This document outlines a roadmap for integrating regional airspace management in East Africa. It reviews relevant policy frameworks and laws, as well as air traffic management systems. Case studies on existing models like ASECNA, Eurocontrol and SESAR are presented. Current integration initiatives like the ICAO AFI Plan, efforts among AFI ANSPs, and the COMESA airspace integration project are discussed. The document proposes that further research is needed to inform policymaking on issues like adopting new technologies, international harmonization, enhancing aviation safety, and managing environmental impacts to achieve the goals of improved safety, efficiency and meeting future traffic demands.
Safe and sustainable aviation in africa; alignment of policies, regulation an...Dung Rwang Pam
Aviation is considered a vital tool for economic development in Africa. This becomes more critical considering the level of surface transport development across the continent. It generated around 450,000 jobs and contributed more than $10 billion USD to Africa’s GDP in 2007 (ATAG) . While air transport plays an important role in itself, its main role is to facilitate economic activity. Unfortunately, the region has suffered a history of high airline failure rates, poor infrastructure and an accident rate that is 8 times the global average. A major challenge now facing the continent is the lack of sustainable levels of the requisite, skilled workforce at all levels. This is necessary to steer the course of both governance and industry. The global community through various government and non-governmental agencies has proffered a plethora of initiatives and interventions, designed to redress the situation. However, the successes recorded through these efforts have been marginal.
It is time Africa learns from its past mistakes and focuses on achieving safe, sustainable, reliable and efficient air travel. It must be supported by sound infrastructure and concern for the environment. If the continent is at all serious about aviation, urgent steps must be put in place. These must include the following criteria which must to be strategically laid out in a detailed policy and supported by legal processes that will aid successful implementation.
• Governments must be transparent, accountable and guided by democratic principles.
• Transformational leadership should result in social and political stability that will create the suitable environment for regional economic integration.
• This integration will be easier to achieve if the region aligns its aviation policies and regulations to optimise the workforce available.
• All member States must pool resources to invest in infrastructure, aircraft acquisitions, fuel purchase-agreements and workforce training.
• Africa must understand that all infrastructure or equipment procured will need to be entrusted into the hands of a competent and skilled workforce if the industry is to achieve its objectives.
• Aviation professionals in the region must be proactive and visible.
The airlines should consider strategic commercial agreements and mergers to benefit from possible cost synergies.
• Safety and economic benefits will accrue from having a single African sky, a fly Africa policy and one Multi-lateral Air Service Agreement between Africa and Indian Ocean region and the rest of the world.
Creating human capital takes time; lost time is irretrievable. The region is running out of both time and human capital and the competition is not waiting.
Aviation is an industry of continental strategic importance to Africa. Africa depends mostly on air transport to link people with each other and the rest of the world at large. A safe, secure and efficient aviation Industry is crucial to support t
Safe and sustainable aviation in africa; alignment of policies, regulation an...Dung Rwang Pam
Aviation is considered a vital tool for economic development in Africa. This becomes more critical considering the level of surface transport development across the continent. It generated around 450,000 jobs and contributed more than $10 billion USD to Africa’s GDP in 2007 (ATAG) . While air transport plays an important role in itself, its main role is to facilitate economic activity. Unfortunately, the region has suffered a history of high airline failure rates, poor infrastructure and an accident rate that is 8 times the global average. A major challenge now facing the continent is the lack of sustainable levels of the requisite, skilled workforce at all levels. This is necessary to steer the course of both governance and industry. The global community through various government and non-governmental agencies has proffered a plethora of initiatives and interventions, designed to redress the situation. However, the successes recorded through these efforts have been marginal.
It is time Africa learns from its past mistakes and focuses on achieving safe, sustainable, reliable and efficient air travel. It must be supported by sound infrastructure and concern for the environment. If the continent is at all serious about aviation, urgent steps must be put in place. These must include the following criteria which must to be strategically laid out in a detailed policy and supported by legal processes that will aid successful implementation.
• Governments must be transparent, accountable and guided by democratic principles.
• Transformational leadership should result in social and political stability that will create the suitable environment for regional economic integration.
• This integration will be easier to achieve if the region aligns its aviation policies and regulations to optimise the workforce available.
• All member States must pool resources to invest in infrastructure, aircraft acquisitions, fuel purchase-agreements and workforce training.
• Africa must understand that all infrastructure or equipment procured will need to be entrusted into the hands of a competent and skilled workforce if the industry is to achieve its objectives.
• Aviation professionals in the region must be proactive and visible.
The airlines should consider strategic commercial agreements and mergers to benefit from possible cost synergies.
• Safety and economic benefits will accrue from having a single African sky, a fly Africa policy and one Multi-lateral Air Service Agreement between Africa and Indian Ocean region and the rest of the world.
Creating human capital takes time; lost time is irretrievable. The region is running out of both time and human capital and the competition is not waiting.
Aviation is an industry of continental strategic importance to Africa. Africa depends mostly on air transport to link people with each other and the rest of the world at large. A safe, secure and efficient aviation Industry is crucial to support t
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TALON event Progress 2018 Keynote Speech by Brian Wynne AUVSI President & CEOpropclubjax
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Institute:- Agragami college
Name:- Amal Tom
Class:- 4th Semester BBA Aviation.
Roll No:- G1811009 OR 09
Subject:- Aviation
Topic:- Airport Planning.and Design
www.jetlinemarvel.net
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A roadmap towards an integrated regional airspace management
1. A Roadmap towards an Integrated
Regional Airspace Management
Presented at African Research and Resource Forum
(ARRF)
ConferenceTheme: Harnessing Policy Research for
Sustainable Regional Integration in the EAC
MOI UNIVERSITY
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
Torongey P. K. and Odido D. O.
pktorongey@mu.ac.ke ; odido@mu.ac.ke
2. Outline
Review
◦ Policy & Legal Framework
◦ AirTraffic Management
◦ Case Studies
Framework for Research
TheWay Forward
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
3. Pertinent Laws and Treaties
EACTreaty
Chicago Convention
Yamoussoukro Declaration
Yamoussoukro Decision
COMESA Aviation Policy
COMESA-EAC-SADC Merger
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
5. ICAO Guiding Documents
Global AirTraffic Management
Operational Concept (Doc 9854)
◦ Requires a Seamless, Safe and Interoperable
airspace system
Global Air Navigation Plan (Doc 9750)
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
6. EAC Treaty,Article 92:
Civil Aviation and Civil Air transport
1.The Partner States shall harmonise
their policies on civil aviation to
promote the development of safe, reliable,
efficient and economically viable civil
aviation with a view to developing
appropriate infrastructure,
aeronautical skills and technology, as well
as the role of aviation in support of other
economic activities.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
7. …Art. 92
2.The Partner States shall take necessary
steps to facilitate the establishment
of joint air services and the efficient
use of aircraft as steps towards the
enhancement of air transportation within
the Community.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
8. …Art. 92
3.The Partner States shall in particular:
(a) adopt common policies for the
development of civil air transport in
the Community in collaboration with
other relevant international organisations
including the African Civil Aviation
Commission (AFCAC), the African Airlines
Association (AFRAA), the International Air
Transport Association (IATA), and
International Civil Aviation Organisation
(ICAO);
(b) ...
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
9. …Art. 92
(c)…
(d)…
(e) establish a Unified Upper Area Control
system;
(f)…
(g)…
(h) consider ways to develop, maintain and co-
ordinate in common, their navigational,
communications and meteorological
facilities for the provision of safe air navigation
and the joint management of their air space;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
10. …Art. 92
(j) agree to take common measures for
the control and protection of the air
space of the Community;
(k) apply the ICAO policies and guidelines
in determining user charges and apply the
same rules and regulations relating to
scheduled air transport services among
themselves;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
11. Chicago Convention, 1944
Article 28: Air navigation facilities
and standard systems
Each contracting State undertakes, so far as it
may find practicable, to:
(a) Provide, in its territory, airports, radio
services, meteorological services and
other air navigation facilities
to facilitate international air
navigation, in accordance with
the standards and practices recommended
or established from time to time, pursuant
to this Convention;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
12. …Art. 28
(b) Adopt and put into operation the
appropriate standard systems of
communications procedure, codes,
markings, signals, lighting and other
operational practices and rules which may
be recommended or established from
time to time, pursuant to
this Convention;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
13. …Art. 28
(c) Collaborate in international measures to
secure the publication of aeronautical
maps and charts in accordance with
standards which may be recommended or
established from time to time, pursuant to
this Convention.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
14. Outline
Review
◦ Policy and Legal Framework
◦ AirTraffic Management
◦ Case Studies
The Way Forward
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
15. The Airspace
Chicago Convention
Article 1: Sovereignty
The contracting States recognize that
every State has complete and exclusive
sovereignty over the airspace above its
territory.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
17. The Airspace…
The Airspace is a Resource
Provides revenue from Air Navigation
Service Provision (ANSP)
Upper Airspace is particularly lucrative
A Shared Resource:
◦ Civil Aviation
◦ Military Aviation
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
18. AIR ROUTES IN EAST AFRICA
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
19. Category of user Air Navigation Services costs
US$
Proportion of total costs (%)
Domestic Civil Aviation 1,295,168 5.2
International Civil Aviation 23,611,902 94.8
TOTAL 24,907,069 100.0
Air Navigation Revenue, Nairobi FIR, 2006
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
21. The Airspace…
The Airspace is the Environment
Carbon Emissions
Noise
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
22. Air Traffic Management
All issues concerned with interaction of
Aircraft in the Airspace. Comprises:
◦ Airspace management (ASM)
◦ AirTraffic Flow Management (ATFM)
◦ AirTraffic Services (ATS)
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
23. Guiding principles for Airspace
Mgmt.:
All airspace should be managed flexibly.
Airspace boundaries should be adjusted
to particular traffic flows and should
not be constrained by national or
facility boundaries;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
24. Airspace management processes should
accommodate dynamic 4D trajectories
and provide optimum system solutions;
When conditions require that different
types of traffic be segregated by airspace
organization, the size, shape and time
regulation of that airspace will be set to
minimize the impact on operations;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
25. Airspace use should be coordinated and
monitored in order to accommodate the
conflicting legitimate requirements of all
users and to minimize any constraints on
operations;
Airspace reservations should be planned
in advance with changes made dynamically
whenever possible.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
26. Structured route systems will be applied
only where required to enhance capacity
or to avoid areas where access has been
limited or where hazardous conditions
exist;
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
27. Uniform airspace organisation and
management principles will be applicable to
all regions. Global principles will be
applicable at all levels of density and will
affect total traffic volume. Complex
operations may limit the degree of flexibility;
and
Areas that should strive for the earliest and
shortest implementation are those where
ATM community expectations are not being
met.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
28. Outline
Review
◦ Policy and Legal Framework
◦ AirTraffic Management
◦ Case Studies
The Way Forward
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
32. Eurocontrol…
Functions:
◦ Central Flow Management
◦ Central Route Charges
◦ ATM Research & Simulations
◦ Central European ATS
◦ Institute of Air Navigation Services
◦ Maastricht Upper Area Control Centre
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
33. SESAR
Single European Sky ATM Research
European Airspace:
◦ 10.8 Million Square Kilometres
◦ 37 ANSPs
◦ 60 Control Centres
Cost of fragmentation:
◦ 4 billion Euros
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
34. SESAR…
Objectives
◦ Reform European ATM
◦ Provide Legislative framework
◦ Handle upto 50,000 flights per day
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
35. Single European Sky (SESAR)
Use of Functional Airspace Blocks
A Functional Airspace Block (FAB) is an
airspace block based on operational
requirements and established regardless
of State boundaries, where the provision
of air navigation services and related
ancillary functions have been optimised
and/or integrated.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
36. SESAR…
Nine FABs have been established:
◦ Baltic FAB: Poland and Lithuania
◦ Blue Med (Mediterranean FAB): Italy, Malta, Greece and Cyprus.
Also includes non EU countries as Associate Partners (Egypt and
Tunisia).Albania and Jordan are observers.
◦ Danube: Bulgaria and Romania
◦ FAB EC (FAB Europe Central): France, Germany, Belgium,
Netherlands, Luxembourg and Switzerland.
◦ FAB CE (FAB Central Europe): Czech Republic, Slovak
Republic,Austria, Hungary, Croatia,Slovenia, Bosnia and
Herzegovina.
◦ NEFAB: (North European FAB): Estonia, Finland, Latvia and
Norway.
◦ SW FAB (SouthWest FAB): Portugal and Spain
◦ UK-IRELAND FAB: United Kingdom and Ireland
◦ NUAC Programme: Danish-Swedish FAB
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
38. SESAR…
FABs have the following common objectives:
◦ Safety: Ensure an improved safety level despite civilian traffic
growth
◦ Capacity: meet the demand of civil air traffic foreseen to increase
◦ Cost-effectiveness: balance the cost of operations within FABs
by establishing more effective route structure and ATC service
◦ Flight efficiency: improve flight efficiency through improvements
in routes, flight profiles and distances flown
◦ Environment:reduce the impact on the environment through
improvements in routes, flight profiles and distances flown
◦ Military mission effectiveness: improve military mission
effectiveness through improved training capabilities and
readiness postures as required by States
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
39. Outline
Review
◦ Policy and Legal Framework
◦ AirTraffic Management
◦ Case Studies
Integration Initiatives
TheWay Forward
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
41. ICAO AFI Plan
The AFI Implementation Plan is conceived as
a rolling fifteen year plan towards the full
implementation of the ICAO CNS/ATM
Concept throughout the AFI Region and in
the interface with adjacent regions, in order
to achieve a coherent regional Air Traffic
Management (ATM) system fully responsive
to the regional needs in a timely and cost-
effective manner and adequately integrated
with the
world-wide air navigation system.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
42. AFI ANSPs
the vision of the AFI Region on the “single
sky” be aligned with ICAO concept of
“global air traffic management”; and
ICAO develop the definition of the “single
sky” concept and provide to the States of
the AFI Region guidance material and the
orientation for a progressive
implementation of the “single sky” in
Africa, taking into account the global ATM
operational concept.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
43. AFI ANSPs…
◦ Almadies (Dakar) Declaration (2002) [1st
Meeting of Africa-Indian ocean (AFI) air traffic
services]
Emphasised need to create/strengthen regional or
sub-regional operating agencies for the joint
management of air navigation facilities and services
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
44. AFI ANSPs…
◦ Gauteng Declaration (2004) [2nd Meeting of
AFI in Johannesburg]
Commitment to ensure evolutionary
implementation of seamless AFI Region skies based
on ICAO Global ATM Operational Concept
Establish appropriate political protocols for establishment of
cooperative organisation and management of airspace
Technical measures for joint management facilities and
services
Establish system-wide performance measurement and
management procedures
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
45. AFI ANSPs…
◦ AirTraffic and Navigation Services (ATNS)
point of view (2010) [3rd AFI Regional ANSP
Meeting in Cotonou]
Demand by operators for greater capacity, lower
prices; Pressure on ANSPs to increase performance
by minimising delays, increasing operational
efficiencies, optimising costs
Need for seamless airspace where systems are
technically interoperable, universally safe and
affordable
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
46. AFI ANSPs…
Benefits of Single African Sky:
Improved Safety level
More effective and integrated ATM architecture
Demand driven ANSP
Enhanced cross-border coordination
Improved decision-making and enhanced enforcement in
ATM
Economic benefits
No progress made on Almadies, Gauteng; Blame is
heaped on politicians (Rwanda article:“shocking
that Rwanda airspace is managed from Tanzania”
Playing to the Gallery? Kenya manages sections of
Tanzanian airspace, ditto Ugandan;Tanzania manages
Rwanda, Burundi Upper Airspace
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
47. • The Single African Sky does not necessarily
entail a single service provider, per se; but
rather emphasizes on harmonised and
interoperable ATM systems
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
48. COMESA-EAC-SADC Merger
TheTripartite Summit resolved that the
three RECs should immediately start
working towards a merger into a single REC
with the objective of fast tracking the
attainment of the African Economic
Community.The Tripartite Summit directed
the Tripartite Task Force of the three
Secretariats to develop a roadmap for the
implementation of this merger for
consideration at its next meeting.
The Merger is unlikely in the Short Term…
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
50. Roadmap for ATM Integration
in EAC
Harnessing Policy Research
The purpose of the Roadmap is to outline
a research agenda that will guide the
development of specific research
programs to be conducted by the
research fraternity and others, both
within and across disciplines, to provide
answers to current questions for future
policy development.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
51. The Way Forward
How do we harness policy research for
policy-making at the regional level in the EAC
in Airspace Management?
The main requirements for an air traffic
management system are:
◦ Enhancing safety
◦ Improving environmental performance
◦ Increasing efficiency
◦ Meeting future traffic demands.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
52. The policy directions which need to be
tackled are:
a) Integrated planning – There is need for
cooperation between the various aviation
agencies in the region.This will lead to the
development and implementation of
consistent and effective air traffic policy
outcomes
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
53. b) Adoption of new technologies, specifically Satellite based
CNS systems.The decision to adopt new technologies
should be made on the basis of well developed safety record
and appropriate risk analysis.This is linked with the
anticipated move from route based navigation using
terrestrial navigation aids to area navigation using satellite
navigation. Consideration should be on diversification in use
of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) so as to avoid
over-reliance on one system.There should be a deliberate
backup using ground based systems within the region.The
case for universal implementation of Automatic Dependent
Surveillance – Broadcast should be considered. New
technologies will enhance aviation safety, generate efficiency
and give several environmental benefits.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
54. c) International harmonization – ICAO’s
Global Air Traffic Operational Concept
outlines the concept of an integrated and
global ATM system based on clearly
established operational requirements.This is
intended to guide the high-level
implementation of communication,
navigation, surveillance and air traffic
management technology by providing a
description of how the emerging and future
air navigation system should operated
(ICAO, 2005).
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
55. d) Enhanced regional aviation safety – Focus should
be on improving airspace, air traffic services and
facilities at the major regional airports of JKIA,
Entebbe,
e) Management of environmental impacts – Impacts
from noise and emissions are covered in ICAO’s
Annex 16.Advanced technologies and more
efficient use of airspace has the potential of
reducing the local noise footprint.A number of air
traffic management operational procedures can
also reduce emissions; these include flexible ATS
routes, air traffic control sequencing and
continuous descent approaches to runways.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
56. Bottlenecks
Information scarcity – Poor data
collection, consideration of mundane data
as ‘classified’
“The data collection exercise carried out
in the region show that:
◦ the way air traffic data is recorded, processed
and published differs greatly in each country
◦ The degree of analytical detail is different
◦ Lack of consistency
(World Bank, 2005)”
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
57. Bottlenecks
Political opposition – Airspace touches on
National Pride, as it is considered part of the
territory of a country
“Kigali — After the completion of the Karisimbi Mast Project,
Rwanda will have full controlling rights of her airspace.
According to a stunning revelation to Parliament on Monday,
the Minister in charge of Science and Technology, in the Office
of the President, Prof. Romain Murenzi, revealed that the
country's upper aerial space is currently being controlled
fromTanzania. Murenzi's revelation came as a response to the
MPs questions on the progress of the Karisimbi Project.The
Project is aimed at providing high quality communication
navigation surveillance, telecommunications, and radio and
television signals.” June 17, 2009.
Nurturing Innovation and Talent
58. Need forThink-tank on Aviation Issues at
Regional Level
◦ Research on Policy
◦ Strategies for External Challenges
European ETS Scheme;
Noise
Safety
Environment
Nurturing Innovation and Talent