success, specifically with the intent of discovering and identifying those student characteristics and
factors that show the strongest predictive capability with regards to successful graduation. The student
data examined consists of first time freshmen and transfer students who matriculated at California State
University San Marcos in the period of Fall 2000 through Fall 2010 and who either graduated successfully
or discontinued their education. Operating on over 30,000 student observations, random forests are used
to determine the relative importance of the student characteristics with genetic algorithms to perform
feature selection and pruning. To improve the machine learning algorithm cross validated hyperparameter
tuning was also implemented. Overall predictive strength is relatively high as measured by the
Matthews Correlation Coefficient, and both intuitive and novel features which provide support for the
learning model are explored.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
Rule-based expert systems for supporting university studentsertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/rule-based-expert-systems-for-supporting-university-students/
There are more than 15 million college students in the US alone. Academic advising for courses and scholarships is typically performed by human advisors, bringing an immense managerial workload to faculty members, as well as other staff at universities. This paper reports and discusses the development of two educational expert systems at a private international university. The first expert system is a course advising system which recommends courses to undergraduate students. The second system suggests scholarships to undergraduate students based on their eligibility. While there have been reported systems for course advising, the literature does not seem to contain any references to expert systems for scholarship recommendation and eligibility checking. Therefore the scholarship recommender that we developed is first of its kind. Both systems have been implemented and tested using Oracle Policy Automation (OPA) software.
EFFICIENCY OF DECISION TREES IN PREDICTING STUDENT’S ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE cscpconf
Educational data mining is used to study the data available in the educational field and bring
out the hidden knowledge from it. Classification methods like decision trees, rule mining,
Bayesian network etc can be applied on the educational data for predicting the students
behavior, performance in examination etc. This prediction will help the tutors to identify the
weak students and help them to score better marks. The C4.5 decision tree algorithm is applied
on student’s internal assessment data to predict their performance in the final exam. The
outcome of the decision tree predicted the number of students who are likely to fail or pass. The
result is given to the tutor and steps were taken to improve the performance of the students who
were predicted to fail. After the declaration of the results in the final examination the marks
obtained by the students are fed into the system and the results were analyzed. The comparative
analysis of the results states that the prediction has helped the weaker students to improve and
brought out betterment in the result. To analyse the accuracy of the algorithm, it is compared
with ID3 algorithm and found to be more efficient in terms of the accurately predicting the
outcome of the student and time taken to derive the tree.
Data Mining Techniques for School Failure and Dropout SystemKumar Goud
Abstract: Data mining techniques are applied to predict college failure and bum of the student. This is method uses real data on middle-school students for prediction of failure and drop out. It implements white-box classification strategies, like induction rules and decision trees or call trees. Call tree could be a call support tool that uses tree-like graph or a model of call and their possible consequences. A call tree is a flowchart-like structure in which internal node represents a "test" on an attribute. Attribute is the real information of students that is collected from college in middle or pedagogy, each branch represents the outcome of the test and each leaf node represents a class label. The paths from root to leaf represent classification rules and it consists of three kinds of nodes which incorporates call node, likelihood node and finish node. It is specifically used in call analysis. Using this technique to boost their correctness for predicting which students might fail or dropout (idler) by first, using all the accessible attributes next, choosing the most effective attributes. Attribute choice is done by using WEKA tool.
Keywords: dataset, classification, clustering.
Framework for opinion as a service on review data of customer using semantics...IJECEIAES
At opinion mining plays a significant role in representing the original and unbiased perception of the products/services. However, there are various challenges associated with performing an effective opinion mining in the present era of distributed computing system with dynamic behaviour of users. Existing approaches is more laborious towards extracting knowledge from the reviews of user which is further subjected to various rounds of operation with complex procedures. The proposed system addresses the problem by introducing a novel framework called as opinion-as-a-service which is meant for direct utilization of the extracted knowledge in most user friendly manner. The proposed system introduces a set of three sequential algorithm that performs aggregated of incoming stream of opinion data, performing indexing, followed by applying semantics for extracting knowledge. The study outcome shows that proposed system is better than existing system in mining performance.
Artificial intelligence involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots, etc.). Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and techniques have useful purposes in every domain of mental health care including clinical decision-making, treatments, assessment, self-care, mental health care management and more. This application involves an AI based fuzzy expert system which helps the students to give a basic idea or insight of possible career opportunities, to enable them to move forward towards the path most suitable for them in all respects. This project will give a personal aid to the students taking into consideration, the student’s interest and aptitude test result. The fuzzy expert in our project will choose accurate careers for the user accordingly.
The focus of this study is to seek the relevance of investing in Information Technology (IT) by the students. The research takes into account 50 students studying at different disciplines at Dhaka University. The respondents were visited randomly to get the relevant data. The result of the study suggests that students’ academic quality and knowledge enhancement have a relationship with investment in IT though the relationship is not significant. The result of hypothesis testing shows that students those have invested in personal computer and internet secure comparatively higher cumulative grade point average (CGPA) rather than those who haven’t invested on these IT tools. But the likelihood of investing higher amount in IT will pay-off better CGPA is not found thus there is no association of good result and investing heavily on IT. However, the findings of this exploratory study offer insights that the money invested in IT for academic purpose is more advantageous than otherwise be invested especially for those students whose academic curriculum mainly decorated in accordance with the modern up-to-date era of Information Technology. Eventually, this study will help concerned students, guardians and academicians understanding how important IT is for student’s academic performance.
New Fuzzy Model for quality evaluation of E-Training of CNC Operatorsinventionjournals
The quality of e-learning is a very important issue, especially when production technologies are concerned. This paper introduces a new fuzzy model for e-learning quality evaluation. All uncertainties and consequent imprecision are modeled by triangular fuzzy numbers. The quality of CNC e-learning process is determined by using the fuzzy logic IF-THEN rules. The proposed method derives an aggregated satisfaction value both for the participants as well as the trainers.The authors introduce a genuine metric interval for the objective evaluation of E-learning effect. The OLS regression model estimates the magnitude and polarity of Elearning effect on participants` perception of the training quality. The predicted coefficient of E-learning effect on the overall quality of CNC training is estimated to be14.88 measurement points with a negative impact on overall satisfaction. These novel findings shed a new light on the quantitative effect of E-learning on CNC machine training and contribute to the contemporary scientific literature within the research area.The developed model is illustrated by real-life data from secondary technological schools from central Serbia.
Industrial Benchmarking through Information Visualization and Data Envelopmen...ertekg
Download Link > https://ertekprojects.com/gurdal-ertek-publications/blog/industrial-benchmarking-through-information-visualization-and-data-envelopment-analysis-a-new-framework/
We present a benchmarking study on the companies in the Turkish food industry based on their financial data. Our aim is to develop a comprehensive benchmarking framework using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and information visualization. Besides DEA, a traditional tool for financial benchmarking based on financial ratios is also incorporated. The consistency/inconsistency between the two methodologies is investigated using information visualization tools. In addition, k-means clustering, a fundamental method from machine learning, is applied to understand the relationship between k-means clustering and DEA.
LEAN THINKING IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWijseajournal
The field of Software Engineering has suffered considerable transformation in the last decades due to the influence of the philosophy of Lean Thinking. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify practices and approaches proposed by researchers in this area in the last 5 years, who have worked under the influence of this thinking. The search strategy brought together 549 studies, 80 of which were classified as
relevant for synthesis in this review. Seventeen tools of Lean Thinking adapted to Software Engineering were catalogued, as well as 35 practices created for the development of software that has been influenced by this philosophy. The study rovides a roadmap of results with the current state of the art and the identification of gaps pointing to opportunities for further esearch.
The Architecture of System for Predicting Student Performance based on the Da...Thada Jantakoon
The goals of this study are to develop the architecture of a system for predicting student performance based on data science approaches (SPPS-DSA Architecture) and evaluate the SPPS-DSA Architecture. The research process is divided into two stages: (1) context analysis and (2) development and assessment. The data is analyzed by means of standardized deviations statistically. The research findings suggested that the SPPS-DSA architecture, according to the research findings, consists of three key components: (i) data source, (ii) machine learning methods and attributes, and (iii) data science process. The SPPS-DSA architecture is rated as the highest appropriate overall. Predicting student performance helps educators and students improve their teaching and learning processes. Predicting student performance using various analytical methods is reviewed here. Most researchers used CGPA and internal assessment as data sets. In terms of prediction methods, classification is widely used in educational data science. Researchers most commonly used neural networks and decision trees to predict student performance under classification techniques.
Didactic analysis of the items proposed in the competition test of entry to t...journal ijrtem
ABSTRACT: The Regional Centers of Education and Training (CRMEF) in Morocco are responsible for recruiting and training candidates for the teaching of schools. Admission to the CRMEF is done first of all by a pre-selection on file. The selected candidates will then pass a written test in chemistry physics of duration of 4 hours. The written examination, in physics chemistry, written in the form of a multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) is established by the examination center of the Minister of National Education, Morocco. It consists of two parts, one dealing with physics and the other with chemistry. Each part is made up of totally independent parts. It contains 57 items divided into 11 themes. The physical part comprises 31 items divided into 6 themes and the chemistry part includes 26 items divided into 5 themes. The analysis of items includes all the statistical processes whose purpose is to evaluate the quality of an examination and the items that compose it. The research work conducted here is not interested in the editorial aspects of the MCQ items. It focuses exclusively on the one hand to analyze the items of the written examination (MCQ) of the entrance examination to the CRMEF taking into account qualitative information via the statistical indicators of discrimination and difficulty and on the other hand to perceive If the structuring and the formulation of the MCQ items are decisive in the choice of good future teacher. To do this a detailed analysis of each item of the written exam (MCQ) was done.The results of this study show that among the 57 items in the written test (MCQ), there are 7% of the items to be revised and 10.5% to be rejected and consequently the proposed examination does not discriminate between applicants and did not allow an adequate choice of good future teacher.
Predicting Success : An Application of Data Mining Techniques to Student Outc...IJDKP
This project examines the effectiveness of applying machine learning techniques to the realm of college
student success, specifically with the intent of discovering and identifying those student characteristics and
factors that show the strongest predictive capability with regards to successful graduation. The student
data examined consists of first time freshmen and transfer students who matriculated at California State
University San Marcos in the period of Fall 2000 through Fall 2010 and who either graduated successfully
or discontinued their education. Operating on over 30,000 student observations, random forests are used
to determine the relative importance of the student characteristics with genetic algorithms to perform
feature selection and pruning. To improve the machine learning algorithm cross validated hyperparameter
tuning was also implemented. Overall predictive strength is relatively high as measured by the
Matthews Correlation Coefficient, and both intuitive and novel features which provide support for the
learning model are explored.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
This paper introduces the competency models for Operations Manager, User Interface
Designer, and Application Developers. It will serve as a guide for Information Systems students
to identify which among the three of the offered tracks would be most suited for them to pursue
according to their knowledge, skills, values and interests. The Holland’s RIASEC model and the
Values Search model of Bronwyn and Holt were utilized to determine the most dominant interest
and most dominant values of the industry computing experts. Survey assessment forms were sent
to IT Operations Manager, User Interface Designer, and Application Developer. Most dominant
values and interests of industry computing experts were determined as well as the knowledge
and skills which are mostly required by the industry in their particular area. Based on the result
of the survey, it shows that application developer and user interface designer have a closely
related values. Thus a second round of a survey would be needed to come up with the most
exclusive dominant values for the particular information systems specialization track.
INVESTIGATION OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN TERMS OF VARIOUS V...ijpla
This study aims to determine the attitudes of individuals towards computer programming in terms of
various variables. The study group consists of the students of Kastamonu University Department of
Computer Education and Instructional Technologies Teaching (CEIT), Department of Computer
Engineering, and Department of Computer Programming. Data were collected via Attitude towards
Computer Programming Scale (AtCPS).The results of this study show that students have neutral attitudes
towards computer programming in general. Male computer programming students have significantly
higher attitudes towards programming in comparison to female computer programming students. In
addition, attitude towards computer programming statistically varies by grade. The higher is grade, the
lower is attitude. The more time CEIT and computer programming students spend on computer for
programming purposes daily, the more positive attitudes they have towards programming. Attitude
significantly varies by graduated high school only among CEIT students.
Investigation of Attitudes Towards Computer Programming in Terms of Various V...ijpla
This study aims to determine the attitudes of individuals towards computer programming in terms of
various variables. The study group consists of the students of Kastamonu University Department of
Computer Education and Instructional Technologies Teaching (CEIT), Department of Computer
Engineering, and Department of Computer Programming. Data were collected via Attitude towards
Computer Programming Scale (AtCPS).The results of this study show that students have neutral attitudes
towards computer programming in general. Male computer programming students have significantly
higher attitudes towards programming in comparison to female computer programming students. In
addition, attitude towards computer programming statistically varies by grade. The higher is grade, the
lower is attitude. The more time CEIT and computer programming students spend on computer for
programming purposes daily, the more positive attitudes they have towards programming. Attitude
significantly varies by graduated high school only among CEIT students.
PREDICTING ACADEMIC MAJOR OF STUDENTS USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS TO THE CASE OF ...ijcax
In this study, which took place current year in the city of Maragheh in IRAN. Number of high school students in the fields of study: mathematics, Experimental Sciences, humanities, vocational, business and science were studied and compared. The purpose of this research is to predict the academic major of high school students using Bayesian networks. The effective factors have been used in academic major selection
for the first time as an effective indicator of Bayesian networks. Evaluation of Impacts of indicators on each other, discretization data and processing them was performed by GeNIe. The proper course would be advised for students to continue their education.
PREDICTING ACADEMIC MAJOR OF STUDENTS USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS TO THE CASE OF ...ijcax
In this study, which took place current year in the city of Maragheh in IRAN. Number of high school
students in the fields of study: mathematics, Experimental Sciences, humanities, vocational, business and
science were studied and compared. The purpose of this research is to predict the academic major of high
school students using Bayesian networks. The effective factors have been used in academic major selection
for the first time as an effective indicator of Bayesian networks. Evaluation of Impacts of indicators on
each other, discretization data and processing them was performed by GeNIe. The proper course would be
advised for students to continue their education.
PREDICTING ACADEMIC MAJOR OF STUDENTS USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS TO THE CASE OF ...ijcax
In this study, which took place current year in the city of Maragheh in IRAN. Number of high school students in the fields of study: mathematics, Experimental Sciences, humanities, vocational, business and
science were studied and compared. The purpose of this research is to predict the academic major of high school students using Bayesian networks. The effective factors have been used in academic major selection for the first time as an effective indicator of Bayesian networks. Evaluation of Impacts of indicators on each other, discretization data and processing them was performed by GeNIe. The proper course would be
advised for students to continue their education.
Multiple educational data mining approaches to discover patterns in universit...IJICTJOURNAL
This paper presented the utilization of pattern discovery techniques by using multiple relationships and clustering educational data mining approaches to establish a knowledge base that will aid in the prediction of ideal college program selection and enrollment forecasting for incoming freshmen. Results show a significant level of accuracy in predicting college programs for students by mining two years of student college admission and graduation final grade scholastic records. The results of educational predictive data mining methods can be applied in improving the services of the admission department of an educational institution, particularly in its course alignment, student mentoring, admission forecast, marketing, and enrollment preparedness.
Evaluation criteria for different disciplines vary from subject to subject such as Computer science,
Medicine, Management, Commerce, Art, Humanities and so on. Various evaluation criteria are being used
to measure the retention of the students’ knowledge. Some of them are in-class assignments, take home
assignments, group projects, individual projects and final examinations. When conducting lectures in
higher education institutes there can be more than one method to evaluate students to measure their
retention of knowledge. During the short period of the semester system we should be able to evaluate
students in several ways. There are practical issues when applying multiple evaluation criteria. Time
management, number of students per subject, how many lectures delivered per semester and the length of
the syllabus are the main issues.
The focus of this paper however, is on identification, finding advantages and proposing an evaluation
criterion for Computer based testing for programming subjects in higher education institutes in Sri Lanka.
Especially when evaluating hand written answers students were found to have done so many mistakes such
as programming mistakes. Therefore they lose considerable marks. Our method increases the efficiency
and the productivity of the student’s and also reduces the error rate considerably. It also has many benefits
for the lecturer. With the low number of academic members it is hard to spend more time to evaluate them
closely. A better evaluation criterion is very important for the students in this discipline because they
should stand on their own feet to survive in the industry.
Data Mining Model for Predicting Student Enrolment in STEM Courses in Higher ...Editor IJCATR
Educational data mining is the process of applying data mining tools and techniques to analyze data at educational
institutions. In this paper, educational data mining was used to predict enrollment of students in Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics (STEM) courses in higher educational institutions. The study examined the extent to which individual, sociodemographic
and school-level contextual factors help in pre-identifying successful and unsuccessful students in enrollment in STEM
disciplines in Higher Education Institutions in Kenya. The Cross Industry Standard Process for Data Mining framework was applied to
a dataset drawn from the first, second and third year undergraduate female students enrolled in STEM disciplines in one University in
Kenya to model student enrollment. Feature selection was used to rank the predictor variables by their importance for further analysis.
Various predictive algorithms were evaluated in predicting enrollment of students in STEM courses. Empirical results showed the
following: (i) the most important factors separating successful from unsuccessful students are: High School final grade, teacher
inspiration, career flexibility, pre-university awareness and mathematics grade. (ii) among classification algorithms for prediction,
decision tree (CART) was the most successful classifier with an overall percentage of correct classification of 85.2%. This paper
showcases the importance of Prediction and Classification based data mining algorithms in the field of education and also presents
some promising future lines.
MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF FACTORS PREDICTING SELF EFFICACY IN COMPUTER PROGRAMMINGIJITE
This study used multilevel analysis to determine the predictive value of selected intrinsic factors (gender,
computer ownership, mathematics background and computer experience) and institutional type (an
extrinsic factor) on undergraduates’ Self Efficacy in Java Computer Programming (SEiJCP) in South –
West, Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational design. Purposive Sampling was used to select 254
computer science undergraduates from four universities (three federal-owned and one state-owned) in
south-west, Nigeria. Three research questions were answered. Two research instruments namely,
Computer experience scale (r = 0.84) and Java Programming Self Efficacy Scale (JPSES, r = 0.96) were
used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and null and linear growth model
(LGM) procedures. The intercorrelation coefficients among the extrinsic factor, intrinsic factors and
SEiJCP were moderate. Null model shows that the variations in SEiJCP accounted for by insitutional level
differences was 99.0%. The fixed part of the LGM of intrinsic factors showed that only mathematical
backgroung contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to the prediction of SEiJCP. The random part of the LGM
showed no significant contributions of the interactions of the intrinsic factors, to the prediction of SEiJCP.
About 60.0% of the student level variation in SEiJCP is explained by the differences in intrinsic factors.
The institution – level variable had large predictive value on programming self efficacy. Computer science
departments should increase the number of mathematics courses in their curriculum.
Multilevel Analysis of Factors Predicting Self Efficacy in Computer ProgrammingIJITE
This study used multilevel analysis to determine the predictive value of selected intrinsic factors (gender, computer ownership, mathematics background and computer experience) and institutional type (an
extrinsic factor) on undergraduates’ Self Efficacy in Java Computer Programming (SEiJCP) in South – West, Nigeria. The study adopted a correlational design. Purposive Sampling was used to select 254 computer science undergraduates from four universities (three federal-owned and one state-owned) in
south-west, Nigeria. Three research questions were answered. Two research instruments namely, Computer experience scale (r = 0.84) and Java Programming Self Efficacy Scale (JPSES, r = 0.96) were
used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and null and linear growth model (LGM) procedures. The intercorrelation coefficients among the extrinsic factor, intrinsic factors and SEiJCP were moderate. Null model shows that the variations in SEiJCP accounted for by insitutional level
differences was 99.0%. The fixed part of the LGM of intrinsic factors showed that only mathematical backgroung contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to the prediction of SEiJCP. The random part of the LGM showed no significant contributions of the interactions of the intrinsic factors, to the prediction of SEiJCP.
About 60.0% of the student level variation in SEiJCP is explained by the differences in intrinsic factors. The institution – level variable had large predictive value on programming self efficacy. Computer science departments should increase the number of mathematics courses in their curriculum.
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Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Pile Foundation by Venkatesh Taduvai (Sub Geotechnical Engineering II)-conver...
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES
1. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
DOI : 10.5121/ijcseit.2018.8602 11
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL
AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES
Christopher Scaffidi
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, US
ABSTRACT
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
KEYWORDS
Computer science education, Software engineering education, Information technology education
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Software developers recently graduated from college frequently need to learn and improve a
range of skills, even after obtaining their first jobs [1, 2, 3, 4]. While some gaps in expertise relate
to soft skills and associated personal attributes, such as those related to communication and
collaboration [1, 4], while others relate to technical skills such as source code control, testing, and
specific programming languages [1, 4, 5]. Such limitations in recent graduates’ abilities can
hamper their comfort and productivity [6].
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities
frequently conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’
expectations. These can uncover specific needs not being addressed. For example, research in the
United Kingdom found that web-based programming skills were of high importance [7], research
with North Dakota State University’s employer contacts revealed the need for students to do more
realistic projects before they graduated [8], research in Australia highlighted the need for more
business-related knowledge [9]. The mismatch between identified skills and university curricula
has aided in identifying opportunities for improving curricula by creating, expanding or
reordering courses [9, 10].
2. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
12
Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon State University interviewed
employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern [11]. The skills revealed by these
interviews covered both technical and soft skills (Table 1) and echoed many highlighted in the
studies cited above. These included, for example, agile methods, the ability to collaborate, user
interface design, and entrepreneurship skills.
1.2. Study objectives
The current paper takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study
aimed at quantifying the prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have the
skills listed in Table 1.
Three research questions framed the study:
RQ1: What preferences do employers have about new hires’ educational attainment in
computer science?
RQ2: What skills do employers value most highly among future hires from computer
science?
RQ3: What forms of evidence do employers find most useful for evaluating students and
graduates?
1.3. Organization
Section 2 presents materials and methods, while Section 3 summarizes results. Section 4
discusses key findings from the data, which Section 5 juxtaposes with related work. Finally,
Section 6 summarizes conclusions as well as focal points for future work aimed at enhancing our
university curriculum in order to better meet employers’ hiring needs.
3. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
13
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Survey scope
A survey was deployed to obtain data for answering the three research questions (Section 1).
Participants were recruited with emails sent to a list of employers and former graduates who had
previously indicated a desire to participate in research regarding software engineering education
and corporate hiring. The email contained a link to the survey, deployed on the Qualtrics
platform.
The survey contained 29 questions organized into 3 sections. The first invited participants to rate
their likelihood of hiring students and graduates in computer science with specific educational
attainment (e.g., Master’s degree). The second section asked participants to rate the usefulness of
technical and soft skills (e.g., SQL/database skills and writing skills); these were selected directly
from the list of skills mentioned by employers in the earlier interviews [11], with the exception of
“ability to communicate well” which was separated into two skills for this survey as “ability to
communicate verbally” and “ability to communicate in writing.” The third section had
participants rate how useful they found different kinds of items for evaluating applicants who had
a background in computer science (e.g., resume, transcript, source code). Throughout all three
sections, each question presented a 5-level Likert scale.
2.2. Analysis
Data for each question were summarized two different ways. First, the proportion of non-missing
answers at the two highest levels the Likert scale was computed (i.e., the proportion of responses
that essentially agreed with the item presented). Second, the average of non-missing answers was
computed to generate an average rating for each question.
These per-question statistics were then compared in order to answer the research questions. For
example, to answer RQ2, ratings for different skills were compared with one another (e.g.,
SQL/database versus writing skills, versus the other skills considered). Formal statistical tests
were not conducted, due to the high risk of Type I error (there were 16 different skills, for
example, posing difficulties in comparing all of them to one another) as well as Type II error (as,
with 26 respondents, statistical power was low). Instead, the two summary statistics mentioned
above were sorted and plotted on a bar chart in order to reveal unmistakable visual trends. These
trends could be used to generate statistical hypotheses for testing in future research. The
Discussion (Section 4) compares results to those from the interviews that motivated the survey,
helping to triangulate and confirm conclusions.
3. RESULTS
3.1. What preferences do employers have about new hires’ educational attainment
in computer science?
The survey asked respondents to rate how likely their companies were to hire students from six
different categories that varied by educational attainment. These ranged from hiring Bachelor’s
students as interns prior to graduation all the way to graduates who had obtained a PhD. The
responses showed two clear trends.
First, for each of the three degrees, the likelihood of hiring graduates exceeded the likelihood of
hiring students for internships prior to graduation. These trends appeared in both the proportions
4. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
14
reporting they were likely to hire students of each category (Fig. 1) and the average rating of
likelihood (Fig. 2).
Second, the likelihood of hiring students generally decreased with rising level of educational
attainment. Respondents were relatively unlikely to hire PhD students (either before or during
graduation), relatively more likely to hire Master’s students, and the most likely to hire
Bachelor’s students. At the low end, only 21% of respondents were likely or definitely intending
to hire PhD students for internships. At the high end, 88% indicated the same for students who
had graduated with a Bachelor’s degree.
Fig. 1: Proportion of respondents who were likely or definitely going to hire students
in the next 5 years, by degree (Bachelor’s, Master’s, or PhD) and
by graduation status (after graduation, or as an intern before graduation).
Fig. 2: Average estimated likelihood of hiring students in the next 5 years.
5. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
15
3.2. What skills do employers value most highly among future hires from computer
science?
Respondents rated the usefulness of 7 soft skills and attributes as well as 10 technical skills.
Plotting the proportion rating each skill as very or extremely useful (Fig. 3), and plotting the
average rating of each skill (Fig. 4), revealed three trends.
First, all skills were rated on average at least as moderately useful. The lowest-rated was the
business/entrepreneurship soft skill, which only 50% considered very or extremely useful. At the
high end, 100% of respondents considered a hire’s drive to learn as very or extremely useful. This
result suggests that the collection of skills for the survey, based on prior interviews [11], was
well-chosen.
Second, almost all soft skills/attributes were more highly valued than almost all technical skills.
All but one of the soft skills/attributes were rated as very or extremely useful by at least 80% of
respondents, the average rating across all 7 soft skills was 3.44 (between very and extremely
useful). In contrast, only half of the technical skills were rated as very or extremely useful (source
code versioning, testing, agile methods, SQL/database, and web development). The average
rating of among all technical skills was only 2.95 (slightly below very useful).
Third, all 3 of the top-rated technical skills were, in some sense, cross-cutting and applicable to
more than one software development context. These 3 skills were source code versioning, testing,
and agile methods. All of these can be applied in the context of web development, mobile app
development, embedded development, and many other contexts (e.g., desktop software
development, cloud development, etc.) not specifically examined in this survey. The result may
imply that generalizable technical skills are viewed as more useful than skills targeted to specific
development contexts.
6. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
16
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00
A drive to learn
Ability to communicate verbally
Ability to cope with ambiguity
Ability to collaborate on teams
Ability to communicate in writing
A passion to innovate
Business, entrepreneurship skills
Source code versioning
Testing
Agile methods
SQL/database
Web development
User interface design
Mobile app development
Non-relational "big data"
System administration
Embedded development
Not useful Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
at all useful useful useful useful
Soft/non-technical skills/attributes
Technical skills
Fig. 4: Average ratings of the usefulness of soft skills/attributes and technical skills.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
A drive to learn
Ability to communicate verbally
Ability to cope with ambiguity
Ability to collaborate on teams
Ability to communicate in writing
A passion to innovate
Business, entrepreneurship skills
Source code versioning
Testing
Agile methods
SQL/database
Web development
User interface design
Mobile app development
Non-relational "big data"
System administration
Embedded development
Soft/non-technical skills/attributes
Technical skills
Fig. 3: Proportion of respondents who indicated that specific skills and attributes were
very useful or extremely useful.
7. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
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3.3. What forms of evidence do employers find most useful for evaluating students
and graduates?
Respondents rated the usefulness of 6 items that job applicants may present as evidence of their
qualifications related to computer science. The results revealed two trends (Figs. 5, 6).
First, school-centric items were generally considered of little or no usefulness. Transcripts were
rated as only slightly more than moderately useful, and only 25% of respondents considered
transcripts to be very or extremely useful. Even references—which, for a student or recent
graduate, might generally just include professors—fared only slightly better, at 40% of
respondents and a still only slightly-above-moderate level of usefulness. The resume scored
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Source code
Working software
Resume
References
Screenshots/video
Transcript
Fig. 5: Proportion of respondents that considered each item to be very useful or extremely useful as evidence
of applicants’ qualifications.
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00
Source code
Working software
Resume
References
Screenshots/video
Transcript
Not useful Slightly Moderately Very Extremely
at all useful useful useful useful
Fig. 6: Average ratings of each item as evidence of an applicant’s qualifications.
8. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
18
higher, nearly attaining a rating of “very useful.”
Second, items related to making software were generally considered of high usefulness. With a
rating of very or extremely useful by 92% of respondents, the highest-rated was source code,
which to be precise, the survey described as “Source code (e.g., via github) that the applicant
wrote.” The next highest was “Software (e.g., apps, websites) that the applicant made,” which
was rated as very or extremely useful by 88% of respondents. The only software-centric item that
obtained a low score was “Screenshots, videos of applicant’s past work,” which obtained ratings
between transcripts and references.
4. DISCUSSION
The results address the research questions that motivated this work.
RQ1: What preferences do employers have about new hires’ educational attainment in computer
science? On the whole, respondents showed a consistent higher preference for graduates with
relatively lower degree status (Bachelor’s, Master’s, PhD) and for graduates over interns.
RQ2: What skills do employers value most highly among future hires from computer science?
Although all skills were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than
most technical skills. Nonetheless, 3 technical skills scored approximately as well as the soft
skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods), all which—like soft skills—were
cross-cutting and applicable to more than one software development context.
RQ3: What forms of evidence do employers find most useful for evaluating students and
graduates? School-based evidence generally obtained low scores, and evidence related to actual
project work generally obtained the highest.
The results for the first two research questions suggest employers may be most interested in
finding entry-level employees with strong aptitude and desire to learn, whom they can train and
develop in a specific technical direction pertinent to the company’s needs. This inference
dovetails with results from the prior interviews of employers [11], almost all of whom indicated
wanting workers with a drive to learn. They mentioned phrases like “lifelong learners,”
“curiosity,” and “drive.” Some interviewees also explicitly said that applicants’ specific language
and platform experience mattered relatively little because it was relatively easy for developers
experienced with one to pick up another.
Survey and interview respondents both very strongly emphasized the need for soft skills. One
interviewee highlighted the relative importance of soft skills over technical skills by stating, “We
do not value people sitting at their desk and writing code all day.” In particular, all but one
interviewee emphasized the importance of communication skills; the survey results provide more
fine-grained insight into what this means, in that verbal and writing communication skills were
both rated as highly important.
The results for the third research question are striking in terms of highlighting the emphasis that
employers place on whether students and recent graduates can demonstrate experience with actual
software development tasks. Transcripts, references and screenshots do not necessarily provide
such insight: course grades might primarily be based on exam scores, faculty who serve as
references might primarily emphasize such grades rather than project work, and screenshots offer
only a static impression of software and little insight into the process of its creation. In contrast, a
well-written resume can discuss how software was built, a working app or website can serve as
9. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
19
the focus of interview questions about the software’s creation, and source code reveals the
internals of the software’s construction.
The emphasis on real experience with the process of creating working software also manifested in
interview results [11]. Several interviewees emphasized the importance of using tools and design
patterns in academic training that matched those used in industry, and three specifically noted the
importance for applicants to tell stories about past projects in ways that demonstrated knowledge
and expertise. One of them explicitly said they only wanted workers capable of “thinking beyond
homework assignments,” emphasizing the potential disconnect between academic work and real-
world practicable skills.
5. RELATED WORK
Numerous studies have reported that recent graduates lack certain skills that they must master
while on the job (e.g., [1, 2, 3, 4]). For example, based on a literature survey of empirical studies,
Radermacher and Walia determined that the most-often mentioned gap in new workers’ skills
existed in the area of written communication [1]. Other oft-cited weaknesses included oral
communication, project management and teamwork. All these are soft skills, consistent with the
results of the current survey, which revealed the importance of training students in soft skills.
Moreover, Radermacher and Walia noted several lacking technical skills, including in the areas of
software tools, testing and programming. These skills are cross-cutting, again consistent with the
results of the current survey. Unlike the current survey, Radermacher and Walia did not mention
the importance of source code control or specific programming languages, although those have
appeared in lists of necessary skills generated by other studies (e.g., [4, 5]).
Unlike the studies cited above, the current survey also investigated what forms of evidence about
skills are sought by employers. This has been a topic of concern in a handful of other studies
(e.g., [12, 13, 14]). For example, Marlow and Dabbish interviewed members of the GitHub
“social coding” community to investigate the extent to which accounts on that site facilitated
hiring and recruitment of software developers [12]. They found that potential employers tended to
focus on how frequently and consistently programmers committed work to online project
repositories, as well as how well networked programmers were (e.g., through having followers,
having submitted pull requests, and having interacted with others on the site). In fact,
interviewees stated that they relied upon these signals when judging candidates’ skills even more
strongly than they relied upon information written in resumes – consistent with findings from the
current survey. Likewise, a survey of employers found that they do value open source projects
reported on a resume, as long as the development practices reflected in those projects are
compatible with the processes used at each employer [14].
6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
6.1. Conclusions
In short, this study has provided additional insight into what it means to train work-ready
graduates, with an emphasis noted above on development of soft skills and manifestation of
technical skills in actual source code and working software.
The findings of prior studies (Section 5) are consistent with those of the current study, which also
adds to the literature by providing quantitative evidence about the relative importance of different
evidence signals. In particular, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, the current survey revealed a clear
10. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.8, No.5/6, December 2018
20
progression of importance: evidence from the abstract academic setting (e.g., transcripts) was
least persuasive, descriptive evidence of prior work (e.g., references and resume) was moderately
persuasive, and direct concrete materials derived from project work (e.g., working software and
source code) was most persuasive.
Taken together, all the results from the survey and the interviews suggest that training work-ready
graduates involves cultivating a drive to learn and other soft skills/attributes at least as much as it
involves giving students technical skills. Advanced degrees, such as the Master’s and PhD, in
particular, are at risk of providing little additional value unless if they reinforce these skills and
attributes. And, to the extent that students at all levels build technical skill, they should do so in a
way that manifests expertise through practical experiences creating software that they can use as
evidence of their qualifications.
6.2. Scope of potential future work
Future work could build on this research in several areas.
First, a larger survey involving more employers could address the threats to validity entailed by
the small sample size of the current study. The sample size prevented use of statistical tests to
confirm trends observed in the data, so the findings above, while visually salient, might not
actually be significant. Moreover, obtaining demographic data about respondents (e.g., company
size and target markets) could aid in ascertaining the extent to which any sampling and/or non-
response bias limits generalizability. Additional questions that go beyond opinions and ask about
historical facts (e.g., asking about students hired by the company in the past) could aid in further
triangulation and establishing aspects of internal validity. The results of this survey provide
insights for interesting focal points of future surveys rather than definitive conclusions.
Second, the results suggest directions for additional work aimed at enhancing the university
curriculum. For example, a review of the curriculum could be done in order to assess the extent to
which courses aid in developing soft skills, as well as whether syllabi provide for students to
engage in learning activities that lead to working software that they could use as evidence of their
qualifications. In addition, students who already have graduated could be invited into the
classroom to talk about what projects they did, during their time as students, that proved most
useful for convincing employers to hire them. Additional research could measure the extent to
which such guidance prompts students attempt to put this guidance into practice, the extent to
which they succeed, and whether these projects do in fact lead to impacts on employment
obtained immediately after graduation.
Finally, future work could follow up on the fact that, among all the skills and attributes rated by
respondents, the passion to learn was valued most highly. One interviewee in the prior study
explicitly contrasted this with the “I don’t care” attitude all too common among recent graduates,
and other interviewees noted the difficulty of finding workers with a drive to learn. This is
disappointing, particularly considering the role that universities play in preparing students for
career success. Additional studies could aim to understand what instructional experiences help to
nurture and amplify this drive – as well as what instructional experiences quench it. Research
would clearly be valued on how to stimulate not only students’ immediate motivation to learn
within a given course, but also how to cultivate a passion for lifelong learning.
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AUTHOR
Christopher Scaffidi earned a Ph.D. in software engineering from Carnegie Mellon
University and is currently an associate professor of computer science in the School
of EECS at Oregon State University. His research interests are where human-
computer interaction and software engineering intersect. Most of his current
projects aim to help software users to create code for themselves, and to effectively
share that code with one another.