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A Short History Of Internet
The document provides a brief history of the Internet from 1969 to 2009, highlighting several important milestones: - The origins of the Internet as a US military network called ARPANET in 1969. - The development of electronic mail in 1972 and the first spam message the same year. - The invention of the World Wide Web in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee, allowing web pages to be linked together via hyperlinks. - Explosive growth of the Internet during the 1990s and 2000s, with the number of Internet users increasing by over 300,000% between 1969 and 2009.
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A Short History Of Internet
- 1. “ A shorthistory of Internet” Hans Maltha Managing Partner hans@yes2web.nl Yes2web.nl 03.09.09 1969 1972 1976 1978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 2. 1969 19721976 1978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Bomb Proof Comunnications Network
- 3. 1969 1972 1976 1978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 QWERTYUIOP. Bolt Beranek & Ray Tomlinso
- 4. 1969 1972 1976 1978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Hello World!
- 5. 1969 1972 1976 1978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 349.8 BILLION In 2008 First Spam 1972
- 6. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Scott Fahlman
- 7. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Tim Berners-Lee
- 8. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 9. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 341,634% Annual Growth
- 10. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 "The Internet? We are not interested in it” Bill Gates, 1993
- 11. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 “ Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web ”
- 12. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 HERO ZERO Market share 2008 0,8% Revenue 2008 19.166 billion
- 13. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 BROWSERWARS
- 14. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 BROWSERWARS
- 15. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 16. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 $23 billion (2004)
- 17. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Yes2web was founded: 26.4 million users worldwide
- 18. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 NASDAQ lost 78% of its value $188 million in 6 months Share price from $80 to less then $1 in one year Burnt $ 375 million dollar in two years
- 19. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 $182 billion
- 20. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 200 million active users 2009
- 21. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 Yes2web changes logo: 3 billion photo’s
- 22. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 $ 580 million
- 23. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 24. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 @Yes2web TWITTER! monthly growth of 1382% March 2009
- 25. 1.234 December,2008 3.350.000 August, 2009 1969 1972 1976 1978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 26. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009 15% Uses internet on the mobile in the Netherlands Yes2web team grows:
- 27. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 28. 1969 1972 19761978 1982 1989 1993 1994 1995 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2004 2005 2006 2008 2009
- 29. The Future? www.yes2web .nl
Editor's Notes
- #3 The first node is connected to the internet's military ancestor, ARPANET. With no HQ and the ability to bounce messages between surviving nodes until they reach their destination, ARPANET was intended to be America's bomb-proof communications network at the height of the Cold War.
- #4 Bolt Beranek and Newman computer engineer Ray Tomlinson invents email by adapting an internal messaging program and extending it to use the ARPANET to send messages between sites. The text of that first electronic missive consisted of "something like QWERTYUIOP.” The email was sent from one computer to another computer sitting right beside it in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but it traveled via ARPANET.
- #5 The Queen Elizabeth sends an email from the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment in Malvern.
- #6 Gary Thuerk sends what is widely considered to be the first spam message , promoting DEC. The sender is identified as Gary Thuerk, an aggressive DEC marketer who thought Arpanet users would find it cool that DEC had integrated Arpanet protocol support directly into the new DEC-20 and TOPS-20 OS. In 2008 almost 94% of all emails is spam.
- #7 Scott Fahlman kick-starts smiley-culture by suggesting using the :-) and :-( smileys to convey emotions in emails.
- #8 Tim Berners-Lee and the team at CERN invent the World Wide Web to make information easier to publish and access on the internet.
- #9 Marc Andreesen of the National Center for SuperComputer Applications (NSCA) in the US launches web-browser Mosaic. It introduces proprietary HTML tags and more sophisticated image capabilities. The browser is a massive success and businesses start to notice the web's potential
- #10 Andreesen goes on to develop the Netscape web browser. Netscape Navigator was later developed by many of the original Mosaic authors; however, it intentionally shared no code with Mosaic. Netscape Navigator's code descendant was Mozilla. Scholars consider Mosaic to be the web browser which led to the Internet boom of the 1990s. The World Wide Web's annual growth is now at a staggering 341,634%.
- #11 "The Internet? We are not interested in it" - Bill Gates, 1993
- #12 Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web is renamed Yahoo! and receives 100,000 visitors. In 1995, it begins displaying adverts. In January 1994, Jerry Yang and David Filo were Electrical Engineering graduate students at Stanford University. In April 1994, "Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web" was renamed "Yahoo!", for which the official backronym is "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”. Filo and Yang said they selected the name because they liked the word's general definition, which comes from Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift: "rude, unsophisticated and uncouth”. Its URL was akebono.stanford.edu/yahoo.
- #13 Digital Equipment Corporation's Research lab launches search engine Alta Vista , which it claims can store and index the HTML from every internet page. It also introduces the first multilingual search. In February 2003, AltaVista was bought by Overture Services, Inc.[10] In July 2003, Overture itself was taken over by Yahoo!. AltaVista's site was an immediate success. Traffic increased steadily from 300,000 hits on the first day to more than 80 million hits a day two years later. In a surprise move, Overture purchased AltaVista in February 2003 for a knockdown price of $140m, compared to its valuation of $2.3bn three years previously. Jeff Bezos launches Amazon.com , an online bookseller that pioneers ecommerce. Revenue▲ US$ 19.166 billion (2008) . Amazon's initial business plan was unusual: the company did not expect a profit for four to five years; the strategy was effective.
- #14 The browser wars begin. Microsoft sees the internet as a threat and integrates Internet Explorer with Windows. Netscape and Microsoft go head-to-head, intensively developing and releasing upgrades to their browsers.
- #15 The browser wars begin. Microsoft sees the internet as a threat and integrates Internet Explorer with Windows. Netscape and Microsoft go head-to-head, intensively developing and releasing upgrades to their browsers.
- #16 Macromedia Flash 1.0 launches to add interactive animation to webpages. Early adopters include Disney and MSN. FutureSplash Animator was a software product for creating vector-based animations, the predecessor of Flash. It was developed by FutureWave Software, a small software company whose first product, SmartSketch, was a vector-based drawing program for pen-based computers. In 1995, the company decided that they should add animation capabilities to their product and deploy it over the burgeoning World Wide Web. The only way to create such animations on the web at the time was through the use of Java, but this was quickly replaced with the debut of Netscape's plug-in architecture. The product was released as FutureSplash Animator in May 1996.
- #17 Google arrives. It pioneers a ranking system that uses links to assess a website's popularity. Google's simple design is soothing while existing search engines cram their pages with animated adverts. Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were students at Stanford University and the company was first incorporated as a privately held company on September 4, 1998. The initial public offering took place on August 19, 2004, raising $1.67 billion, implying a value for the entire corporation of $23 billion. Their search engine was originally nicknamed "BackRub" because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.
- #18 Shawn Fanning launches Napster . The peer-to-peer software enables internet users to swap MP3 music files stored on their computers and to find each other through a central directory. Record labels are furious. By July 2001, they had effectively stopped Napster operating. ( See my history of file sharing ). Only two years! Napster use peaked with 26.4 million users worldwide in February 2001. Yes2web was founded
- #19 The dotcom bust. After several years of venture capitalists throwing money at proposals with 'internet' on the cover, it all starts unravelling as many of these businesses fail to find a market and others realise they don't have a business plan. The dot-com bubble burst, numerically, on March 10, 2000, when the technology heavy NASDAQ Composite index peaked at 5,048.62 (intra-day peak 5,132.52), more than double its value just a year before. Percentage Lost From Peak to Bottom: The Nasdaq Composite lost 78% of its value as it fell from 5046.86 to 1114.11. Boo.com, spent $188 million in just six months[19] in an attempt create a global online fashion store. Went bankrupt in May 2000.[20] eToys: share price went from the $80 reached during its IPO in May 1999[23] to less than $1 when it declared bankruptcy in February 2001.[24] InfoSpace - In March 2000 this stock reached a price $1,305 per share,[31] but by April 2001 its price had crashed down to $22 a share The Learning Company, bought by Mattel in 1999 for $3.5 billion, sold for $27.3 million in 2000[32] Webvan - In a mere 18 months, it raised $375 million in an IPO, expanded from the San Francisco Bay Area to eight U.S. cities, and built a gigantic infrastructure from the ground up (including a $1 billion order for a group of high-tech warehouses). Webvan came to be worth $1.2 billion (or $30 per share at its peak), and it touted a 26-city expansion plan. But considering that the grocery business has razor-thin margins to begin with, it was never able to attract enough customers to justify its spending spree. The company closed in July 2001, putting 2,000 out of work and leaving San Francisco's new ballpark with a Webvan cup holder at every seat.
- #20 (january 11)- US regulators approve the merger of AOL and Time Warner. Shareholders of relative upstart AOL own 55% of the new company. AOL started in 1985 and grew its modest internet connection business into one of the world's biggest media companies. NEW YORK (CNNfn) - In a stunning development, America Online Inc. announced plans to acquire Time Warner Inc. for roughly $182 billion in stock and debt Monday, creating a digital media powerhouse with the potential to reach every American in one form or another. With dominating positions in the music, publishing, news, entertainment, cable and Internet industries, the combined company, called AOL Time Warner, will boast unrivaled assets among other media and online companies. The merger, the largest deal in history, combines the nation’s top internet service provider with the world’s top media conglomerate. The deal also validates the Internet’s role as a leader in the new world economy, while redefining what the next generation of digital-based leaders will look like. Yes2web: kantoor mijnbouw
- #21 Mark Zuckerberg launches Facebook at Harvard University. Within three years, the social networking site has 30 million members. By 2009, Facebook boasts of over 200 million active users (those who have logged in in the last 30 days).
- #22 Photo sharing website Flickr is born, coinciding with the rise in digital photography. (Kodak discontinues reloadable film cameras in Western Europe and North America in this year.)
- #23 Old media has been slow to catch up with new media. Rupert Murdoch's News Corp responds by buying Intermix Media , owner of Myspace.com, for $580 million (£332.85 million) and ITV acquires FriendsReunited for £120 million (about £8 per user)
- #24 Twitter is created. In stark contrast to the proliferation of lengthy blog posts online, Twitter messages are limited to 140 characters.
- #25 Twitter is created. In stark contrast to the proliferation of lengthy blog posts online, Twitter messages are limited to 140 characters.
- #26 Actor Ashton Kutcher becomes the first person on Twitter to have a million followers subscribing to his 'tweets’ on 17 april 2009.
- #27 The mobile web reaches critical mass for advertising, according to Nielsen Mobile (PDF) . In the US, there are 95 million mobile internet subscribers and 40 million active users. US mobile penetration is 15.6%, compared to 12.9% in the UK. Mobile internet generated $1.7 billion in revenue in the first quarter of 2008.
- #29 17,000 website domains a day are being added to the Internet