Banks play an important role in the economic development of a country. They are the lifeblood of modern commerce and have control over a large part of money supply. A bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels them into lending activities. It plays a vital role in the marketing of new type of deposits and advances schemes. The operational efficiency, service quality and managerial effectiveness are the main areas to observe the performance of a bank. The financial performance of a bank can be measured as the achievement of the bank in terms of profitability position, service quality, customer satisfaction and other relevant aspects. The profitability of a bank denotes the efficiency with which a bank deploys its total resources to optimize its net profits and thus serve as an index to the degree of asset utilization and managerial effectiveness. At present, the Indian banking system faces a number of difficult challenges. In such a scenario, the present study is an attempt to measure the financial performance of the second largest public sector bank of India i.e. Punjab National Bank. This study is entirely based on secondary data and different ratios have been applied to evaluate the financial performance of the bank along with regression analysis with the help of SPSS 20.0. The study concluded that the selected bank has performed well on the sources of growth rate and financial efficiency but profitability position has been found poor during the study period.
This document contains details of a student project analyzing the financial statements of the top 3 Indian banks - SBI, ICICI, and PNB. It includes the student's name, roll number, project title, subject area, and guide's name. The project involves calculating and comparing various ratios such as profitability, leverage, payout, and liquidity ratios across the three banks. The objectives are to assess the banks' profitability, do comparative analysis between banks, and evaluate operational efficiency. The introduction provides background on banks' role in the economy. The literature review discusses previous research on analyzing banks' financial performance.
A Project Report on Public Sector Bank (Punjab National Bank & UCO Bank)Anant Kumar Behera
This document provides an overview of a project report on public sector banks in India, specifically Punjab National Bank and UCO Bank. It includes an introduction, objectives, research methodology, background on the banking industry and its history in India. It then profiles each bank individually, covering their introduction, history, mission, branches, products/services, awards, and financial analysis. Finally, it includes a comparative analysis of the two banks and discusses findings. The document contains the typical sections one would expect to see in an academic project report.
This document is a project report submitted by Paul Jose in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Business Administration from Sri Venkateswara College of Computer Applications and Management. The project analyzes the capital structure of Federal Bank Aluva over a 5 year period using ratio analysis and financial statement trends. The report includes an introduction, industry profile of banking in India, company profile of Federal Bank, literature review, findings and suggestions.
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1jitharadharmesh
This document provides an overview of the banking industry and system in India. It discusses the different types of banks in India including nationalized banks, private banks, cooperative banks, and specialized banking institutions. It also outlines the structure of the Indian banking system, which consists of scheduled commercial banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and other specialized institutions. The document was submitted as part of a project report on conducting a financial statement analysis of Rajkot District Cooperative Bank in India.
A comparison of financial performance of bankingAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the financial performance of Pakistan's banking industry from 2009-2013. It divides the banking industry into four sectors - public commercial banks, private commercial banks, specialized banks, and foreign banks. Various financial ratios are used to assess the performance of each sector, including return on assets, return on equity, growth in total assets, fixed assets, operational assets, and equity. The results show that private commercial banks generally had the best financial performance, while foreign banks tended to have the lowest returns and growth rates. The study aims to determine if banks with larger assets, fixed assets, and equity achieved higher growth and returns.
Presentation on summer training projectpallavisaggar
This document presents a summary of Pallavi Saggar's six-week industrial training at Standard Chartered. It introduces the company, describing its founding, leadership, financial performance, and strategic focus on participation, competitive positioning, customers, people, and communities. The organizational structure of Standard Chartered is outlined, from the Chairman of the Board down to various divisions for Asia, Risk Management, Wholesale Banking, and more. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths in diverse products and profitability, weaknesses in human resources, and opportunities in expanding branches. The document also provides an introduction to mutual funds in India, including types, current industry trends, and the future outlook for growth.
This document provides an overview of a project report on the financial statement analysis of three major banks in India - ICICI, Axis, and HDFC banks - from 2007-2008 to 2011-2012. It includes an introduction outlining the objectives, scope, research methodology, and limitations of the project. It also provides background context on the Indian economy, history of banking in India, and profiles of the three banks analyzed. The document outlines the various chapters that will be included in the full report, such as the accounting policies, tools for financial statement analysis, analysis and interpretation of financial data for the banks, and conclusions.
This document contains details of a student project analyzing the financial statements of the top 3 Indian banks - SBI, ICICI, and PNB. It includes the student's name, roll number, project title, subject area, and guide's name. The project involves calculating and comparing various ratios such as profitability, leverage, payout, and liquidity ratios across the three banks. The objectives are to assess the banks' profitability, do comparative analysis between banks, and evaluate operational efficiency. The introduction provides background on banks' role in the economy. The literature review discusses previous research on analyzing banks' financial performance.
A Project Report on Public Sector Bank (Punjab National Bank & UCO Bank)Anant Kumar Behera
This document provides an overview of a project report on public sector banks in India, specifically Punjab National Bank and UCO Bank. It includes an introduction, objectives, research methodology, background on the banking industry and its history in India. It then profiles each bank individually, covering their introduction, history, mission, branches, products/services, awards, and financial analysis. Finally, it includes a comparative analysis of the two banks and discusses findings. The document contains the typical sections one would expect to see in an academic project report.
This document is a project report submitted by Paul Jose in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Business Administration from Sri Venkateswara College of Computer Applications and Management. The project analyzes the capital structure of Federal Bank Aluva over a 5 year period using ratio analysis and financial statement trends. The report includes an introduction, industry profile of banking in India, company profile of Federal Bank, literature review, findings and suggestions.
Credit management & npa of co operative bank ltd.1jitharadharmesh
This document provides an overview of the banking industry and system in India. It discusses the different types of banks in India including nationalized banks, private banks, cooperative banks, and specialized banking institutions. It also outlines the structure of the Indian banking system, which consists of scheduled commercial banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, and other specialized institutions. The document was submitted as part of a project report on conducting a financial statement analysis of Rajkot District Cooperative Bank in India.
A comparison of financial performance of bankingAlexander Decker
This document analyzes the financial performance of Pakistan's banking industry from 2009-2013. It divides the banking industry into four sectors - public commercial banks, private commercial banks, specialized banks, and foreign banks. Various financial ratios are used to assess the performance of each sector, including return on assets, return on equity, growth in total assets, fixed assets, operational assets, and equity. The results show that private commercial banks generally had the best financial performance, while foreign banks tended to have the lowest returns and growth rates. The study aims to determine if banks with larger assets, fixed assets, and equity achieved higher growth and returns.
Presentation on summer training projectpallavisaggar
This document presents a summary of Pallavi Saggar's six-week industrial training at Standard Chartered. It introduces the company, describing its founding, leadership, financial performance, and strategic focus on participation, competitive positioning, customers, people, and communities. The organizational structure of Standard Chartered is outlined, from the Chairman of the Board down to various divisions for Asia, Risk Management, Wholesale Banking, and more. A SWOT analysis identifies strengths in diverse products and profitability, weaknesses in human resources, and opportunities in expanding branches. The document also provides an introduction to mutual funds in India, including types, current industry trends, and the future outlook for growth.
This document provides an overview of a project report on the financial statement analysis of three major banks in India - ICICI, Axis, and HDFC banks - from 2007-2008 to 2011-2012. It includes an introduction outlining the objectives, scope, research methodology, and limitations of the project. It also provides background context on the Indian economy, history of banking in India, and profiles of the three banks analyzed. The document outlines the various chapters that will be included in the full report, such as the accounting policies, tools for financial statement analysis, analysis and interpretation of financial data for the banks, and conclusions.
M&A Trends and Financial Performance of Telecom Companies during Pre& Post Me...Mayur Nahar
The objective of my project is to study the Telecom industry in India and understand how the recent trends are driving Mergers, Acquisitions and Partnerships in this industry. I will study recent partnerships, merger and acquisitions that have taken place in this industry. I will focus on the following the following deals in the industry to gain deeper understanding of the M&A nuances in this industry:
This document analyzes the financial performance of State Bank of India over a 5-year period from 2013-2018. Key findings from the analysis include:
1) State Bank of India maintained a high current ratio on average of 16.15 times over the period, indicating strong liquidity. Regression analysis showed that increases in current assets positively impacted the current ratio.
2) Profitability ratios like gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio, and return on shareholders' funds were on average 167.36%, 60.964%, and 5.777143% respectively, demonstrating good overall profitability. However, two-way ANOVA found significant differences in profitability ratios over the years.
3) Turnover ratios like
This document discusses various techniques of financial analysis used to analyze financial statements, including ratio analysis. It provides background on ratio analysis and defines key financial ratios such as current ratio, quick ratio, debt equity ratio, proprietary ratio, net profit ratio, and capital turnover ratio. Ratio analysis of Punjab National Bank from 2011-2015 is then presented, calculating and interpreting various ratios to analyze the bank's financial performance and position over those years. The ratios indicate the bank has maintained strong liquidity and an increasing equity position over time.
TREND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SECURITIES IN BSE INDEX AT SHORTER TIME HORIZONS” Deepak KD
This document is a project report submitted by Deepak KD to the University of Calicut in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Business Administration degree. The project analyzes trends in selected securities listed on the BSE index over shorter time horizons under the guidance of faculty member Nimmi Somraj. The report includes introduction, literature review, data analysis and interpretation, findings, conclusion, and references. The research problem examines identifying opportunities in the stock market through technical analysis of price movements and trends to forecast short-term prices.
Financial Performance Analysis of Selected Private Sector Banks in IndiaDr. Amarjeet Singh
The performance of the banking system has been
widely recognized as an important element for economic
growth and for enhancing the economic and financial system
buoyancy in facing financial crisis. In fact, such a vital role in
the economy has made banks to be considered as one of the
most strained kinds of businesses in the globe as they are
subject to close scrutiny since banks will otherwise be
counterproductive and severely damage the economy of a
country. Efficient and profitable banks maximize
shareholders’ value and encourage the shareholders to make
additional investments. As a result of which, more
employment opportunities will be created and more goods
and service will be produced and ultimately bring about
economic growth in which private and public sector banking
institutions play equal role. The present study analyses the
financial performance of selected private banks in India with
the help of correlation analysis by considering return on total
assets as the independent variable.
This document provides a project report on fundamental analysis of the banking sector in India submitted by Leslie Sequeira to Don Bosco Institute of Management and Research. The report includes an introduction to the history of banking in India from 1786 to the present, which is divided into three phases. It also outlines the research methodology, includes an index of contents, and covers data collection, analysis and interpretation of the banking sector. The main purpose is to understand and interpret factors affecting the banking sector in India through fundamental analysis.
This document provides an introduction to a study on non-performing assets (NPAs) with reference to Rajapur Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd. It outlines the research problem as studying the causes of NPAs and identifying actions to reduce them. The objectives are to analyze NPA ratios, the bank's NPA recovery policies, and the effect of NPAs on bank profits. The study uses both primary and secondary data collected over 50 days from the bank. Data is analyzed using MS Excel charts and tables. The introduction lays the groundwork for further chapters to present an organizational profile, conceptual framework, data analysis and findings/conclusions.
The Impact of Liquidity on Profitability on Selected Banks of Bangladesh Samia Ibrahim
This research seeks to establish a relationship between liquidity and profitability which may assess in liquidity management in the banks in Bangladesh.There has been a wide range of study on the concepts of liquidity and profitability. My research differs from the previous works as such research was not done in the context of Bangladeshi banking sector using recent data.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF BARCODE AND RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY ON...IAEME Publication
This document analyzes the non-performing assets (NPAs) of public sector banks in India over the past 5 years, from 2011-2012 to 2015-2016. It ranks 24 public sector banks based on their average gross NPAs and net NPAs over this period. State Bank of Travancore, State Bank of Mysore, and Punjab & Sind Bank had the lowest combined ranks of gross and net NPAs, while Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, and State Bank of India had the highest combined ranks. The document also finds a high correlation between the gross NPAs of different banks, indicating that factors affecting NPAs are similar across banks.
A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BANKING SECTOR (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
The study consist of fundamental analysis so it focuses on the overall state of the economy, and considers factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. So the researcher gives the problem as A study on fundamental analysis of banking sector with special reference to public sector banks. The main objective is to study the fundamental analysis of three banks which Punjab National Bank (PNB), Bank of Baroda (BOB) and State Bank of India (SBI).
This report analyzes the financial statements of Commercial Bank of Ceylon Plc for the 2011/2012 fiscal year. Ratio analysis was used to measure the bank's profitability, liquidity, and market performance. The bank had an excellent 2012 fiscal year, with assets exceeding Rs. 500 billion and post-tax profits reaching Rs. 10 billion. Key ratios such as return on assets and equity improved from the previous year, indicating better profitability and efficiency. The bank was also able to maintain strong liquidity and dividend payments for shareholders. In conclusion, the analysis found that Commercial Bank of Ceylon Plc continues to be a sound investment for existing and prospective shareholders.
This document provides background information and objectives for a study on the economic development of Bangladesh after gaining independence in 1971. It discusses several challenges Bangladesh faced such as high unemployment, lack of agricultural diversification, low crop yields, and poverty. The objectives of the study are outlined as evaluating Bangladesh's early economic policies and planning approaches. The planning commission established after independence aimed to prioritize economic development and increase self-sufficiency through initiatives like the first five-year plan and nationalizing industries. However, some critiques argued the planning efforts were unrealistic and failed to address challenges facing the economy and rural populations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a report comparing the non-performing asset (NPA) scenarios of public sector banks (SBI) and private sector banks (HDFC) in India. It includes the report title, authors, department/university, table of contents listing chapters on the banking structure in India, company profiles of SBI and HDFC, data analysis and conclusions. The introduction discusses the banking system in India and provides background on bank nationalization, the Reserve Bank of India, and the Indian Banks' Association.
This document discusses the challenge of non-performing assets (NPAs) facing public sector banks in India. It notes that while public sector banks have shown good financial performance in terms of deposits, investments, and advances growing significantly over time, their NPAs have also steadily increased year-over-year. NPAs do not generate interest income for banks and require provisions to be set aside, negatively impacting banks' profits and capital levels. The document examines the impact of NPAs on bank performance and the various measures taken by the RBI to reduce NPAs, but notes these have not achieved the desired results.
A study on effect of liquidity management on profitability with select privat...Supriya Mondal
This document provides background information and a literature review for a study on the relationship between liquidity and profitability in select public and private sector banks in India. It begins with an introduction to the topic, outlining the trade-off between liquidity and profitability for banks. It then reviews 10 previous research papers on similar topics, analyzing factors like liquidity ratios, efficiency, and performance comparisons between public and private sector banks. The reviewed papers examine issues like the effect of liquidity on profitability, comparing liquidity positions between bank types, and evaluating banks' financial health using the CAMEL model.
A study on effect of liquidity management on profitability with select privat...Supriya Mondal
Here are the key ways that banks can achieve liquidity:
1. Holding cash reserves - Banks are required to hold a certain percentage of deposits in the form of cash reserves that can be used immediately to meet liquidity needs. However, excess cash reserves reduce potential earnings.
2. Investing in government securities - Banks invest in short-term government bonds and treasury bills that can be easily sold in the market to generate cash. However, the returns may be lower than other investments.
3. Borrowing from other banks - Banks can borrow from other banks in the interbank market through instruments like federal funds, commercial papers etc. This provides quick access to funds but interest rates may be higher during liquidity cri
India being a developing country has been progressing since independence with the great sup-port of banking system in the country. The role of commercial bank in the progress of the country is considered as a benchmark. For the high rate of capital formation the role of commercial bank has no any other alternative. But yet India needs a great amount of development and growth for the time to come where again the banking system will become a milestone but the banking system has only one big issue that is of Non Performing Assets.
In general, the non performing assets are found more comparatively in the public sector banks in comparisons to private bank because of liberal rules for the debt recovery. Now a days the RBI has is-sued strict guidelines to reduce NPA,s in the banks and due to that the proportion of NPA,s has re-duced up to the extent but not all together. In the present paper a study is conducted to check the NPA,s of State Bank Of India during 2012-13 to 2016-17 and suggestion to reduce the NPA,s has also been drawn.
And much more
This document is a project report on trend analysis of HDFC Ltd submitted for a Master's degree. It includes an introduction discussing trend analysis and its uses in business for revenue/cost analysis and investment analysis. It then provides context on the banking industry in India, from its origins in the 18th century to the modern system established and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The project report will analyze trends in HDFC to fulfill degree requirements.
This document advertises Paella Party Catering services, which offers customizable paella and tapas menus for events in Orlando, Tampa, and Miami, with the ability to serve groups from 20 to 2000 people. It provides contact information for the catering company and encourages readers to contact them to discuss catering needs for exclusive events.
(1) A meaningful mission statement identifies an organization's core purpose in 20 words or less in an aspirational way to guide actions. (2) A purposeful plan links daily activities and resources through outcomes to the mission. (3) Empowering evaluation measures program outcomes, compares results to an alternative, and is transparent to demonstrate impact. Developing these tools helps capture and communicate an organization's impact.
Este documento presenta los resultados del Estudio de Inversión en Publicidad Digital 2013 realizado por IAB Spain. La inversión total en publicidad digital en 2013 fue de 878,4 millones de euros, un aumento del 1,4% respecto al año anterior. La inversión en internet representó el 94,8% del total, mientras que la inversión en mobile y digital signage aumentó un 47,4% y un 16,4% respectivamente.
M&A Trends and Financial Performance of Telecom Companies during Pre& Post Me...Mayur Nahar
The objective of my project is to study the Telecom industry in India and understand how the recent trends are driving Mergers, Acquisitions and Partnerships in this industry. I will study recent partnerships, merger and acquisitions that have taken place in this industry. I will focus on the following the following deals in the industry to gain deeper understanding of the M&A nuances in this industry:
This document analyzes the financial performance of State Bank of India over a 5-year period from 2013-2018. Key findings from the analysis include:
1) State Bank of India maintained a high current ratio on average of 16.15 times over the period, indicating strong liquidity. Regression analysis showed that increases in current assets positively impacted the current ratio.
2) Profitability ratios like gross profit ratio, operating profit ratio, and return on shareholders' funds were on average 167.36%, 60.964%, and 5.777143% respectively, demonstrating good overall profitability. However, two-way ANOVA found significant differences in profitability ratios over the years.
3) Turnover ratios like
This document discusses various techniques of financial analysis used to analyze financial statements, including ratio analysis. It provides background on ratio analysis and defines key financial ratios such as current ratio, quick ratio, debt equity ratio, proprietary ratio, net profit ratio, and capital turnover ratio. Ratio analysis of Punjab National Bank from 2011-2015 is then presented, calculating and interpreting various ratios to analyze the bank's financial performance and position over those years. The ratios indicate the bank has maintained strong liquidity and an increasing equity position over time.
TREND ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SECURITIES IN BSE INDEX AT SHORTER TIME HORIZONS” Deepak KD
This document is a project report submitted by Deepak KD to the University of Calicut in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Business Administration degree. The project analyzes trends in selected securities listed on the BSE index over shorter time horizons under the guidance of faculty member Nimmi Somraj. The report includes introduction, literature review, data analysis and interpretation, findings, conclusion, and references. The research problem examines identifying opportunities in the stock market through technical analysis of price movements and trends to forecast short-term prices.
Financial Performance Analysis of Selected Private Sector Banks in IndiaDr. Amarjeet Singh
The performance of the banking system has been
widely recognized as an important element for economic
growth and for enhancing the economic and financial system
buoyancy in facing financial crisis. In fact, such a vital role in
the economy has made banks to be considered as one of the
most strained kinds of businesses in the globe as they are
subject to close scrutiny since banks will otherwise be
counterproductive and severely damage the economy of a
country. Efficient and profitable banks maximize
shareholders’ value and encourage the shareholders to make
additional investments. As a result of which, more
employment opportunities will be created and more goods
and service will be produced and ultimately bring about
economic growth in which private and public sector banking
institutions play equal role. The present study analyses the
financial performance of selected private banks in India with
the help of correlation analysis by considering return on total
assets as the independent variable.
This document provides a project report on fundamental analysis of the banking sector in India submitted by Leslie Sequeira to Don Bosco Institute of Management and Research. The report includes an introduction to the history of banking in India from 1786 to the present, which is divided into three phases. It also outlines the research methodology, includes an index of contents, and covers data collection, analysis and interpretation of the banking sector. The main purpose is to understand and interpret factors affecting the banking sector in India through fundamental analysis.
This document provides an introduction to a study on non-performing assets (NPAs) with reference to Rajapur Urban Co-operative Bank Ltd. It outlines the research problem as studying the causes of NPAs and identifying actions to reduce them. The objectives are to analyze NPA ratios, the bank's NPA recovery policies, and the effect of NPAs on bank profits. The study uses both primary and secondary data collected over 50 days from the bank. Data is analyzed using MS Excel charts and tables. The introduction lays the groundwork for further chapters to present an organizational profile, conceptual framework, data analysis and findings/conclusions.
The Impact of Liquidity on Profitability on Selected Banks of Bangladesh Samia Ibrahim
This research seeks to establish a relationship between liquidity and profitability which may assess in liquidity management in the banks in Bangladesh.There has been a wide range of study on the concepts of liquidity and profitability. My research differs from the previous works as such research was not done in the context of Bangladeshi banking sector using recent data.
A STUDY ON IMPACT OF BARCODE AND RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY ON...IAEME Publication
This document analyzes the non-performing assets (NPAs) of public sector banks in India over the past 5 years, from 2011-2012 to 2015-2016. It ranks 24 public sector banks based on their average gross NPAs and net NPAs over this period. State Bank of Travancore, State Bank of Mysore, and Punjab & Sind Bank had the lowest combined ranks of gross and net NPAs, while Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, and State Bank of India had the highest combined ranks. The document also finds a high correlation between the gross NPAs of different banks, indicating that factors affecting NPAs are similar across banks.
A STUDY ON FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BANKING SECTOR (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ...IAEME Publication
The study consist of fundamental analysis so it focuses on the overall state of the economy, and considers factors including interest rates, production, earnings, employment, GDP, housing, manufacturing and management. When analyzing a stock, futures contract, or currency using fundamental analysis there are two basic approaches one can use: bottom up analysis and top down analysis. So the researcher gives the problem as A study on fundamental analysis of banking sector with special reference to public sector banks. The main objective is to study the fundamental analysis of three banks which Punjab National Bank (PNB), Bank of Baroda (BOB) and State Bank of India (SBI).
This report analyzes the financial statements of Commercial Bank of Ceylon Plc for the 2011/2012 fiscal year. Ratio analysis was used to measure the bank's profitability, liquidity, and market performance. The bank had an excellent 2012 fiscal year, with assets exceeding Rs. 500 billion and post-tax profits reaching Rs. 10 billion. Key ratios such as return on assets and equity improved from the previous year, indicating better profitability and efficiency. The bank was also able to maintain strong liquidity and dividend payments for shareholders. In conclusion, the analysis found that Commercial Bank of Ceylon Plc continues to be a sound investment for existing and prospective shareholders.
This document provides background information and objectives for a study on the economic development of Bangladesh after gaining independence in 1971. It discusses several challenges Bangladesh faced such as high unemployment, lack of agricultural diversification, low crop yields, and poverty. The objectives of the study are outlined as evaluating Bangladesh's early economic policies and planning approaches. The planning commission established after independence aimed to prioritize economic development and increase self-sufficiency through initiatives like the first five-year plan and nationalizing industries. However, some critiques argued the planning efforts were unrealistic and failed to address challenges facing the economy and rural populations.
This document provides an introduction and overview of a report comparing the non-performing asset (NPA) scenarios of public sector banks (SBI) and private sector banks (HDFC) in India. It includes the report title, authors, department/university, table of contents listing chapters on the banking structure in India, company profiles of SBI and HDFC, data analysis and conclusions. The introduction discusses the banking system in India and provides background on bank nationalization, the Reserve Bank of India, and the Indian Banks' Association.
This document discusses the challenge of non-performing assets (NPAs) facing public sector banks in India. It notes that while public sector banks have shown good financial performance in terms of deposits, investments, and advances growing significantly over time, their NPAs have also steadily increased year-over-year. NPAs do not generate interest income for banks and require provisions to be set aside, negatively impacting banks' profits and capital levels. The document examines the impact of NPAs on bank performance and the various measures taken by the RBI to reduce NPAs, but notes these have not achieved the desired results.
A study on effect of liquidity management on profitability with select privat...Supriya Mondal
This document provides background information and a literature review for a study on the relationship between liquidity and profitability in select public and private sector banks in India. It begins with an introduction to the topic, outlining the trade-off between liquidity and profitability for banks. It then reviews 10 previous research papers on similar topics, analyzing factors like liquidity ratios, efficiency, and performance comparisons between public and private sector banks. The reviewed papers examine issues like the effect of liquidity on profitability, comparing liquidity positions between bank types, and evaluating banks' financial health using the CAMEL model.
A study on effect of liquidity management on profitability with select privat...Supriya Mondal
Here are the key ways that banks can achieve liquidity:
1. Holding cash reserves - Banks are required to hold a certain percentage of deposits in the form of cash reserves that can be used immediately to meet liquidity needs. However, excess cash reserves reduce potential earnings.
2. Investing in government securities - Banks invest in short-term government bonds and treasury bills that can be easily sold in the market to generate cash. However, the returns may be lower than other investments.
3. Borrowing from other banks - Banks can borrow from other banks in the interbank market through instruments like federal funds, commercial papers etc. This provides quick access to funds but interest rates may be higher during liquidity cri
India being a developing country has been progressing since independence with the great sup-port of banking system in the country. The role of commercial bank in the progress of the country is considered as a benchmark. For the high rate of capital formation the role of commercial bank has no any other alternative. But yet India needs a great amount of development and growth for the time to come where again the banking system will become a milestone but the banking system has only one big issue that is of Non Performing Assets.
In general, the non performing assets are found more comparatively in the public sector banks in comparisons to private bank because of liberal rules for the debt recovery. Now a days the RBI has is-sued strict guidelines to reduce NPA,s in the banks and due to that the proportion of NPA,s has re-duced up to the extent but not all together. In the present paper a study is conducted to check the NPA,s of State Bank Of India during 2012-13 to 2016-17 and suggestion to reduce the NPA,s has also been drawn.
And much more
This document is a project report on trend analysis of HDFC Ltd submitted for a Master's degree. It includes an introduction discussing trend analysis and its uses in business for revenue/cost analysis and investment analysis. It then provides context on the banking industry in India, from its origins in the 18th century to the modern system established and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India. The project report will analyze trends in HDFC to fulfill degree requirements.
This document advertises Paella Party Catering services, which offers customizable paella and tapas menus for events in Orlando, Tampa, and Miami, with the ability to serve groups from 20 to 2000 people. It provides contact information for the catering company and encourages readers to contact them to discuss catering needs for exclusive events.
(1) A meaningful mission statement identifies an organization's core purpose in 20 words or less in an aspirational way to guide actions. (2) A purposeful plan links daily activities and resources through outcomes to the mission. (3) Empowering evaluation measures program outcomes, compares results to an alternative, and is transparent to demonstrate impact. Developing these tools helps capture and communicate an organization's impact.
Este documento presenta los resultados del Estudio de Inversión en Publicidad Digital 2013 realizado por IAB Spain. La inversión total en publicidad digital en 2013 fue de 878,4 millones de euros, un aumento del 1,4% respecto al año anterior. La inversión en internet representó el 94,8% del total, mientras que la inversión en mobile y digital signage aumentó un 47,4% y un 16,4% respectivamente.
Este documento describe dos tipos de semiconductores: intrínsecos y extrínsecos. Los semiconductores intrínsecos son puros y tienen pocos electrones libres de forma natural. Los semiconductores extrínsecos tienen pequeñas cantidades de impurezas que los dopan, haciéndolos tipo N si las impurezas son pentavalentes o tipo P si son trivalentes. Los dopantes tipo N añaden electrones mientras que los tipo P añaden huecos.
Este documento presenta un resumen del seminario internacional "Ciudadanía Indígena: Retos y Nuevos desafíos para la institucionalidad pública". El autor analiza el proceso de reconocimiento de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina y los desafíos para su implementación efectiva. Se compara el grado de reconocimiento constitucional en Colombia, Perú y Chile, siendo Colombia el país con mayor reconocimiento y Chile el más retrasado. Finalmente, se exponen los desafíos futuros en materia ideológica
Santoshi S Tadse has 6+ months of experience working with Honeywell Automations India Ltd. in Pune as an engineer. She has a Bachelor's degree in Instrumentation Engineering and skills in PLCs, DCS, databases, and programming languages. Her current responsibilities include software design, hardware design, and quality checking for safety instrumented systems projects.
Considerações sobre identidade profissional e mercado de trabalho jornalístic...Rafael Bolsoni Bastos
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Esta aplicación web 2.0 permite administrar una cuenta para archivar, publicar y compartir presentaciones sin necesidad de adjuntar archivos pesados o publicar en un sitio web, ofreciendo alternativas como compartir enlaces con otros o seleccionar favoritos.
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Abstract
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The document provides an overview of the history and development of banking in India. It discusses how banking originated in India in the late 18th century. It then summarizes the key events in Indian banking including the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India in 1934, the nationalization of banks in 1969 and 1980, and the liberalization of the banking sector in 1991 allowing private banks. The document also outlines the current structure of banking in India including public sector banks, private banks, and foreign banks. It notes that banking has expanded into new products and services and that banks are playing an important role in India's economic development by providing credit and capital.
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A Study on Emerging Challenges & Opportunities for Indian Banking Sectorinventionjournals
Banking sector is treated as a backbone of a nation as it plays multifarious role for the all total growth of a developing country like India. The banking industry in India has a huge canvas of history, which covers the traditional banking Practices from the time of Britishers to the reforms period, nationalization to privatization of banks and now increasing numbers of foreign banks in India. Therefore, Banking in India has been through a long journey. Banking industry in India has also achieved a new height with the changing times. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Nevertheless, the fundamental aspects of banking i.e. trust and the confidence of the people on the institution remain the same. Here commercial banks cater to short and medium term financing requirements, while national level and state level financial institutions meet longer-term requirements. Banking industry in India has also achieved anew height with the changing times. Most of banks provide various services such as Mobile banking, SMS & Net banking and ATMs to their customers for their convenience. The use of technology has brought a revolution in the working style of the banks. Banking today has transformed into a technology intensive and customer friendly model with a focus inconvenience. However, changing dynamics of banking business also brings new kind of risk exposure
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A Study on the Financial Performance Evaluation of Punjab National Bank
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 6 Issue 1 || January. 2017 || PP—05-15
www.ijbmi.org 5 | Page
A Study on the Financial Performance Evaluation of Punjab
National Bank
Maj Syed Mohd Mustafa1
, Dr. Mohd Taqi2
1
Principal, SHSSS, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
2
Post-Doctoral Fellow, Department of Commerce, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
ABSTRACT: Banks play an important role in the economic development of a country. They are the lifeblood
of modern commerce and have control over a large part of money supply. A bank is a financial intermediary
that accepts deposits and channels them into lending activities. It plays a vital role in the marketing of new type
of deposits and advances schemes. The operational efficiency, service quality and managerial effectiveness are
the main areas to observe the performance of a bank. The financial performance of a bank can be measured as
the achievement of the bank in terms of profitability position, service quality, customer satisfaction and other
relevant aspects. The profitability of a bank denotes the efficiency with which a bank deploys its total resources
to optimize its net profits and thus serve as an index to the degree of asset utilization and managerial
effectiveness. At present, the Indian banking system faces a number of difficult challenges. In such a scenario,
the present study is an attempt to measure the financial performance of the second largest public sector bank of
India i.e. Punjab National Bank. This study is entirely based on secondary data and different ratios have been
applied to evaluate the financial performance of the bank along with regression analysis with the help of SPSS
20.0. The study concluded that the selected bank has performed well on the sources of growth rate and financial
efficiency but profitability position has been found poor during the study period.
Keywords: Public Sector Bank, Punjab National Bank, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net profit Margin.
I. INTRODUCTION
A good bank is not only the financial heart of the community but also a helping hand in every possible
manner to improve the economic condition of the society. Banks are a fundamental component of the financial
system and are also active players in financial markets. The essential role of a bank is to connect those who have
capital (investors or depositors), to those who seek capital (individuals or firms). Banks have control over a
large part of the supply of money in circulation. Through their influence over the volume of bank money, they
can influence nature and character of production in any country. Economic development is a dynamic and
continuous process which highly depends upon the extent of mobilization of resources, investment and
operational efficiency of various segments i.e. trade, industrial development, and agriculture of the economy.
Thus, in a modern economy like India, banks have become a part and parcel of all economic activities.
Banks play a significant role in the economic development of all the Nations of the world. In fact,
Banking is the lifeblood of Modern Commerce. From its original narrow scope and modest purpose of taking
care of other people’s money and lending a part of it, banking has developed to such an extent that, in countries
like England, France and the U.S.A., there is hardly a Business deal without the assistance of a Bank is sought in
one form or another (Srivastava, 2013). The present study is divided into four parts. The first part provides the
introductory background of the topic; a concise survey of available literature has been conducted in the second
part of the study. Third section provides the detailed methodology of present research and the fourth section of
the study is concerned with data analysis and interpretation. The fifth part covers the concluding remarks and
suggestions.
Financial Performance Evaluation: A Brief Review
Financial Analysis is a process of synthesis and summarization of financial and operative data to get an
insight into the operative activities of a business concern. Financial analysis consists of comparisons for the
same company over periods of time or comparisons of different companies either in the same industry or in
different industries. It may be done for a variety of purposes, which may range from a simple analysis of the
short term liquidity position of the firm to a comprehensive assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in
various areas. It is helpful in assessing corporate excellence, operating efficiency, judging credit worthiness,
forecasting bond ratings, predicting bankruptcy and assessing market risk. The financial analysis can be
performed by analysts who work for the firm or by outsiders like investors, creditors, lenders, suppliers,
customers, security analysts, academicians, researchers, environmental protection organizations, special interest
lobbying groups, government and other regulatory bodies.
There are numbers of tools and techniques available for the performance evaluation of a bank like Data
Envelopment Analysis, CAMEL model and ratio analysis, etc. Financial analysis of a bank can be done mainly
2. A Study on the Financial Performance Evaluation of Punjab National Bank
www.ijbmi.org 6 | Page
with the help of ratio analysis. Ratio analysis enables the management of banks to identify the causes of the
changes in their advances, income, deposits, expenditure, profits and profitability over the period of time and
thus help in pinpointing the direction of action required for increased deposits, income, advances and reducing
the expenditure and for altering the profitability prospects of the banks in future. To be really helpful and
practically useful for the bankers, the package of ratios should be small in size, simple in calculations, logically
consistent and statistically valid. Over the years, various experts propounded a plethora of ratios for analyzing
the financial position of a bank. The financial analysis of a bank can be done with the help of four general
categories of ratios viz. profitability ratio, liquidity ratio, leverage ratio and activity ratio.
Punjab National Bank: An Introduction
Punjab National Bank commenced its operations on April 12, 1895 from Lahore with an authorized
capital of Rs. 2 lakh and working capital of Rs 20,000. Punjab National Bank is an Indian multinational banking
and financial services company. It is a state-owned corporation based in New Delhi, India. Founded in 1894, the
bank has over 6,968 branches and over 9,656 ATMs across 764 cities and serves over 80 million customers.
Punjab National Bank was registered on 19 May 1894 under the Indian Companies Act, with its office in
Anarkali Bazaar, Lahore. The bank started its operations on 12 April 1895 in Lahore. In 1900, PNB established
its first branch outside Lahore in India. The next major event occurred in 1940 when PNB absorbed Bhagwan
Dass Bank, which had its head office in Dehradun. On 31 March 1947, even before Partition, PNB had decided
to leave Lahore and transfer its registered office to India; it received permission from the Lahore High Court on
20 June 1947, when it established its new head office at Under Hill Road, Civil Lines in New Delhi. In 1951,
PNB acquired 39 branches of Bharat Bank (est. 1942) and Bharat Bank became Bharat Nidhi Ltd. In 1960, PNB
again shifted its head office from Calcutta to Delhi. In 1961, PNB acquired Universal Bank of India, which
Ramakrishna Jain had established in 1938 in Dalmianagar, Bihar. PNB also amalgamated Indo Commercial
Bank (est. 1932 by S. N. N. Sankaralinga Iyer) in a rescue.
The Government of India nationalized PNB and 13 other major commercial banks, on 19 July 1969. In
1976, PNB opened a branch in London. In the same year, PNB acquired Hindustan Commercial Bank (est.
1943) in a rescue. The acquisition added Hindustan's 142 branches to PNB's network. In 1993, PNB acquired
New Bank of India, which the GOI had nationalized in 1980. In 1998 PNB set up a representative office in
Almaty, Kazakhstan. In 2003 PNB took over Nedungadi Bank, the oldest private sector bank in Kerala. PNB
also opened a representative office in London. In 2004, PNB established a branch in Kabul, Afghanistan, a
representative office in Shanghai, and another in Dubai. PNB also established an alliance with Everest Bank
Limited in Nepal that permits migrants to transfer funds easily between India and Everest Bank's 12 branches in
Nepal. Currently, PNB owns 20 per cent of Everest Bank. Two years later, PNB established PNBIL i.e. Punjab
National Bank (International) in the UK, with two offices; one in London, and one in Southall. Since then, it has
opened more branches, this time in Leicester, Birmingham, Ilford, Wembley, and Wolverhampton. PNB also
opened a branch in Hong Kong. In January 2009, PNB established a representative office in Oslo, Norway. PNB
hopes to upgrade this to a branch in due course. In January 2010, PNB established a subsidiary in Bhutan. PNB
owns 51 per cent of Druk PNB Bank, which has branches in Thimpu, Phuentsholing, and Wangdue. Local
investors own the remaining shares. Then on 1 May, PNB opened its branch in Dubai's financial center. In
September 2011, PNB opened a representative office in Sydney, Australia. The December 2012, PNB signed an
agreement with US-based Life Insurance company (Metlife) to acquire a 30 per cent stake in MetLife's Indian
affiliate MetLife India Limited. The company would be renamed PNB MetLife India Limited and PNB would
sell MetLife's products in its branches.
Statement of Problem
Financial performance of a business concern being one of the major characteristics, defines
competitiveness, potentials of the business and economic interests of the management. Therefore, financial
performance analysis and identification of weaknesses and strengths using financial performance indicators has
its contribution to the management, shareholders, the public (customers of the bank), the regulator (the
government), the financial sector and the economy as a whole. In a competitive financial market, bank
performance provides a signal to depositors and investors whether to withdraw funds from or invest in the bank.
Similarly, it flashes direction to bank management whether to improve its deposit service or loan service or
both. Regulators are also interested to know the financial health of banks for regulation purposes. Furthermore,
the rationale of financial analysis is to diagnose the information contained in a financial statement so as to judge
the future earning, ability to pay interest, debt maturities, profitability, customer services and dividend policy.
The present study is undertaken to evaluate the financial performance of the second largest public sector bank of
India. It is essential to examine the financial efficiency, operational activities and other relevant financial aspects
of Punjab National Bank for its smooth running and to improve the service quality to make it more favorable.
3. A Study on the Financial Performance Evaluation of Punjab National Bank
www.ijbmi.org 7 | Page
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature survey is generally conducted to review the present status of a particular research topic. It
helps the researcher to know the quantum of work already done on the particular topic and the area not yet
touched. Relevant literature is accessed through research reports, articles, books, journals, magazines and other
relevant materials. Some studies related to the evaluation of financial performance are discussed below:
Kumbirai and Webb (2010) investigated the performance of South Africa’s commercial banking sector
for the period 2005- 2009. Financial ratios were employed to examine the profitability, liquidity and credit
quality performance of five South African based commercial banks. The study concluded that overall bank
performance increased considerably in the first two years and a significant change in trend was noticed at the
onset of the global financial crisis in 2007, reaching its peak during 2008-2009. This resulted in falling
profitability, low liquidity and deteriorating credit quality in the South African Banking sector. Kumar, B.S.
(2008), evaluated the financial performance of Indian private sector banks. The study revealed that Private
sector banks play an important role in the development of Indian economy. The economic reforms totally have
changed the banking sector. RBI permitted new banks to be started in the private sector as per the
recommendation of Narasimhan committee. The Indian banking industry was dominated by public sector banks,
but now the situation has changed. New generation banks with better technology and professional management
have gained a reasonable position in the banking industry. Koeva, P. (2003), examined the performance of
Indian Banks. The analysis focused on evaluating the behavior and determinants of bank intermediation costs
and profitability during the liberalization period. The results of the study suggested that ownership pattern had a
significant effect on performance indicators and the observed increase in competition during financial
liberalization which has been associated with lower intermediation costs and profitability of the Indian banks.
Almazari (2011) in his study analyzed the financial performance of seven Jordanian commercial banks for the
period 2005-2009. Simple regression was used to estimate the impact of independent variable i.e. the bank size,
asset management, and operational efficiency on dependent variable represented by return on assets and interest
income size. The study concluded that banks with higher total deposits, credits, assets, and shareholders’ equity
did not always have better profitability performance. It was also found that there exists a positive correlation
between financial performance and asset size, asset utilization and operational efficiency. Regression analysis
also confirmed that financial performance is greatly influenced by these independent factors. Abdulrahman and
Al-Sabaawee (2011) in their study tried to assess the performance of Islamic banks through the use of complex
financial analysis based on the use of two tools using financial ratios and analysis of change and the general
trend on the basis of the base year. The study was conducted to judge the performance of these banks and the
efficiency of management in utilizing financial resources optimally and to achieve economic and social
objectives. The study sample consisted of Iraqi Islamic Bank and Jordan Islamic Bank for the period 2000-2008.
The study found that if Islamic banks want to achieve economic and social objectives in line with their
fundamental base, they should have great decision making, financial policies future plans strengthen the position
of these banks in the society as well as they should use financial instruments provided by the financial analysis
to reach the desired goals. Aspal and Malhotra (2013) measured the financial performance of Indian public
sector banks’ asset by camel model and applied ANOVA, f-test and arithmetic test on the data collected for the
time period 2007-2011. The study revealed that the top two performing banks were Bank of Baroda and Andhra
Bank because of high capital adequacy and asset quality and the worst performer was United Bank of India
because of management inefficiency, low capital adequacy and poor assets and earning quality.
Research Gap
Although some studies have been conducted on financial performance analysis of banks, performance
comparison between government and private banks and other financial institutions but analysis in the case of
Punjab National Bank still remains unexplored. The researchers try to fill this lack of evidence by extending the
issue to the specific context of the bank. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the financial
performance of Punjab National Bank by observing different variables, ratios and measures, the impact of
deposits and advances on the profitability of PNB’s past five years performance results in order to improve its
banking business.
Scope of the Study
This study is undertaken to measure the financial performance of Punjab National Bank. The study will
provide details about the growth of deposits and advances, profitability analysis of PNB. It is hoped that the
result of this study will propose policy measures for the better performance of this bank in order to achieve the
financial goals along with customer satisfaction.
Objectives of Study
The main objectives of the study are as follows:
To examine the profitability position of PNB.
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To examine the business performance of PNB.
To measure the impact of deposits and advances on the profitability of the bank.
To offer findings and suggestions to enhance the financial performance of PNB.
Hypotheses of the Study
The hypotheses of the study are as follows:
H01: there is no significant impact of total deposit on net profit of Punjab National Bank.
H02: there is no significant impact of total advances on net profit of Punjab National Bank.
Significance of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to examine the financial performance of Punjab National Bank for investment
and finance and to improve the bank’s operations and technology. Since the study revolves around one of the
popular issues of current business scenario, the following are the expected significances:
To provide an insight into the evaluation process of the banking sector.
To initiate the concerned banking organization to reassess existing practices and put a renewed emphasis on
undermined ones.
To initiate interested researchers to carry out more extensive studies in this particular area.
To recognize the importance of financial performance in general and the Indian banking sector in particular
and,
To draw attention towards the financial performance and financial ratios and contribution for correct
decision making.
Research Methodology
In the present study, an attempt has made to evaluate the financial performance of Punjab National Bank.
Nature of the Study: The present research is a case study in nature based on the second largest public sector
bank of India i.e. Punjab National Bank.
Nature of Data: The secondary data has been considered for the purpose of financial performance analysis of
Punjab National Bank.
Sources of Data: The data used for the present study has been taken from published annual reports of Punjab
National Bank. Other relevant data sources are journals, newspapers, magazines and internet sources.
Tenure of the Study: The present study is conducted for the period of five years ranging from 2011-12 to 2015-
16.
Variables used for the Study: The variables used for the study are total deposits, total advances, total business,
total assets, capital and net profit.
Tools used for the Study: ratios, descriptive statistics and regression analysis have been considered for the
analysis purpose.
Tools used for Analysis: different ratios are used to analyze the financial performance of Punjab National bank
which are as follows:
Advances to Assets Ratio (AAR) = Advances / Total Assets
Capital to Deposits Ratio (CDR) = Capital / Deposit
Credit Deposit Ratio (CDR) = Advances / Total Deposit
Return on Total Asset (ROA) = Net Profit / Total Asset*100
Return on Net worth (RONW) = Net Profit / Net Worth * 100
Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Total Deposits * 100
Limitations of Study
The study suffers from certain limitations and some of these are mentioned below so that finding of the study
can be understood in a proper perspective. The limitations of the study are as follows:
The present study is limited to only one public sector bank of India. Hence, the results are not applied to the
entire banking sector.
This study is limited to only five year time period (2011-12 to 2015-16).
The study is based only on secondary data which has been collected from published annual reports of banks
and various relevant internet sources. The data obtained through reports is subject to window dressing and
may not show the actual position of the Bank.
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III. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
The present study is concerned about the evaluation of financial performance of Punjab National Bank from
2011-12 to 2015-16 which has been carried out with the help of different ratios and regression analysis. The
main variables and their trends are given below:
Table -1 Financial Highlights of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Total Business Deposits Advances Total Assets Capital Net Profit
2011-12 673363 379588 293775 458194 27817 5730
2012-13 700356 391560 308796 478948 32676 4884
2013-14 800666 451397 349269 550420 35895 4748
2014-15 881913 501379 380534 603334 39080 3343
2015-16 965377 553051 412326 667390 38310 3062
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
From the above table, it can be observed that the totals assets of PNB have increased throughout the
study period. Deposit and capital of the bank have also increased but net profit has declined throughout from Rs.
5730 crore in 2011-12 to Rs. 3062 crore only in 2015-16. The bank has increased its lending activities and
overall there is an improvement in the total business of the bank.
Graph – 1 Total Business of Punjab National Bank
(Rs. in crore)
Source: Drawn from table 1
The above graph presents the trend of total business by Punjab National Bank from 2011-12 to 2015-
16. The total business of the bank was Rs. 673363 crore in 2011-12 which has grown over the years and has
reached Rs. 965377 crore in 2015-16. From the graph, it may be stated that the business performance of Punjab
National Bank has improved during the study period.
Graph – 2 Deposits of Punjab National Bank
(Rs. in crore)
Source: Drawn from table 1
Graph 2 shows the trend of total deposits of Punjab National bank from 2011-12 to 2015-16. Total
deposits of the bank were Rs. 379588 crore in 2011-12 which increased during the study period. The bank has
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registered growth in terms of deposits which stood at Rs. 553051 crores in 2015-16. From the above graph, it
may be concluded that the bank is efficient in attracting deposits from the public.
Graph – 3 Total Advances of Punjab National Bank
(Rs. in crore)
Source: Drawn from table 1
Graph 5 shows the trend of total advances of Punjab National Bank from 2011-12 to 2015-16. The bank has
given advances of Rs. 293775 crore in 2011-12 which increased over the years and finally stood at Rs. 412326
crores in 2015-16.
Graph – 4 Total Assets of Punjab National Bank
(Rs. in crore)
Source: Drawn from table 1
The above graph presents the trend of total assets of Punjab National Bank from 2011-12 to 2015-16. The bank
has possessed total assets of Rs. 458194 crore in 2011-12 which followed an increasing trend during the study
period. The total assets finally stood at Rs. 667390 crores in 2015-16 showing positive performance of Punjab
National Bank.
Graph – 5 Capital of Punjab National Bank
(Rs. in crore)
Source: Drawn from table 1
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The above graph shows the total capital of Punjab National Bank from 2011-12 to 2015-16. The capital of the
bank was Rs. 27817 crore in 2011-12 which increased in next three consecutive years to reach Rs. 39080 crore
in 2014-15. Further, it declined to Rs. 38310 crore in 2015-16.
Graph – 6 Net Profit of Punjab National Bank
(Rs. in crore)
Source: Drawn from table 1
Graph 3 provides the trend of net profit of Punjab National Bank from 2011-12 to 2015-16. Net profit of the
bank shows a negative trend during the study period. Net profit of the bank was Rs. 5730 crore in 2011-12
which decreased in the following years resulting in a net profit of only Rs. 3062 crore in 2015-16. In brief, it
may be stated that the earning position of the bank is very poor throughout the study period.
Ratio Analysis of Punjab National Bank
The present study is concerned with the financial analysis of Punjab National Bank from 2011-12 to 2015-16
which has been done with the help of ratio analysis. In order to make meaning inferences advances to total
assets ratio, capital to deposit ratio, credit deposit ratio, return on assets, return on equity and net profit ratio
have been calculated..
Table – 2 Advances to Total Assets Ratio of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Total Advances Total Assets ATAR
2011-12 293775 458194 64.1159
2012-13 308796 478948 64.4738
2013-14 349269 550420 63.455
2014-15 380534 603334 63.0719
2015-16 412326 667390 61.7819
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
The above table shows the ratio of advances to assets of Punjab National Bank from 2010-11 to 2015-16. The
ratio ranges from 61.78 per cent to 64.47 per cent. There is a decreasing trend is observed in the ratio of
advances to assets except in 2012-13 where the ratio increased slightly. It indicates that the bank is careful while
lending which ultimately results in better profitability.
Table – 3 Capital to Deposit Ratio of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Capital Total Deposit CDR
2011-12 27817 379588 7.32821
2012-13 32676 391560 8.34508
2013-14 35895 451397 7.95198
2014-15 39080 501379 7.7945
2015-16 38310 553051 6.92703
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
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This ratio enables the banks’ ability to meet the contingencies of repayment of deposits. The ratio ranges from
6.92 per cent to 8.34 per cent. It is concluded that there is a fluctuating trend in the capital of the bank. This ratio
enables the banks’ ability to meet the contingencies of repayment of deposits.
Table – 4 Credit Deposit Ratio of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Credit Total Deposit CDR
2011-12 293775 379588 77.393
2012-13 308796 391560 78.863
2013-14 349269 451397 77.375
2014-15 380534 501379 75.897
2015-16 412326 553051 74.555
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
The above table shows the ratio of credit deposit of PNB. The credit deposit ratio plays an important role in
deciding the profitability of a bank. The ratio ranges from 74.5 per cent to 78.8 per cent. It is concluded that
PNB maintains high credit-deposit ratio, therefore the profitability of the bank is good.
Table – 5 Return on Assets of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Net Profit Total Asset ROA
2011-12 4884 458194 1.06592
2012-13 4748 478948 0.99134
2013-14 3343 550420 0.60735
2014-15 3062 603334 0.50751
2015-16 -3974 667390 -0.5955
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
The above table indicates the ratio of net profit to total assets. The ratio shows a decreasing trend and negative
ROA is reported in 2015-16. It is concluded that the declining in ratio has shown adverse effect to the bank. So
the bank has to take care of liquid assets to maintain steady position.
Table – 6 Return on Equity of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Net Profit Net Worth ROE
2011-12 4884 27817 17.5576
2012-13 4748 32676 14.5305
2013-14 3343 35895 9.31327
2014-15 3062 39080 7.83521
2015-16 -3974 38310 -10.373
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
From the above table shows the ratio of return on equity of the PNB from 2010-11 to 2015-16,
It was 17.55 percent in 2011-12 which declined steeply during the study period and even in negative in the last
year of the study period i.e. -10.37 per cent. It may be concluded that higher the ratio ensures increased return to
the equity shareholders and vice versa.
Table – 7 Net Profit Margin of PNB
(Rs. in crore)
Year Net Profit Total Deposit NPM
2011-12 4884 379588 1.28666
2012-13 4748 391560 1.21259
2013-14 3343 451397 0.74059
2014-15 3062 501379 0.61072
2015-16 -3974 553051 -0.7186
Source: Annual Reports of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16
Table 7 demonstrates the net profit of PNB from 2011-12 to 2015-16. It was only 1.29 per cent in 2011-12
which declined over the years and finally stood at -0.72 per cent in 2015-16 indicating poor performance of the
bank during the study period. Profitability is the major area for any business concern which reveals the earning
capacity, business performance and customer satisfaction.
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Hypotheses Testing
The present study is primarily concerned with the issue of financial performance and its evaluation of Punjab
National Bank. The secondary data considered for the study consists of selected variables collected for the five
year period from 2011-12 to 2015-16. The analysis and interpretation are based on the following hypotheses:
H01: there is no significant impact of deposits on the net profit of Punjab National Bank.
To find the impact of utilized funds on net profit among Maharatna companies, Ordinary least-squares (OLS)
regression is used.
TABLE – 9 Regression Analysis of Deposit and NP of PNB
Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-statistics p-value
C 10973.41 1255.86 8.741759 0.0032
Total Deposits -0.014537 0.002728 -5.328069 0.0129
R-squared 0.904423
Adjusted R-squared 0.872564
F-statistic 28.38832
Prob(F-statistic) 0.012920
Source: Table 1 with the help of E-views
Dependent Variable: Net profit
Method: Ordinary Least Square Method
The above table provides the description of the impact of deposit on net profit of PNB from 2011-12 to
2015-16. From the analysis, it is cleared that the deposit has a negative impact on profit of PNB during the study
period as the coefficient value of deposit having a negative sign i.e. -0.014 which shows that profit and deposit
have a negative relationship and the significant p-value (0.01) of t-statistics strengthen this. The adjusted R
square value i.e. 0.87 shows that this model covers 87 per cent variation in the dependent variable because of
independent variable. Further, the value of F statistics is 28.38 with p-value which is less than 0.05 which points
forward to the negative impact of deposits of net profit of PNB during the study period and it leads to the
rejection of null hypothesis.
Table – 10 Regression Analysis of Total Advances and Net Profit of PNB
Variables Variables Std. Error t-statistic p-value
C 11962.70 1341.398 8.918084 0.0030
Total Advances -0.021807 0.003814 -5.717542 0.0106
R-squared 0.915944
Adjusted R-squared 0.887925
F-statistic 32.69028
Prob(F-statistic) 0.010616
Source: Table 1 with the help of E-views
Dependent Variable: Net profit
Method: Ordinary Least Square Method
Table 9 shows the results of regression analysis of impact of advances on net profit of PNB. From the
analysis, it is cleared that the advances have a negative impact on profit of PNB during the study period as the
coefficient value of advances having a negative sign i.e. -0.021 which shows that profit and advances have also
a negative relationship and the significant p-value (0.01) of t-statistics. The adjusted R square value i.e. 0.88
points forward to this model covers 88 per cent variation in the dependent variable because of independent
variable. Further, the value of F statistics is 32.69 with p-value which is less than 0.05 which points forward to
the negative impact of advances on net profit of PNB during the study period and it leads to the rejection of null
hypothesis.
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS
The present study aimed to measure the financial performance of Punjab National Bank from 2011-12
to 2015-16. Punjab National Bank is a major public sector bank of India which plays an important role in the
development of Indian financial system. The financial viability of the banking system is certainly essential; not
only to instill public confidence but also to make banks capable of discharging their social responsibilities.
The financial performance of the bank is analyzed using different parameters. The Punjab National
Bank of India is in a position to follow the rules of the Government for the social and economic development of
the country. The bank has performed well on the sources of growth rate and financial efficiency during the study
period. It plays a vital role in marketing of new type of deposits and advances schemes. However, the bank, by
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earning at least a nominal profit, have to serve the economy through extension of advances and safeguard the
interest of its investors by providing the expected return on their investment in bank. Therefore, the bank has to
re-orient its strategies in the light of own strengths and the kind of market in which it is likely to operate on.
Since the banking sector reforms have been set in motion, the profitability became the buzzword and the prime
mover of the financial strength and performance of bank.
The present study examines the impact on the financial performance of Punjab National Bank which
was taken as a sample for the purpose of analysis of financial performance. Net profit was taken as dependent
variables while total deposits and total advances were taken as independent variables. Results showed that the
profitability of the bank was strongly and negatively influenced by the deposits and advances. On the practical
dimension, this study is helpful for bankers and managers in their decision making to improve the financial
performance and formulate policies that will promote effective financial system. The study also recommends
measures that could be adopted by bank to ensure soundness in its operations.
The expected contributions of this study to the management in the field of banking can be said to be
that: this study may help decision makers to pay more attention on the major banking activities that may help in
increasing the financial performance position and ranking of the bank as compared to other banks. The financial
information of this study will also help the management in setting up plans and financial strategies. From an
academic point of view, this research provides a new perspective in evaluating the financial performance of
leading commercial banks as well as the finding of this study can be added to the present literature and it can
help researchers in their future studies.
Suggestions
Based on the analysis and interpretation, there are some of the general suggestions may be offered for the better
performance of Punjab National Bank itself.
PNB should introduce modern marketing strategies.
The bank must improve its credit deposit proportion.
The bank should focus on generating non interest income.
Introducing innovative branch administration.
Monitoring the controlling mechanism on important ratios.
Bank should obey the RBI norms and provide facilities as per the norms.
It should increase the rate of interest on saving bank account.
It should provide loan at the lower interest rate and education loans should be given with ease without
much documentation. The bank must provide loans against shares.
Fair dealing with the customers and more contribution from the employee of the bank should be
cooperative.
24 hours banking should be induced so as to facilitate the customers who may not have a free time in the
daytime. It will help in facing the competition more effectively.
Customers generally complain that full knowledge is not granted to them. Thus the bank should properly
disclose the features of the product and services to the customers.
The branch should promote cooperation and coordination among employees which help them in efficient
working.
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