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A STEM Module for Bioengineering Topics Muscle and Movement: Part I - Kicking a Soccer Ball. PowerPoint
- 1. Muscle and Movement: Soccer Kick Catherine Wilcox Matthew Murphy Ayden Lee Chi-Yu Sun 04/30/2010 at Lincoln Middle School
- 2. How much do you know your body? Smooth muscle-surrounding the lumen of tubes Cardiac muscle- heart Skeletal muscle- are attached to bones 40-50% of total body weight The human body contains more than 650 individual muscles http://www.innerbody.com/image/musbov.html
- 3. Anatomy of a kick action The major muscle in kicking a soccer ball is Quadricep group http://www.insolepro.co.uk/biomechanics.html
- 5. 6 basic steps in soccer kicking The approach Plant foot Swing limb loading Hip flexion and knee extension Foot contact Flow through
- 6. Soccer kick in slow motion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBMA2wWuqh8 http://www.wldcup.com/news/2007/11/20071127_45465_soccer_news.html
- 7. Let’s kick a soccer ball http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FhMDGH2ahw&feature=PlayList&p=6D951EA58734D85A&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=26 the longest shot!!! http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41800000/jpg/_41800718_ronaldo_afp416.jpg
- 8. How much force do you apply for kicking a soccer? Determine the approximate mass of your leg Determine the mass of a soccer ball Find the velocity of the soccer ball Find the velocity of the leg Determine the force acting on the soccer by your leg
- 9. Mass of your leg My Weight: lbs x (1kg/2.2lb)= kg Weight of Leg = .10 x my weight = .10 x kg = kg
- 10. Mass of a soccer ball Mass of Soccer Ball: MB = kg
- 11. Velocity of the soccer ball Δx= Final Distance – Starting Distance Δx = m - m = m Time the ball is in the air: seconds Velocity: VB = Δx /t VB = / = m/s
- 12. Velocity of the leg Momentum is the product of the mass and velocity of an object P= mv VL = VBMB / ML = m/s x kg / kg = m/s
- 13. Force acting on the soccer ball a= Δv/t = (final velocity – velocity of the ball at rest) / time = ( m/s - m/s) / .2 seconds = m/s2 F = MBa = kg x m/s2 = N The acceleration of the kicking leg, and the resultant velocity at impact, is determined by the muscle forces being applied by the kicker.
Editor's Notes
- The human body contains more than 650 individual muscles which are attached to the skeleton, which provides the pulling power for us to move around. The main job of the muscular system is to provide movement for the body. The muscular system consist of three different types of muscle tissues : skeletal, cardiac, smooth. Each of these different tissues has the ability to contract, which then allows body movements and functions. There are two types of muscles in the system and they are the involuntary muscles, and the voluntary muscles. The muscle in which we are allow to control by ourselves are called the voluntary muscles and the ones we can control are the involuntary muscles. The heart, or the cardiac muscle, is an example of involuntary muscle.
- We can ask students to demonstrate
- The Approach: As a child develops their kicking pattern they learn to pace the run up and adjust their approach into a diagonal angle. A 45-degree angle produces the greatest peak ball velocity.Plant-foot Forces: The ground reaction force on the plant foot directly affects the ball speed. There is also a direct relationship between the direction of the plant foot and the direction the ball travels. The most accurate direction of the ball can be accomplished when the foot plant position is perpendicular to a line through the center of the ball. The optimal anterior-posterior (A-P) position of the plant foot is adjacent to the ball. This A-P position determines the flight path of the kicked ball.Swing-limb loading: The swinging of the limb prepares for the descending motion towards the ball. During this phase the opposite arm is raised to counter balance the rotating body. Both arms help keep the center of gravity over the support foot and increases the moment of inertia of the trunk. The kicking leg is extended and the knee is flexed to store elastic energy and allow a greater transfer of force to the ball. At the end of this phase there is maximal eccentric activity in the knee extensors. Hip flexion and knee extension: In this phase the thigh is swung forward and downward with a forward rotation of the lower leg. The leg then begins to accelerate due to the combined effect of the transfer of momentum and release of stored elastic energy in the knee extensors. The knee extensors then powerfully contract to swing the leg and foot towards the ball. After the kicking leg makes contact with the ball the knee is extended and the foot is plantarflexed. At this time the hamstrings are maximally activte to slow the leg’s eccentric movement. Foot contact with the ball: When the foot makes contact with the ball 15 % of the kinetic energy of the swinging limb is transferred to the ball and the rest of the energy is used by the eccentric activity of the hamstring muscle group to slow the limb down. Follow –Through: This serves to keep the foot in contact with the ball to maximize the transfer of momentum and therefore increase speed. This also serves to guard against injury by gradually dissipating the kinetic and elastic forces.