This document summarizes a class lecture on ethics and morality in international politics. It discusses the just war doctrine and different views on the role of morality. It also covers a game theory example of the stag hunt and its application to coordination problems like fighting pirates or the six-party talks on North Korea. Key points discussed include skepticism about morality in international relations due to a lack of consensus and order, and different theories like realism, liberalism and constructivism relating to views of morality.
International Relations Theory outlines three main perspectives - Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism. Realism views states as seeking power and security above all else, competing in a zero-sum system. Liberalism acknowledges other actors beyond states and believes cooperation is possible. Constructivism sees states' interests shaped by their unique histories and cultures. The document recommends blending theories, as no single perspective can fully explain complex international dynamics.
This document provides an overview and critique of realism and liberalism as international relations theories. It notes that realism views states as rational actors seeking power and security, with a competitive human nature. Realism is criticized for ignoring non-state actors and non-military forces. Liberalism emphasizes interaction between states and other actors as leading to a more cooperative world, but is critiqued for downplaying the importance of wars and reducing predictability. The document concludes by framing an evaluation of structural realism and liberalism, suggesting strengths and weaknesses be weighed with supporting evidence.
2013-2014 International Relations Lecture Slidesabhishekmaity
The document outlines topics that will be covered in a course on global affairs and politics. It includes 14 sections that will be covered: introduction, nation states, types of governments, asking the right questions, thinking strategically about world politics, the evolution of political theories, nationalism, globalization and transnationalism, international organizations, national power and diplomacy, international law and morality, national and international security, international political economy and cooperation, and human rights, the environment and technology. The document provides an overview of the scope and content of the course.
The document discusses the concept of balance of power in international relations. It provides definitions from various scholars throughout history. Some key points:
1) Balance of power refers to a state of equilibrium or distribution of power among states so that no single state can dominate the others and impose its will.
2) Scholars have defined it as both an equality of power distribution as well as a disequilibrium, with states preferring a balance in their own favor.
3) It has been used to describe a policy, system, status, and symbol in international politics throughout the ages from the 15th to 19th centuries.
4) There is no universal agreement on its precise meaning as it can refer to
This document outlines the process and tasks for students to collaboratively create the identity of a fictional nation. It involves selecting leadership roles, brainstorming geographic details, agreeing on a country name, determining national personality traits, and assigning homework to further develop the nation's identity through symbols and history. Students will vote on the results and work to build a sense of shared national identity and civic responsibility through this participatory classroom experience.
This document discusses George Lipsitz's book "The Possessive Investment in Whiteness" and some of the key concepts and arguments it puts forth. Lipsitz uses the concept of "possessive investment in whiteness" to explain how whiteness generates advantages that are often invisible, such as preferential access to housing and job opportunities. He argues that systemic racism in areas like housing, education, employment, and environmental policy have created social and economic inequalities between white people and people of color in the U.S. The document asks questions about how Lipsitz characterizes white and minority experiences of race in America and how this relates to narratives of meritocracy and progress.
International Relations Theory outlines three main perspectives - Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism. Realism views states as seeking power and security above all else, competing in a zero-sum system. Liberalism acknowledges other actors beyond states and believes cooperation is possible. Constructivism sees states' interests shaped by their unique histories and cultures. The document recommends blending theories, as no single perspective can fully explain complex international dynamics.
This document provides an overview and critique of realism and liberalism as international relations theories. It notes that realism views states as rational actors seeking power and security, with a competitive human nature. Realism is criticized for ignoring non-state actors and non-military forces. Liberalism emphasizes interaction between states and other actors as leading to a more cooperative world, but is critiqued for downplaying the importance of wars and reducing predictability. The document concludes by framing an evaluation of structural realism and liberalism, suggesting strengths and weaknesses be weighed with supporting evidence.
2013-2014 International Relations Lecture Slidesabhishekmaity
The document outlines topics that will be covered in a course on global affairs and politics. It includes 14 sections that will be covered: introduction, nation states, types of governments, asking the right questions, thinking strategically about world politics, the evolution of political theories, nationalism, globalization and transnationalism, international organizations, national power and diplomacy, international law and morality, national and international security, international political economy and cooperation, and human rights, the environment and technology. The document provides an overview of the scope and content of the course.
The document discusses the concept of balance of power in international relations. It provides definitions from various scholars throughout history. Some key points:
1) Balance of power refers to a state of equilibrium or distribution of power among states so that no single state can dominate the others and impose its will.
2) Scholars have defined it as both an equality of power distribution as well as a disequilibrium, with states preferring a balance in their own favor.
3) It has been used to describe a policy, system, status, and symbol in international politics throughout the ages from the 15th to 19th centuries.
4) There is no universal agreement on its precise meaning as it can refer to
This document outlines the process and tasks for students to collaboratively create the identity of a fictional nation. It involves selecting leadership roles, brainstorming geographic details, agreeing on a country name, determining national personality traits, and assigning homework to further develop the nation's identity through symbols and history. Students will vote on the results and work to build a sense of shared national identity and civic responsibility through this participatory classroom experience.
This document discusses George Lipsitz's book "The Possessive Investment in Whiteness" and some of the key concepts and arguments it puts forth. Lipsitz uses the concept of "possessive investment in whiteness" to explain how whiteness generates advantages that are often invisible, such as preferential access to housing and job opportunities. He argues that systemic racism in areas like housing, education, employment, and environmental policy have created social and economic inequalities between white people and people of color in the U.S. The document asks questions about how Lipsitz characterizes white and minority experiences of race in America and how this relates to narratives of meritocracy and progress.
Game theory is used to model strategic decision making between players. It assumes players are rational and make decisions to maximize their payoffs. Games are represented using matrices that show players' strategies and corresponding payoffs. Key concepts include Nash equilibrium, where each player's strategy is the best response to other players' strategies so no player wants to deviate unilaterally. Examples include the Prisoner's Dilemma and coordination games.
This document provides a summary of a university lecture on international politics concepts. It discusses three basic concepts for analyzing international relations: actors, goals, and instruments. It also covers the prisoner's dilemma game and the security dilemma concept. Finally, it discusses how cooperation between countries is possible through concepts like the stag hunt game and the development of international society through international organizations and non-governmental organizations.
1. This document provides solutions to end-of-topic questions for an engineering physics course. It addresses topics like rotational motion, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanical oscillations. Sample problems are worked through across various subject areas of physics. Key concepts discussed include centripetal acceleration, conservation of angular momentum, adiabatic processes, Bernoulli's equation, resonance, and damping in oscillatory systems.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengertian nilai dan norma serta peranannya dalam masyarakat. Nilai merupakan konsep yang menunjuk pada hal-hal yang dianggap berharga sedangkan norma adalah aturan yang mengarahkan perilaku anggota masyarakat. Keduanya berperan untuk mengatur tingkah laku dan menciptakan ketertiban dalam masyarakat.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de carga para transporte, incluyendo carga pesada, carga refrigerada y carga por volumen, así como el transporte económico de mercancías.
The document provides an overview of a class lecture on the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece. It summarizes key events leading up to the war, including rising tensions between the two city-states and their respective alliances as Athens' power and influence grew. The war lasted from 431 to 404 BCE and resulted in Athens surrendering and losing its empire, leaving all of Greece poorer. Realist theories are discussed as explanations for the causes of the war, focusing on the security dilemma as Athens and Sparta engaged in an arms race out of fear and insecurity regarding each other's growing military power.
Read the full presentation of the Research Paper presented at the International Conference on Extrusion and Benchmark, organized by the University of Bologna (October 3-5th 2011).
Evidence based time and costs savings for die makers and extruders.
Reduce die knock-off rate and die trials in press thanks to Thango®, the new SW-HW integrated system for die designs and correction feedbacks management, remote correction support.
国際政治基礎A SPRING 2015 CLASS 11 LECTURE 9HStevenGreen
This document discusses the concepts of hard power and soft power in international relations. Hard power refers to the use or threat of military and economic means to influence other states. Military hard power includes the ability to wage war or coerce others through threats of force. Economic hard power can involve sanctions, trade access, or foreign aid. Soft power arises from a state's culture, values and ideals that make other states want to emulate it. The US is cited as having significant soft power from its popular culture, education system and ideals of democracy. Some criticisms of soft power are discussed, questioning whether cultural attraction truly translates into political influence.
Este documento discute el cambio organizacional, definiéndolo como la capacidad de adaptación de las organizaciones a los cambios internos y externos mediante el aprendizaje. Explica que los cambios surgen de fuerzas internas y externas y describe objetivos, ventajas y desventajas del cambio organizacional. Finalmente, analiza la aplicación del cambio en las empresas para mejorar el desempeño a través de la modificación de procesos y estructuras.
बालक्लब लोकतान्त्रिक परिपाटी अभ्यास गर्ने स्थानRamesh Bhandari
1) AfnSnas are places where children can gather to develop physically, mentally and intellectually through organized activities and programs.
2) They allow children to work together on large projects, learn life skills through creative activities, and collectively voice their concerns.
3) AfnSnas play an important role in children's rights, development and protection by creating awareness, addressing problems, and advocating for children's issues in communities and with local authorities.
This document contains notes from an international politics class taught by Professor H. Steven Green at Toyo University. The notes cover several key concepts:
1. International politics involves the interactions between states in an international system without a central governing authority.
2. International politics can be studied at the individual, state, and systemic levels using theories like realism, liberalism, and constructivism.
3. Domestic politics differs from international politics in that international politics lacks consistent law, a monopoly on force, and a shared community with common values.
Este documento trata sobre el cambio organizacional. Define el cambio organizacional como la capacidad de adaptación de las organizaciones a los cambios internos y externos mediante el aprendizaje. Explica que los cambios se originan por fuerzas internas y externas. Los objetivos del cambio organizacional incluyen alinear la organización estratégicamente y administrar el cambio mediante metodologías para lograr que las personas trabajen de manera más eficiente. También discute las ventajas y desventajas del cambio organizacional y cómo se puede aplicar en una empresa.
Thango : Extrusion cost savings - public presentationThango
Discover the features of Thango(C): the new SW-HW integrated system that allows consistent cost savings in the die correction and die seign process management! Let's Thango together! Start saving now by joining our team of International Thango users.
www.aluthango.com, thango@aluthango.com
आर्थिक–सामाजिक अधिकारप्रति प्रतिवद्धताः न्यायमा महिलाको पहु“चको सुनिश्चितता विषयक नवौं राष्ट्रिय परामर्श गोष्ठी
मेरो शरीर ः मेरो अधिकार कार्यशाला
द्रुत न्याय प्रणाली र न्यायमा महिलाको पहुँच
संक्रमणकालीन न्यायः महिलाको दृष्टिकोणबाट
गर्भपतनसम्बन्धी बढ्दो निन्दा ः महिलाको स्वास्थ्य र हितका लागि चुनौती]
सामाजिक लेखा परीक्षण
चौथो महिला सामाजिक मञ्च
दहेज तथा महिला हिंसा न्युनीकरणका लागि हाम्रो भूमिका
वैदेशिक रोजगारलाई सुरक्षित बनाउन सरोकारवालाहरूको भूमिका
The English project requires students to create a PowerPoint presentation about an aspect of the Victorian Age such as Queen Victoria, the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution, women or fashion. Students must also write a paper about the life and works of Wilkie Collins, focusing on his novel "The Woman in White." Useful links are provided to research the Victorian era.
This document provides a summary of the first lecture in a university course on fundamental concepts of international politics. It introduces some key terms and concepts through examples and a quiz. The lecture covered five basic concepts for understanding international politics: 1) Anarchy in the international system with no world government, 2) Balance of power among states, 3) Role of international organizations, 4) Benefits of free trade, and 5) Impact of values and beliefs. The goals of the course are to learn important facts and ideas about international politics and relations in a systematic way to advance English skills.
IP FALL 2015 Class 1 国際政治基礎B fall 2015 class 1 part 1HStevenGreen
This document provides an overview and introduction to the topic of international politics. It begins with a brief quiz to assess the reader's existing knowledge. It then defines some key terms, including that international politics describes the relationships between sovereign states in the international system. There is no overarching world government, leading to a state of anarchy. States focus on security and maintaining a balance of power. International organizations are discussed as places where states can cooperate and exchange information. Free trade is explained as a driver of global economic growth. The document concludes by outlining some theoretical perspectives on the role of power, cooperation, and ideas in international politics.
An initiative to campaign for sustainable peace and developmentRamesh Bhandari
This document outlines the objectives and activities of WOREC, a human rights organization in Nepal. WOREC's main objectives are to ensure sustainable peace, democracy, justice and human rights through advocacy, capacity building, and empowerment of youth, women and marginalized groups. WOREC implements initiatives such as awareness raising, training, case documentation, legal support, counseling, and advocacy campaigns to achieve its goals of promoting inclusive and gender-friendly policies, transitional justice, and a culture of non-violence.
This document summarizes the key topics covered in a lecture on Western political thought. The lecture discusses various political and international relations theories such as realism, liberalism, constructivism, and feminism. It also covers related concepts like taxes, manifest destiny, collective security, and the declining prevalence of war. The summaries briefly outline the core ideas and assumptions of each theory or concept addressed in the lecture.
This document contains notes from an introductory sociology course taught by Dr. Li-chin Huang. It includes an introduction to sociology concepts like critical thinking, social structures, and sociological perspectives. It also outlines the course topics like foundations of society, social institutions, and social change. Key sociological paradigms and theories are discussed as analytical tools to help students think critically about society. Bloom's taxonomy of learning and methods for developing critical thinking skills are presented.
Game theory is used to model strategic decision making between players. It assumes players are rational and make decisions to maximize their payoffs. Games are represented using matrices that show players' strategies and corresponding payoffs. Key concepts include Nash equilibrium, where each player's strategy is the best response to other players' strategies so no player wants to deviate unilaterally. Examples include the Prisoner's Dilemma and coordination games.
This document provides a summary of a university lecture on international politics concepts. It discusses three basic concepts for analyzing international relations: actors, goals, and instruments. It also covers the prisoner's dilemma game and the security dilemma concept. Finally, it discusses how cooperation between countries is possible through concepts like the stag hunt game and the development of international society through international organizations and non-governmental organizations.
1. This document provides solutions to end-of-topic questions for an engineering physics course. It addresses topics like rotational motion, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and mechanical oscillations. Sample problems are worked through across various subject areas of physics. Key concepts discussed include centripetal acceleration, conservation of angular momentum, adiabatic processes, Bernoulli's equation, resonance, and damping in oscillatory systems.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengertian nilai dan norma serta peranannya dalam masyarakat. Nilai merupakan konsep yang menunjuk pada hal-hal yang dianggap berharga sedangkan norma adalah aturan yang mengarahkan perilaku anggota masyarakat. Keduanya berperan untuk mengatur tingkah laku dan menciptakan ketertiban dalam masyarakat.
Este documento describe diferentes tipos de carga para transporte, incluyendo carga pesada, carga refrigerada y carga por volumen, así como el transporte económico de mercancías.
The document provides an overview of a class lecture on the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece. It summarizes key events leading up to the war, including rising tensions between the two city-states and their respective alliances as Athens' power and influence grew. The war lasted from 431 to 404 BCE and resulted in Athens surrendering and losing its empire, leaving all of Greece poorer. Realist theories are discussed as explanations for the causes of the war, focusing on the security dilemma as Athens and Sparta engaged in an arms race out of fear and insecurity regarding each other's growing military power.
Read the full presentation of the Research Paper presented at the International Conference on Extrusion and Benchmark, organized by the University of Bologna (October 3-5th 2011).
Evidence based time and costs savings for die makers and extruders.
Reduce die knock-off rate and die trials in press thanks to Thango®, the new SW-HW integrated system for die designs and correction feedbacks management, remote correction support.
国際政治基礎A SPRING 2015 CLASS 11 LECTURE 9HStevenGreen
This document discusses the concepts of hard power and soft power in international relations. Hard power refers to the use or threat of military and economic means to influence other states. Military hard power includes the ability to wage war or coerce others through threats of force. Economic hard power can involve sanctions, trade access, or foreign aid. Soft power arises from a state's culture, values and ideals that make other states want to emulate it. The US is cited as having significant soft power from its popular culture, education system and ideals of democracy. Some criticisms of soft power are discussed, questioning whether cultural attraction truly translates into political influence.
Este documento discute el cambio organizacional, definiéndolo como la capacidad de adaptación de las organizaciones a los cambios internos y externos mediante el aprendizaje. Explica que los cambios surgen de fuerzas internas y externas y describe objetivos, ventajas y desventajas del cambio organizacional. Finalmente, analiza la aplicación del cambio en las empresas para mejorar el desempeño a través de la modificación de procesos y estructuras.
बालक्लब लोकतान्त्रिक परिपाटी अभ्यास गर्ने स्थानRamesh Bhandari
1) AfnSnas are places where children can gather to develop physically, mentally and intellectually through organized activities and programs.
2) They allow children to work together on large projects, learn life skills through creative activities, and collectively voice their concerns.
3) AfnSnas play an important role in children's rights, development and protection by creating awareness, addressing problems, and advocating for children's issues in communities and with local authorities.
This document contains notes from an international politics class taught by Professor H. Steven Green at Toyo University. The notes cover several key concepts:
1. International politics involves the interactions between states in an international system without a central governing authority.
2. International politics can be studied at the individual, state, and systemic levels using theories like realism, liberalism, and constructivism.
3. Domestic politics differs from international politics in that international politics lacks consistent law, a monopoly on force, and a shared community with common values.
Este documento trata sobre el cambio organizacional. Define el cambio organizacional como la capacidad de adaptación de las organizaciones a los cambios internos y externos mediante el aprendizaje. Explica que los cambios se originan por fuerzas internas y externas. Los objetivos del cambio organizacional incluyen alinear la organización estratégicamente y administrar el cambio mediante metodologías para lograr que las personas trabajen de manera más eficiente. También discute las ventajas y desventajas del cambio organizacional y cómo se puede aplicar en una empresa.
Thango : Extrusion cost savings - public presentationThango
Discover the features of Thango(C): the new SW-HW integrated system that allows consistent cost savings in the die correction and die seign process management! Let's Thango together! Start saving now by joining our team of International Thango users.
www.aluthango.com, thango@aluthango.com
आर्थिक–सामाजिक अधिकारप्रति प्रतिवद्धताः न्यायमा महिलाको पहु“चको सुनिश्चितता विषयक नवौं राष्ट्रिय परामर्श गोष्ठी
मेरो शरीर ः मेरो अधिकार कार्यशाला
द्रुत न्याय प्रणाली र न्यायमा महिलाको पहुँच
संक्रमणकालीन न्यायः महिलाको दृष्टिकोणबाट
गर्भपतनसम्बन्धी बढ्दो निन्दा ः महिलाको स्वास्थ्य र हितका लागि चुनौती]
सामाजिक लेखा परीक्षण
चौथो महिला सामाजिक मञ्च
दहेज तथा महिला हिंसा न्युनीकरणका लागि हाम्रो भूमिका
वैदेशिक रोजगारलाई सुरक्षित बनाउन सरोकारवालाहरूको भूमिका
The English project requires students to create a PowerPoint presentation about an aspect of the Victorian Age such as Queen Victoria, the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution, women or fashion. Students must also write a paper about the life and works of Wilkie Collins, focusing on his novel "The Woman in White." Useful links are provided to research the Victorian era.
This document provides a summary of the first lecture in a university course on fundamental concepts of international politics. It introduces some key terms and concepts through examples and a quiz. The lecture covered five basic concepts for understanding international politics: 1) Anarchy in the international system with no world government, 2) Balance of power among states, 3) Role of international organizations, 4) Benefits of free trade, and 5) Impact of values and beliefs. The goals of the course are to learn important facts and ideas about international politics and relations in a systematic way to advance English skills.
IP FALL 2015 Class 1 国際政治基礎B fall 2015 class 1 part 1HStevenGreen
This document provides an overview and introduction to the topic of international politics. It begins with a brief quiz to assess the reader's existing knowledge. It then defines some key terms, including that international politics describes the relationships between sovereign states in the international system. There is no overarching world government, leading to a state of anarchy. States focus on security and maintaining a balance of power. International organizations are discussed as places where states can cooperate and exchange information. Free trade is explained as a driver of global economic growth. The document concludes by outlining some theoretical perspectives on the role of power, cooperation, and ideas in international politics.
An initiative to campaign for sustainable peace and developmentRamesh Bhandari
This document outlines the objectives and activities of WOREC, a human rights organization in Nepal. WOREC's main objectives are to ensure sustainable peace, democracy, justice and human rights through advocacy, capacity building, and empowerment of youth, women and marginalized groups. WOREC implements initiatives such as awareness raising, training, case documentation, legal support, counseling, and advocacy campaigns to achieve its goals of promoting inclusive and gender-friendly policies, transitional justice, and a culture of non-violence.
This document summarizes the key topics covered in a lecture on Western political thought. The lecture discusses various political and international relations theories such as realism, liberalism, constructivism, and feminism. It also covers related concepts like taxes, manifest destiny, collective security, and the declining prevalence of war. The summaries briefly outline the core ideas and assumptions of each theory or concept addressed in the lecture.
This document contains notes from an introductory sociology course taught by Dr. Li-chin Huang. It includes an introduction to sociology concepts like critical thinking, social structures, and sociological perspectives. It also outlines the course topics like foundations of society, social institutions, and social change. Key sociological paradigms and theories are discussed as analytical tools to help students think critically about society. Bloom's taxonomy of learning and methods for developing critical thinking skills are presented.
This document summarizes a lecture about national interests and the international system. It discusses different views of what constitutes a national interest from realist and liberal perspectives. It also examines how national interests can vary in intensity from survival issues to more peripheral matters. Additionally, the document outlines two reasons why the international system maintains stability despite its anarchic structure: the strong social fabric between states formed by norms and institutions, and the role of international organizations in facilitating cooperation.
Theories of International Relations-IntroductionKeshab Giri
The document provides an overview of international relations theories including realism, liberalism, and recent trends. It summarizes key concepts from classical and neo realism such as the assumptions of human nature and states operating under anarchy. Neo-liberal institutionalism and its focus on the conditions under which states can cooperate is discussed. Recent theories of international conflict and cooperation explained include bargaining theory of war, alliance theory, diversionary theory of war, democratic peace theory, hegemonic stability theory, and rational design theory. The document concludes with questions about which theories may help explain specific international events.
Slide 1 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
International relations(Introduction and its Theories)Wathan Lin
This document provides an overview of key theories in international relations, including realism, liberalism, Marxism, and constructivism. It discusses the main assumptions and policy prescriptions of each theory. Realism focuses on state power and security, seeing states as rational actors. Liberalism emphasizes international cooperation and institutions. Marxism views the international system as perpetuating capitalist exploitation. Constructivism examines how state identities and non-state actors shape international politics. The document aims to describe, explain, and predict international relations from the perspectives of different theoretical approaches.
Fundamental concepts of international politics spring 2015 class 14 lect 12HStevenGreen
This document outlines key concepts from a lecture on paradigms and theories in international politics. It discusses realism and liberalism as the main paradigms. Within realism, it covers different schools of thought and hegemonic stability theory. It also discusses the importance of understanding theories to analyze international events. Liberalism is presented as having variants focused on economics, institutions, and regimes. Theories are said to simplify reality and help identify patterns.
This document outlines several session ideas and discussion topics for teachers to use when exploring PREVENT-related issues with students. It proposes discussing equality, inequality, stereotypes and prejudice, influences, extremist behavior, and conducting a case study about refugees. Sample discussion questions, activities and teaching tools are provided for each topic. The overall goals are to increase understanding of these difficult themes, challenge preconceptions, and design curriculum that addresses the needs of the school community regarding PREVENT responsibilities.
What Is Textual Analysis Essay Sitedoct.OrgJames Heller
The document outlines the steps to request writing assistance from HelpWriting.net, including creating an account, providing assignment details, reviewing writer bids, authorizing payment, and requesting revisions if needed. It emphasizes providing a sample of previous work for the writer to imitate style, and notes HelpWriting.net stands by providing original, high-quality content or offering a full refund.
Essay Prompts For Huckleberry Finn. Online assignment writing service.Courtney Hurst
The document provides instructions for requesting essay writing help from the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, and the website guarantees original, high-quality work with refunds for plagiarism.
Approaches and historical analysis of IR.pptxUsmanKaran
This document provides an overview of international relations and the evolution of the modern nation state system. It discusses how the nation state system emerged in Europe following the Thirty Years' War and the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, which enshrined the principles of state sovereignty and non-intervention. The treaty helped establish the modern system of independent nation states and shift control over religion from the Catholic Church to individual sovereign rulers. While the nation state system has provided stability and autonomy, it now faces challenges from issues like globalization, terrorism, and regional organizations that are blurring state boundaries in an increasingly interdependent world.
Uconn College Essay Examples. Online assignment writing service.Heather Brown
This case study examines a disagreement between the director and chairman of the Midwestern Contemporary Art Museum over how to spend funds. The director Keith Schmidt had ambitious plans but faced skepticism from Chairman Peter Smith and the board. Their differing approaches caused tensions, and Smith ultimately withdrew his $5 million pledge. The new chairperson Peggy Fischer must now address the museum's financial issues and try to secure the pledged funds.
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This document discusses citizenship and civic participation. It begins by defining three types of citizens: rights-based citizens who ensure government protects rights, community-based citizens who ensure all rights are protected, and action-based citizens who help their community meet diverse needs. Students are asked which type they are and if they are a mix. The document then discusses how values and ideologies influence civic views and actions. Students consider issues they feel passionate about and ways to take political action, such as voting, petitioning, or protesting. Effective protest is defined as having many participants, disrupting everyday life, and personal sacrifice. Digital tools for protest are also discussed. The reading assignment is to read about the role of the citizen from the
Solomon Northup was an African American man living as a free citizen in the 1840s. However, he was kidnapped and sold into slavery. For 12 years, Northup endured the brutal conditions of slavery on plantations in Louisiana until 1853 when he was finally rescued. His story of kidnapping and the injustice of slavery was published in his memoir Twelve Years a Slave, shedding light on the horrific institution and helping to fuel the growing abolitionist movement in the United States.
Social Perception and Social Cognition across CulturesBilal Anwaar
This document discusses several concepts related to social perception and cognition. It defines social perception as how people try to understand others and themselves, and social cognition as how people interpret, remember, and use social information. It also discusses attitudes, values, stereotypes, attribution, dogmatism, cognitive dissonance, and the cognitive balance theory. Cultural differences are noted for some of these concepts. For example, East Asian cultures tend to value hierarchy and conservatism more than Western cultures.
This document provides an overview of ethics and ethical theories. It discusses deontological theories proposed by Immanuel Kant, emphasizing universal rules and treating people as ends. It also discusses consequentialist theories like utilitarianism proposed by John Stuart Mill, emphasizing increasing happiness. It describes debates around natural rights to life, liberty and property. It notes there are no simple answers in ethics and situations often involve complex trade-offs between ethical views.
Chapter 1, Approaches to International Relations.ppt
国際政治基礎A spring 2015 class 5 lect 5
1. Fundamental Concepts
of International Politics
Spring 2013
Prof. H. Steven Green
Toyo University
Faculty of Law
Class 5,Lecture 6
May 11th, 2015
Ethics & Morality in IP,
Just War Doctrine
3. Stag Hunt
• Two hunters can either hunt one stag together or
hunt rabbits separately.
• Stags provide more food, but...
• Hunting a stag is difficult and requires patience and
cooperation.
• It is easy to catch a rabbit, but the rabbit provides
less food.
• The hunters must cooperate to get the most food.
4. Stag Hunt
• Cooperation requires patience and trust.
• Patience: The hunters must wait quietly for a very
long time until a stag comes.
• Trust: It is easy to catch a rabbit, so it is tempting to
quit waiting, hunt a rabbit and enjoy the rest of the
day.
7. Fighting pirates
Different types of governments coordinate to
fight pirates
Other countries
Cooperate
Other countries
Defect
USA
Cooperates
Coordinated fight by
everyone: Decrease in
number of pirate attacks,
lower costs for everyone,
benefits of cooperation.
USA fights without help
(expensive, risky).
Other countries get free benefit
of safer seas (but difficult to get
all pirates.)
USA
Defects
Other countries fight without
help (expensive, dangerous).
USA get free benefit of safer
seas (but difficult to get all
pirates.)
Everyone fights but only when
their own ships are threatened.
Increase in number of pirate
attacks.
8. Six-Party Talks*
North Korea, South Korea, China, Russia, U.S., Japan
• Who are the hunters?
• What is the stag?
• What is the rabbit?
Hunters: SK, C, J, R, US
Stag: Change by NK
Rabbit: NK concessions to one state, but not the
others (family visits for SK, return
kidnapped Japanese citizens, mineral
exploration rights for China, etc.)
*Slides 8-10: CREDIT TO ROBERT KELLEY
https://asiansecurityblog.wordpress.com/2010/04/26/six-party-talks-
as-a-game-theoretic-stag-hunt-1-n-korea-is-the-stag/
9. Six-Party Talks
North Korea, South Korea, China, Russia, U.S., Japan
NK’s strategy: “Divide to survive”: Divide the 5
other states by giving them concessions
separately.
10. Six-Party Talks
North Korea, South Korea, China, Russia, U.S., Japan
US, J, C, SK, R
Cooperate
US, J, C, SK, R
Do not cooperate
US, J, C, SK, R
Cooperate
Change in NK,
greater security in
East Asia
China takes a BIG
rabbit: More
influence for C, less
security for other 4
US, J, C, SK, R
Do not cooperate
China takes a BIG
rabbit: More
influence for C,
less security for
Concessions for
US, J, C, SK, R,
No change in NK
Reduced cooperation
11. Six-Party Talks
North Korea, South Korea, China, Russia, U.S., Japan
• The rabbit China hunts is bigger & tastier than
the stag: Security, influence
12.
13. (4.) ETHICS & IP
•Is morality in the
international
system different
from morality in
states?
19. What if the osumo-san had broken the
train’s brakes? Okay to kill him now?
20. ETHICS AND IP
Ethics in international politics ARE not the same
as ethics in domestic politics
• Is it wrong to kill 1 person in order to save
100?
• Is it wrong to kill one person who has a bomb
that will destroy Tokyo?
• Is it wrong to kill many people in order to save
your country or to stop genocide (大虐殺)?
21. DISCUSSION
What are FOUR reasons why ethics play less of a
role in IP than in domestic politics?
22. ETHICS AND IP
FOUR REASONS ETHICS PLAY LESS OF A ROLE IN
IP THAN IN DOMESTIC POLITICS
1. Weak international consensus about values
(国際的に一致した意見はない)
• Cultural and religious differences
• Examples: whaling (捕鯨), death penalty (死刑)
23. ETHICS AND IP
FOUR REASONS ETHICS PLAY LESS OF A ROLE IN IP
THAN IN DOMESTIC POLITICS
2. States are not individuals:
• Leaders of states are judged as leaders of states,
not as individuals (リーダは、個人ではなく、国の
リーダとして、裁かれる)
• Killing is wrong but…
• Sometimes we want our leaders to tell our army
to kill people
24. ETHICS AND IP
FOUR REASONS ETHICS PLAY LESS OF A ROLE IN
IP THAN IN DOMESTIC POLITICS
3. “Complexity of causation*”
Very difficult to understand which actions(行動)
cause which consequences(結果)
*causation = 原因
25. ETHICS AND IP
FOUR REASONS ETHICS PLAY LESS OF A ROLE IN
IP THAN IN DOMESTIC POLITICS
3. “Complexity of causation” (continued):
• 1933 Oxford debate: Students promise not to
fight for their country Hitler thinks British
people are soft
• READ about the “hamburger argument”
26. ETHICS AND IP
FOUR REASONS ETHICS PLAY LESS OF A ROLE IN
IP THAN IN DOMESTIC POLITICS
4. Less order, so there is less justice in IP
• Justice (公正) requires order (秩序)
• International society does not have enough
institutions to create order (平和と秩序を維持
する国際組織はない)
27. The Role of Morality in IP
Which statement do you agree with and why?
A. Morality in the international system should
be the same as morality in our society.
B. Morality in the international system should
not be the same as morality in our society.
29. 3 Views of the Role of Morality
1. SKEPTICS
2. STATE MORALISTS
3. COSMOPOLITANS
30. 1. SKEPTICS
• Morality has no meaning in IP
because there are no institutions
to provide order
• No sense of community, so
no moral rights and duties
31.
32. Athens and Melos
Athens demands that Melos pay Athens for
protection and help fight Sparta…or die.
• Melians faced a terrible choice:
Die free or live as slaves
• Melians refused. So…
• Athens killed all men, and enslaved all women
and children. (enslave =人を奴隷にする)
34. Should countries take care of their
own problems?
Which statement do you agree with and why?
A. My country should solve its own problems and let
other countries solve their own problems.
A. My country should help other countries to solve
their problems.
35. Should countries take care of their
own problems?
Which statement do you agree with and why?
A. My country should solve its own problems and let
other countries solve their own problems.
A. My country should help other countries to solve
their problems.
36. Should countries take care of their own problems?
Match each country with
the results of the survey.
Britain
France
Germany
Japan
Spain
U.S.
• Pew Research Global
Attitudes Project, 2010
37. Should countries take care of their
own problems?
Which statement do you agree with and why?
A. My country should solve its own problems and let
other countries solve their own problems.
A. My country should help other countries to solve
their problems.
38. Should countries take care of their own problems?
Match each country with
the results of the survey.
Britain
France
Germany
Japan
Spain
U.S.
• Pew Research Global
Attitudes Project, 2010
39. Should countries take care of their own problems?
Match each country with
the results of the survey.
Britain
France
Germany
Japan
Spain
U.S.
• Pew Research Global
Attitudes Project, 2010
40. 2. STATE MORALISTS
• IP is based on society of states
• Protect individuals by protecting state
sovereignty
• People suffer in failed states and states
that are invaded by other countries
41. 3. COSMOPOLITANS
• IP is a society of individuals
• International justice should be justice for
individuals
• National boundaries have no moral
standing
42.
43.
44.
45. IR Theories: REALISM
1. IP is a system of Hobbesian anarchy.
2. States are the most important actors in IP
because they are the most powerful.
3. All international politics is power politics.
4. Power is zero-sum and relative. (If state X has
more power, all other states have less.)
5. We are lucky if we live in a democratic state:
our leaders should maintain our power. (To
do that, sometimes our government has to
cooperate with un-democratic governments.)
46. IR Theories: LIBERALISM
1. Anarchy is a problem but one that can be solved.
2. People are motivated not only by power but also by
security and the desire to live well.
3. States are important, but not the only actors that
matter: there is an international society which
includes other kinds of actors. However…
4. States have the most military and economic power
and should protect their people in an anarchic
world.
5. Democratic states are the best way to provide
security and well-being for their people and more
democratic states = more peace.
47. IR Theories: CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. Anarchy is what states make of it. Leaders’ views of
the international system are constructed by:
• Social structures (社会的な構造), e.g. economic-, legal-,
political systems, etc. of a country.
• Ideas
• Norms (規範)
• Culture
2. States are social constructs, NOT natural. We are not
born Chinese, Japanese, American, French, Dutch, etc.,
but we are taught to be Chinese, etc.
48. Morality and IP Theories
Which IP theory matches which view of morality?
VIEW OF MORALITY IP THEORY
Skeptics ?
State moralists ?
Cosmopolitans ?
49. Morality and IP Theories
Which IP theory matches which view of morality?
VIEW OF MORALITY IP THEORY
Skeptics Realism
State moralists Realism / Liberalism
Cosmopolitans Constructivism
50. Discussion Questions
Is war always wrong?
Why or why not?
If it is not always wrong, when is it okay to kill?
Who is it okay to kill?
How is it okay to kill (e.g. with guns, chemical
weapons, nuclear weapons)?
chemical weapons =化学兵器
51. Is war always wrong?
Was it wrong to kill German
soldiers in World War II?
52. Is war always wrong?
Was it wrong to kill German civilians in WWII?
55. JUST WAR DOCTRINE (正戦論)
Is war always wrong?
St. Augustine (354-430)
• Created first theory of war and
justice.
• Said some wars are necessary
to stop evil.
Saint Augustine in His Study, by Sandro Botticelli, 1480,
Chiesa di Ognissanti, Florence, Italy
56. JUST WAR DOCTRINE (正戦論)
• From Roman & Christian
philosophies
• Secularized(世俗化した) after the
17th Century
• Basic point: Killing is wrong
57. JUST WAR DOCTRINE
Just War Doctrine is NOT pacifism (平和主義)
PACIFISM JUST WAR DOC.
Killing is wrong. Killing is wrong.
Violence creates more violence. ?
Killing is always wrong for any
reason.
?
War is always wrong. ?
58. JUST WAR DOCTRINE
Just War Doctrine is NOT pacifism (平和主義)
PACIFISM JUST WAR DOC.
Killing is wrong. Killing is wrong.
Violence creates more violence. NOT responding to violence
creates more violence.
Killing is always wrong for any
reason.
?
War is always wrong. ?
59. JUST WAR DOCTRINE
Just War Doctrine is NOT pacifism (平和主義)
PACIFISM JUST WAR DOC.
Killing is wrong. Killing is wrong.
Violence creates more violence. NOT responding to violence
creates more violence.
Killing is always wrong for any
reason.
Sometimes killing is necessary:
Reasons are important.
War is always wrong. ?
60. JUST WAR DOCTRINE
Just War Doctrine is NOT pacifism (平和主義)
PACIFISM JUST WAR DOC.
Killing is wrong. Killing is wrong.
Violence creates more violence. NOT responding to violence
creates more violence.
Killing is always wrong for any
reason.
Sometimes killing is necessary:
Reasons are important.
War is always wrong. Wars is sometimes necessary
for justice (正義).
Rules for “just wars.”
61. Are Japanese pacifist?
Think about the popularity of Article 9 of Japan’s
constitution (憲法第9条).
Do most Japanese believe in pacifism?
OR
Do most Japanese believe in Just War Doctrine ?
63. JUST WAR DOCTRINE
Two principles of just war doctrine:
jus ad bellum
• When the use of force is moral
jus in bello
• How to use force morally
64. jus ad bellum
5 conditions when it is okay to use force
1. Just cause (正しい動機)
2. Right intention(正しい意図)
3. Legitimate authority(正統な権威)
4. Last resort(最後の手段)
5. Reasonable chance of success (成功につい
ての妥当な可能性)
65. jus in bello
3 Principles for using force
1. Observe the laws of war(戦時国際法の遵守)
2. Maintain proportionality (「敵の用いる手段との」
均衡の維持)
3. Obverse the principle of noncombantant
immunity, i.e. avoid killing civilians(非戦闘員を
危険にさらさない原則である)
66. JUST WAR DOCTRINE, 6
Why terrorism is wrong:
• Immoral (不道徳的)to kill non-combatants (非戦闘
員)
• Terrorists TRY to kill non-combatants.
• Even if you agree with the terrorists’ reasons….
• it is wrong to kill non-combatants for ANY reason
67. JUST WAR DOCTRINE, 7
• Skeptics are wrong to say there are no
moral choices in war
• Morality is about making choices
• Survival depends on choices
• Large threat => Less choice
68. See you next week!
DON’T BE LATE!!!!
• Study with your friends.
• If you study, this test will NOT be difficult.
REMEMBER:
Good luck is
the result of
good
planning!