One of the key problems in the study of any stream of traffic system is the analysis of delay. Delay is a more delicate concept. It may be well defined as the difference between the actual travel time on a given section and some ideal travel time of that section. This raises the question as what is the ideal travel time. In practice, the ideal travel time chosen will depend on the situation. There are two particular travel times that seem best suited as benchmarks for assessment with the actual performance of the system. These are the travel times under free flow conditions and travel time at capacity. Most recent research has found that for highway systems, there is reasonably little difference between these two speeds. The analysis of delay normally focuses on the delay when demand exceeds its capacity. Such delay is known as queuing delay, and may be studied by means of queuing theory. This theory involves the analysis which is known as a queuing system, which is composed of a server, a stream of customers who demand service, and a queue or line of customers waiting to be served. A. N. V. Ravindra | Mr. S. Siva Gowri Prasad "A Review on Performance of Toll Plaza by using Queuing Theory" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/transport-engineering/28068/a-review-on-performance-of-toll-plaza-by-using-queuing-theory/a-n-v-ravindra
This document discusses queuing theory and its application to traffic flow modeling. Some key points:
- Queuing theory is the mathematical analysis of waiting lines or queues. It allows prediction of line lengths and waiting times.
- As it relates operations research, queuing theory results are used for business decisions about resource requirements for service provision.
- It is relevant for modeling customer service situations as well as transport and telecom applications. Specifically applicable to traffic systems.
- The document outlines components of a queuing model for traffic, including relationships between traffic flow, density, and speed. Models arrival and service rates to estimate time in the system.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The Study of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System at University Road Peshawar, Paki...IOSR Journals
The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar
Pakistan. A survey of all the existing public transport stops on University Road Peshawar conducted for
identification of bus lane. Peak hour demand was calculated in terms of actual Passengers per hour per
direction (Pphpd)along the entire corridor which acts a warrant test for the provision of a separate lane for
public transport vehicles in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System. Saturation Levelsand Dwell Times (sec)at every
stop both for busses and for wagons usingfrequency, clearance time, amount of boarding and alighting
passengers and journey time of existing public transport system were analyzed.From data analysis,
theSaturation Levels and Dwell Times at every stop were found higher than the recommended values mainly
because of the obstruction due to private vehicles in front of public transport vehicles,a comparatively high
percentage of private vehicles with respect to public transport vehicles and the prolong stay of drivers atbus
stops. The Saturation Levels and Dwell Times (sec) for the proposed BRT system was re-analyzed. Finally,
result of the proposed BRT system was incorporated in S-Paramics software to develop a public transport
model.
IRJET- Detailed Survey & Analysis of a Traffic System on Mid Block Sectio...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing traffic flow on mid-block sections and intersections in Khargone city, India. The study aims to understand vehicle-pedestrian interactions through field observations of multiple intersections and mid-block crossings. Different locations within the city were selected to see if pedestrian flow fundamentals diagrams varied between places. Manual counts and surveys were conducted using tally sheets. Automatic counts were also collected using pneumatic tubes and inductive loops embedded in the road. The study found the pedestrian fundamental diagrams did vary between different locations in Khargone city.
A Review on Intrusion Detection System Based Data Mining TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic behavior at three toll plazas in Bangalore, India. Traffic volume counts were conducted at the toll plazas to identify peak traffic hours. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics was performed on the service time delay data collected for different vehicle types (cars, buses, trucks, etc.). The analysis found that truck traffic consumes more service time than other vehicle categories. Based on the study findings, the authors recommend providing separate toll lanes for different vehicle types to reduce delays.
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BASED TRAFFIC CONGESTION MODELLING FOR URBA...civej
This study attempts to make use of traffic behaviour on the aggregate level to estimate congestion on urban arterial and sub-arterial roads of a city exhibiting heterogeneous traffic conditions by breaking the route into independent segments and approximating the origin-destination based traffic flow behaviour of the segments. The expected travel time in making a trip is modelled against sectional traffic characteristics (flow and speed) at origin and destination points of road segments, and roadway and segment traffic characteristics such as diversion routes are also tried in accounting for travel time. Predicted travel time is then used along with free flow time to determine the state of congestion on the segments using a congestion
index (CI). A development of this kind may help in understanding traffic and congestion behaviour practically using easily accessible inputs, limited only to the nodes, and help in improving road network planning and management.
IRJET- Improvement of Traffic Congestion on Kollam Bypass(Ayathil-Kallumt...IRJET Journal
This document examines traffic congestion at two junctions on the Kollam bypass in Kerala, India: Ayathil junction and Kallumthazham junction. Field studies were conducted to analyze the signal systems, measure traffic volumes, and determine peak traffic hours. The studies found improper signal timing, lack of road width, and improper vehicle parking contribute to congestion. Various remedial measures are proposed, including widening the road at Ayathil junction and installing a roundabout at Kallumthazham junction.
Applied research. Optimization of the Shuttle ServicesRAMON RIOS
Application of the queuing theory to find out the root causes of the long waiting times in the company X. The verification of the outcome was with promodel simulation software. Networking using the shortest route to optimize even better. Forecasting to predict increasing in the population and get our life cycle. Gantt chart to calculate the total days and to track the gantt chart for any delays.
This document discusses queuing theory and its application to traffic flow modeling. Some key points:
- Queuing theory is the mathematical analysis of waiting lines or queues. It allows prediction of line lengths and waiting times.
- As it relates operations research, queuing theory results are used for business decisions about resource requirements for service provision.
- It is relevant for modeling customer service situations as well as transport and telecom applications. Specifically applicable to traffic systems.
- The document outlines components of a queuing model for traffic, including relationships between traffic flow, density, and speed. Models arrival and service rates to estimate time in the system.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
The Study of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System at University Road Peshawar, Paki...IOSR Journals
The paper is part of an ongoing research project on traffic management strategies for Peshawar
Pakistan. A survey of all the existing public transport stops on University Road Peshawar conducted for
identification of bus lane. Peak hour demand was calculated in terms of actual Passengers per hour per
direction (Pphpd)along the entire corridor which acts a warrant test for the provision of a separate lane for
public transport vehicles in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System. Saturation Levelsand Dwell Times (sec)at every
stop both for busses and for wagons usingfrequency, clearance time, amount of boarding and alighting
passengers and journey time of existing public transport system were analyzed.From data analysis,
theSaturation Levels and Dwell Times at every stop were found higher than the recommended values mainly
because of the obstruction due to private vehicles in front of public transport vehicles,a comparatively high
percentage of private vehicles with respect to public transport vehicles and the prolong stay of drivers atbus
stops. The Saturation Levels and Dwell Times (sec) for the proposed BRT system was re-analyzed. Finally,
result of the proposed BRT system was incorporated in S-Paramics software to develop a public transport
model.
IRJET- Detailed Survey & Analysis of a Traffic System on Mid Block Sectio...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on analyzing traffic flow on mid-block sections and intersections in Khargone city, India. The study aims to understand vehicle-pedestrian interactions through field observations of multiple intersections and mid-block crossings. Different locations within the city were selected to see if pedestrian flow fundamentals diagrams varied between places. Manual counts and surveys were conducted using tally sheets. Automatic counts were also collected using pneumatic tubes and inductive loops embedded in the road. The study found the pedestrian fundamental diagrams did vary between different locations in Khargone city.
A Review on Intrusion Detection System Based Data Mining TechniquesIRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic behavior at three toll plazas in Bangalore, India. Traffic volume counts were conducted at the toll plazas to identify peak traffic hours. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics was performed on the service time delay data collected for different vehicle types (cars, buses, trucks, etc.). The analysis found that truck traffic consumes more service time than other vehicle categories. Based on the study findings, the authors recommend providing separate toll lanes for different vehicle types to reduce delays.
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM BASED TRAFFIC CONGESTION MODELLING FOR URBA...civej
This study attempts to make use of traffic behaviour on the aggregate level to estimate congestion on urban arterial and sub-arterial roads of a city exhibiting heterogeneous traffic conditions by breaking the route into independent segments and approximating the origin-destination based traffic flow behaviour of the segments. The expected travel time in making a trip is modelled against sectional traffic characteristics (flow and speed) at origin and destination points of road segments, and roadway and segment traffic characteristics such as diversion routes are also tried in accounting for travel time. Predicted travel time is then used along with free flow time to determine the state of congestion on the segments using a congestion
index (CI). A development of this kind may help in understanding traffic and congestion behaviour practically using easily accessible inputs, limited only to the nodes, and help in improving road network planning and management.
IRJET- Improvement of Traffic Congestion on Kollam Bypass(Ayathil-Kallumt...IRJET Journal
This document examines traffic congestion at two junctions on the Kollam bypass in Kerala, India: Ayathil junction and Kallumthazham junction. Field studies were conducted to analyze the signal systems, measure traffic volumes, and determine peak traffic hours. The studies found improper signal timing, lack of road width, and improper vehicle parking contribute to congestion. Various remedial measures are proposed, including widening the road at Ayathil junction and installing a roundabout at Kallumthazham junction.
Applied research. Optimization of the Shuttle ServicesRAMON RIOS
Application of the queuing theory to find out the root causes of the long waiting times in the company X. The verification of the outcome was with promodel simulation software. Networking using the shortest route to optimize even better. Forecasting to predict increasing in the population and get our life cycle. Gantt chart to calculate the total days and to track the gantt chart for any delays.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Traffic Regulation at Highway IntersectionIRJET Journal
This document reviews traffic regulation methods at highway intersections. It discusses different types of traffic control mechanisms used at intersections, including traffic signals, channelized intersections, and grade separated intersections. Traffic signals assign right of way using red and green lights to allow conflicting traffic streams to share the intersection. Channelized intersections separate turning movements from through movements to reduce conflicts and improve safety. Grade separated intersections eliminate conflicts by vertically separating crossing roadways with bridges or overpasses. The paper also reviews several past studies that have analyzed traffic flow at unsignalized intersections, developed models for estimating delays at roundabouts, and prioritized intersections for grade separation projects. Maintaining efficient traffic flow and reducing delays and accidents requires appropriate use of signals, channelization, and grade
Sustainable New Towns and Transportation Planning; Reflection of A Case Study by Abdol Aziz Shahraki* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
- The document discusses how increasing numbers of tolled roads in a network like Sydney could lead to "toll saturation", where commuters reach a limit on how much they are willing to pay in tolls.
- It presents models to test the hypothesis that as toll costs accumulate across multiple roads, the value that commuters place on travel time savings (VTTS) will decrease due to this toll budget constraint.
- The study uses data from Sydney, which has 9 existing tolled roads and 5 more planned, to estimate models that incorporate a toll saturation effect and examine how it impacts VTTS for commuters.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Traffic State Estimation and Prediction under Heterogeneous Traffic ConditionsIDES Editor
The recent economic growth in developing countries
like India has resulted in an intense increase of vehicle
ownership and use, as witnessed by severe traffic congestion
and bottlenecks during peak hours in most of the metropolitan
cities. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to reduce
traffic congestion by adopting various strategies such as
providing pre-trip and en-route traffic information thereby
reducing demand, adaptive signal control for area wide
optimization of traffic flow, etc. The successful deployment
and the reliability of these systems largely depend on the
accurate estimation of the current traffic state and quick and
reliable prediction to future time steps. At a macroscopic level,
this involves the prediction of fundamental traffic stream
parameters which include speed, density and flow in spacetime
domain. The complexity of prediction is enhanced by
heterogeneous traffic conditions as prevailing in India due to
less lane discipline and complex interactions among different
vehicle types. Also, there is no exclusive traffic flow model for
heterogeneous traffic conditions which can characterize the
traffic stream at a macroscopic level. Hence, the present study
tries to explore the applicability of an existing macroscopic
model, namely the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model,
for short term prediction of traffic flow in a busy arterial in
the city of Chennai, India, under heterogeneous traffic
conditions. Both linear and exponential speed-density
relations were considered and incorporated into the
macroscopic model. The resulting partial differential
equations are solved numerically and the results are found to
be encouraging. This model can ultimately be helpful for the
implementation of ATIS/ATMS applications under
heterogeneous traffic environment.
The document discusses a study on the impact of the Lucknow Metro Rail project on the city's transportation system. It provides background on the growing traffic issues in Lucknow due to rising vehicle ownership. The metro project aims to provide a mass rapid transit system that is convenient, safe, quick, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The study surveyed commuters at metro stations to understand perceptions of how the metro will affect the city's transportation. Initial results showed metro ridership had significantly decreased since launch, suggesting the metro is currently unprofitable. The research aims to understand reasons for the metro's lack of effectiveness and usage through analyzing commuter attitudes.
Feasibility study of metro transport case study maduraiIAEME Publication
This document discusses a feasibility study for a proposed metro rail system in Madurai, India. It begins with an introduction to feasibility studies and their importance in project development. It then outlines a proposed methodology for conducting feasibility studies for rail projects, covering factors like location assessment, demand analysis, costs, cost-benefit analysis, and social/environmental impacts. The document applies this methodology to the specific case of Madurai, describing the city's traffic issues, proposed metro alignments, and population growth trends. Traffic surveys were conducted at key intersections to analyze existing demand. The study aims to determine if a metro rail system in Madurai would be a feasible and beneficial public transportation solution.
Identification of Factors to Improve Public Transit Services (A Case Study of...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research presents studies on a segment of highway to determine the quantitative factors that inuence transit services. Travel time and delay study is one of the method to determine quantitative factors. Tour time is described as the average period of time required to journey from one region to some other. Total departure time consists of gadgets which include total working time, places and general delay time. The examine section was done in Prithvi chowk to Tal chowk of Prithvi Highway which is turned to be 12.5 km long.
Additionally, it has been found that the principle variables affecting travel time are: postpone time because of forestall selecting and choosing up passengers, bus model and bus size.32 trips public transport carrier and a 10 trips non-public automobile journey have been held during peak hours. Models are developed the use of SPSS software to become aware of the relationship between the causes of delays and the overall-time delays. Travel time and learning delays can help reduce the number of private vehicles operating and increase the number of public vehicles in order to reduce congestion and improve the e efficiency of the public transport system. It turned into determined that there was a full-size distinction in tour time among the use of the public transit services and the car.
This document discusses data analytics and optimization methods for assessing a ride-sharing system. It includes:
1) Developing a constraint-based model for acceptable ride matches using inferred parameters from historical trip data to account for route times and flexibility.
2) Analyzing historical trip schedules to identify imbalances between drivers and passengers that could limit participation.
3) Proposing and evaluating allowing drivers flexibility to also be passengers, finding this could potentially reduce unmatched participants by up to 80%.
TE004, A Study On Feasible Traffic Operation Alternatives At Signalized Inter...Saurav Barua
This study analyzed traffic operations at a busy signalized intersection in Dhaka, Bangladesh using traffic simulation software VISSIM. Four alternatives were considered: 1) banning right turns, 2) optimizing signal timing, 3) constructing a one-way overpass, and 4) constructing two overpasses. Traffic data was collected and used to calibrate the VISSIM model. The alternatives were then simulated and evaluated based on average speed, delay, and queue length. Constructing a single overpass was found to provide the greatest benefits, increasing average speed by 250% and reducing delays and queues by over 90%, making it the recommended alternative to improve traffic flow at the intersection.
"measuring service quality of brts in surat city "BHATIYAMANISH
This document provides an introduction to a summer training report on measuring the service quality of the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Surat City, India. It includes background information on transportation in India and the growth of public transit systems. It then discusses the BRTS system in Surat specifically, describing the phases, routes, stations and other components. The report will analyze existing BRTS performance and recommend improvements through a survey of service quality and user satisfaction. It outlines the objectives, research methodology, literature review and data analysis that will be included.
Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Pathijtsrd
Due to current significant increases in population and consequently in traffic congestion in most metropolitan cities in the world, designing of an intelligent traffic management system ITMS in order to detect the path with the shortest travel time is critical for emergency, health, and courier services. The aim of this research study was to develop a theoretical traffic detection system and capable of estimating the travel time associated with each street segment based on the traffic data updated every 20 seconds, which successively finds the path with the shortest travel time in the network by using a dynamic programming technique. Furthermore, in this study we model the travel time associated with each street segment based on the historical and real time data considering that the traffic speed on each road segment is piecewise constant. It would be useful to implement such algorithms in GIS systems such as Google map in such a way that the service delivery drivers can avoid congested routes by receiving real time traffic information. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Path" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50598.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/50598/intelligent-traffic-management-system-using-shortest-path/bharti-kumari
This document discusses traffic parameters such as volume count, spot speed study, and saturation flow that are important inputs for transportation planning and operations. It describes how traffic volume is measured in passenger car units per hour to account for different vehicle types. Spot speed indicates the instantaneous speed of vehicles at a point, while density represents the number of vehicles per unit length of road. The document presents the methodology for analyzing these parameters under heterogeneous traffic conditions and concludes that improvements are needed for road widening, public transportation, and parking management to address congestion issues in India.
This document discusses an online budget path planning mobile application. It aims to analyze budget approaches for tours by determining travel costs in real-time using personalized traveler information from smartphones. The application would help travelers understand costs for different transportation options like trains and flights. It collects data from multiple sources to compare to exhaustive search methods while maintaining service quality. Emergency helpline numbers are also provided for different places in India.
A Review on Optimization of Design and Safety of IntersectionIRJET Journal
1. The document reviews optimization of design and safety at intersections. It discusses reducing conflict points, congestion, and delay.
2. Intersection design factors like entry/exit radii, sight distances, and channelized islands are examined. Proper widening, marking, and signaling can minimize conflicts and efficiently flow traffic.
3. Sources of delay at intersections include traffic growth, lane indiscipline, and heterogeneous traffic characteristics in developing countries. Models for estimating saturation flow from other countries may not apply due to differences in traffic behaviors.
4. Conflicting traffic maneuvers at intersections make them prone to crashes. Understanding the interactions between geometric designs, traffic flows, and crashes can help identify effective safety countermeasures.
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of Traffic Behavior at the Toll Plazas Around BangaloreIRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic behavior at three toll plazas in Bangalore, India. Traffic volume counts were conducted at the toll plazas to identify peak traffic hours. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics was performed on the service time delay data collected for different vehicle types (cars, buses, trucks, etc.). The analysis found that truck traffic consumes more service time than other vehicle categories. Based on the study findings, the authors recommend providing separate toll lanes for different vehicle types to reduce delays.
DEVELOPING DIVERSE TRANSIT HUB FOR SURAT RAIL STATIONIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing a diverse transit hub at the Surat Rail Station in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the challenges facing transportation systems in emerging countries like India. It then discusses how multimodal transportation, which mixes private and public transit, can help address mobility issues.
The document describes plans to redevelop the Surat railway station into a multimodal transportation hub that strengthens connections between different transportation modes located near each other. This would create a higher degree of network integration and meet surrounding development needs. The redevelopment of the station into a transportation hub takes into account user demand, multi-modal connectivity, and passenger comfort.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on queuing processes and their application to customer service delivery at an ATM service point of Fidelity Bank in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Data was collected over 10 days on customer arrival times and service times. The study found that the traffic intensity (ρ) was 0.96, indicating the system was busy 95% of the time. This M/M/1 queuing model found a high utilization of the system. The document discusses queuing theory concepts like arrival patterns, service mechanisms, system capacity, and characteristics that can help banks minimize customer wait times.
IRJET- Prediction of Cab Demand using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses predicting taxi demand using machine learning. It aims to minimize wait times for both taxi drivers and passengers by predicting future demand and directing taxis to busy areas.
2) A recurrent neural network model is trained on historical taxi data including GPS locations and trip details to predict demand in different city areas at given times.
3) The model aims to efficiently dispatch taxis to reduce waiting times and serve more customers, helping both drivers and passengers. Predicting demand at a localized level allows drivers to go directly to busy locations.
IRJET- A Review Paper on Traffic Regulation at Highway IntersectionIRJET Journal
This document reviews traffic regulation methods at highway intersections. It discusses different types of traffic control mechanisms used at intersections, including traffic signals, channelized intersections, and grade separated intersections. Traffic signals assign right of way using red and green lights to allow conflicting traffic streams to share the intersection. Channelized intersections separate turning movements from through movements to reduce conflicts and improve safety. Grade separated intersections eliminate conflicts by vertically separating crossing roadways with bridges or overpasses. The paper also reviews several past studies that have analyzed traffic flow at unsignalized intersections, developed models for estimating delays at roundabouts, and prioritized intersections for grade separation projects. Maintaining efficient traffic flow and reducing delays and accidents requires appropriate use of signals, channelization, and grade
Sustainable New Towns and Transportation Planning; Reflection of A Case Study by Abdol Aziz Shahraki* in Advancements in Civil Engineering & Technology
- The document discusses how increasing numbers of tolled roads in a network like Sydney could lead to "toll saturation", where commuters reach a limit on how much they are willing to pay in tolls.
- It presents models to test the hypothesis that as toll costs accumulate across multiple roads, the value that commuters place on travel time savings (VTTS) will decrease due to this toll budget constraint.
- The study uses data from Sydney, which has 9 existing tolled roads and 5 more planned, to estimate models that incorporate a toll saturation effect and examine how it impacts VTTS for commuters.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Traffic State Estimation and Prediction under Heterogeneous Traffic ConditionsIDES Editor
The recent economic growth in developing countries
like India has resulted in an intense increase of vehicle
ownership and use, as witnessed by severe traffic congestion
and bottlenecks during peak hours in most of the metropolitan
cities. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aim to reduce
traffic congestion by adopting various strategies such as
providing pre-trip and en-route traffic information thereby
reducing demand, adaptive signal control for area wide
optimization of traffic flow, etc. The successful deployment
and the reliability of these systems largely depend on the
accurate estimation of the current traffic state and quick and
reliable prediction to future time steps. At a macroscopic level,
this involves the prediction of fundamental traffic stream
parameters which include speed, density and flow in spacetime
domain. The complexity of prediction is enhanced by
heterogeneous traffic conditions as prevailing in India due to
less lane discipline and complex interactions among different
vehicle types. Also, there is no exclusive traffic flow model for
heterogeneous traffic conditions which can characterize the
traffic stream at a macroscopic level. Hence, the present study
tries to explore the applicability of an existing macroscopic
model, namely the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model,
for short term prediction of traffic flow in a busy arterial in
the city of Chennai, India, under heterogeneous traffic
conditions. Both linear and exponential speed-density
relations were considered and incorporated into the
macroscopic model. The resulting partial differential
equations are solved numerically and the results are found to
be encouraging. This model can ultimately be helpful for the
implementation of ATIS/ATMS applications under
heterogeneous traffic environment.
The document discusses a study on the impact of the Lucknow Metro Rail project on the city's transportation system. It provides background on the growing traffic issues in Lucknow due to rising vehicle ownership. The metro project aims to provide a mass rapid transit system that is convenient, safe, quick, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The study surveyed commuters at metro stations to understand perceptions of how the metro will affect the city's transportation. Initial results showed metro ridership had significantly decreased since launch, suggesting the metro is currently unprofitable. The research aims to understand reasons for the metro's lack of effectiveness and usage through analyzing commuter attitudes.
Feasibility study of metro transport case study maduraiIAEME Publication
This document discusses a feasibility study for a proposed metro rail system in Madurai, India. It begins with an introduction to feasibility studies and their importance in project development. It then outlines a proposed methodology for conducting feasibility studies for rail projects, covering factors like location assessment, demand analysis, costs, cost-benefit analysis, and social/environmental impacts. The document applies this methodology to the specific case of Madurai, describing the city's traffic issues, proposed metro alignments, and population growth trends. Traffic surveys were conducted at key intersections to analyze existing demand. The study aims to determine if a metro rail system in Madurai would be a feasible and beneficial public transportation solution.
Identification of Factors to Improve Public Transit Services (A Case Study of...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This research presents studies on a segment of highway to determine the quantitative factors that inuence transit services. Travel time and delay study is one of the method to determine quantitative factors. Tour time is described as the average period of time required to journey from one region to some other. Total departure time consists of gadgets which include total working time, places and general delay time. The examine section was done in Prithvi chowk to Tal chowk of Prithvi Highway which is turned to be 12.5 km long.
Additionally, it has been found that the principle variables affecting travel time are: postpone time because of forestall selecting and choosing up passengers, bus model and bus size.32 trips public transport carrier and a 10 trips non-public automobile journey have been held during peak hours. Models are developed the use of SPSS software to become aware of the relationship between the causes of delays and the overall-time delays. Travel time and learning delays can help reduce the number of private vehicles operating and increase the number of public vehicles in order to reduce congestion and improve the e efficiency of the public transport system. It turned into determined that there was a full-size distinction in tour time among the use of the public transit services and the car.
This document discusses data analytics and optimization methods for assessing a ride-sharing system. It includes:
1) Developing a constraint-based model for acceptable ride matches using inferred parameters from historical trip data to account for route times and flexibility.
2) Analyzing historical trip schedules to identify imbalances between drivers and passengers that could limit participation.
3) Proposing and evaluating allowing drivers flexibility to also be passengers, finding this could potentially reduce unmatched participants by up to 80%.
TE004, A Study On Feasible Traffic Operation Alternatives At Signalized Inter...Saurav Barua
This study analyzed traffic operations at a busy signalized intersection in Dhaka, Bangladesh using traffic simulation software VISSIM. Four alternatives were considered: 1) banning right turns, 2) optimizing signal timing, 3) constructing a one-way overpass, and 4) constructing two overpasses. Traffic data was collected and used to calibrate the VISSIM model. The alternatives were then simulated and evaluated based on average speed, delay, and queue length. Constructing a single overpass was found to provide the greatest benefits, increasing average speed by 250% and reducing delays and queues by over 90%, making it the recommended alternative to improve traffic flow at the intersection.
"measuring service quality of brts in surat city "BHATIYAMANISH
This document provides an introduction to a summer training report on measuring the service quality of the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) in Surat City, India. It includes background information on transportation in India and the growth of public transit systems. It then discusses the BRTS system in Surat specifically, describing the phases, routes, stations and other components. The report will analyze existing BRTS performance and recommend improvements through a survey of service quality and user satisfaction. It outlines the objectives, research methodology, literature review and data analysis that will be included.
Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Pathijtsrd
Due to current significant increases in population and consequently in traffic congestion in most metropolitan cities in the world, designing of an intelligent traffic management system ITMS in order to detect the path with the shortest travel time is critical for emergency, health, and courier services. The aim of this research study was to develop a theoretical traffic detection system and capable of estimating the travel time associated with each street segment based on the traffic data updated every 20 seconds, which successively finds the path with the shortest travel time in the network by using a dynamic programming technique. Furthermore, in this study we model the travel time associated with each street segment based on the historical and real time data considering that the traffic speed on each road segment is piecewise constant. It would be useful to implement such algorithms in GIS systems such as Google map in such a way that the service delivery drivers can avoid congested routes by receiving real time traffic information. Bharti Kumari | Vinod Mahor "Intelligent Traffic Management System using Shortest Path" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50598.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/50598/intelligent-traffic-management-system-using-shortest-path/bharti-kumari
This document discusses traffic parameters such as volume count, spot speed study, and saturation flow that are important inputs for transportation planning and operations. It describes how traffic volume is measured in passenger car units per hour to account for different vehicle types. Spot speed indicates the instantaneous speed of vehicles at a point, while density represents the number of vehicles per unit length of road. The document presents the methodology for analyzing these parameters under heterogeneous traffic conditions and concludes that improvements are needed for road widening, public transportation, and parking management to address congestion issues in India.
This document discusses an online budget path planning mobile application. It aims to analyze budget approaches for tours by determining travel costs in real-time using personalized traveler information from smartphones. The application would help travelers understand costs for different transportation options like trains and flights. It collects data from multiple sources to compare to exhaustive search methods while maintaining service quality. Emergency helpline numbers are also provided for different places in India.
A Review on Optimization of Design and Safety of IntersectionIRJET Journal
1. The document reviews optimization of design and safety at intersections. It discusses reducing conflict points, congestion, and delay.
2. Intersection design factors like entry/exit radii, sight distances, and channelized islands are examined. Proper widening, marking, and signaling can minimize conflicts and efficiently flow traffic.
3. Sources of delay at intersections include traffic growth, lane indiscipline, and heterogeneous traffic characteristics in developing countries. Models for estimating saturation flow from other countries may not apply due to differences in traffic behaviors.
4. Conflicting traffic maneuvers at intersections make them prone to crashes. Understanding the interactions between geometric designs, traffic flows, and crashes can help identify effective safety countermeasures.
Simulation of pedestrian at intersection in urban congested areaeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Analysis of Traffic Behavior at the Toll Plazas Around BangaloreIRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic behavior at three toll plazas in Bangalore, India. Traffic volume counts were conducted at the toll plazas to identify peak traffic hours. Statistical analysis using descriptive statistics was performed on the service time delay data collected for different vehicle types (cars, buses, trucks, etc.). The analysis found that truck traffic consumes more service time than other vehicle categories. Based on the study findings, the authors recommend providing separate toll lanes for different vehicle types to reduce delays.
DEVELOPING DIVERSE TRANSIT HUB FOR SURAT RAIL STATIONIRJET Journal
This document discusses developing a diverse transit hub at the Surat Rail Station in India. It begins with an abstract that outlines the challenges facing transportation systems in emerging countries like India. It then discusses how multimodal transportation, which mixes private and public transit, can help address mobility issues.
The document describes plans to redevelop the Surat railway station into a multimodal transportation hub that strengthens connections between different transportation modes located near each other. This would create a higher degree of network integration and meet surrounding development needs. The redevelopment of the station into a transportation hub takes into account user demand, multi-modal connectivity, and passenger comfort.
International Journal of Mathematics and Statistics Invention (IJMSI) inventionjournals
This document summarizes a study on queuing processes and their application to customer service delivery at an ATM service point of Fidelity Bank in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Data was collected over 10 days on customer arrival times and service times. The study found that the traffic intensity (ρ) was 0.96, indicating the system was busy 95% of the time. This M/M/1 queuing model found a high utilization of the system. The document discusses queuing theory concepts like arrival patterns, service mechanisms, system capacity, and characteristics that can help banks minimize customer wait times.
IRJET- Prediction of Cab Demand using Machine LearningIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses predicting taxi demand using machine learning. It aims to minimize wait times for both taxi drivers and passengers by predicting future demand and directing taxis to busy areas.
2) A recurrent neural network model is trained on historical taxi data including GPS locations and trip details to predict demand in different city areas at given times.
3) The model aims to efficiently dispatch taxis to reduce waiting times and serve more customers, helping both drivers and passengers. Predicting demand at a localized level allows drivers to go directly to busy locations.
A Study on Queuing Theory and its real Life Applications.pptxmathematicssac
This document discusses the application of queuing theory to traffic management. It presents results from a study of traffic intensity at four intersections in Victoria Island, Lagos during morning, afternoon and evening peak periods. Queuing models were used to determine arrival and service rates, from which traffic intensity was calculated. Morning and evening sessions saw the highest intensities, especially on two roads. The analysis confirms queuing theory can help minimize congestion by optimizing traffic light times during peak periods. Proper road design considering separate lanes, flyovers and parking restrictions can also help ensure smooth traffic flow.
IRJET- Study on Vehicle Flow at Maraimalai Nagar Industrial Estate.IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on vehicle flow at the Maraimalai Nagar Industrial Estate intersection in Kanchipuram, India. The objectives of the study were to reduce delays, improve traffic flow, increase transport capacity and safety. Traffic surveys were conducted using manual and automated methods to collect vehicle volume data. Based on the vehicle distribution data, it was determined that a rotary intersection design would be better than signal coordination to control fluctuating traffic flows at the intersection, especially given the large number of trucks serving the industrial area. The study concluded the current signal coordination is sufficient for current traffic but a rotary intersection would be needed to handle future traffic growth.
Waiting Line Model is one of the decision line model.Waiting Line Model is one of the decision line model.Waiting Line Model is one of the decision line model.Waiting Line Model is one of the decision line model.
The document summarizes research on intelligent transport systems in Europe. It discusses 6 key areas: 1) road traffic management
and control, 2) air traffic management and control, 3) maritime traffic management and control, 4) safety and emergency systems,
5) satellite-based technologies, and 6) decision support and data management systems. The research aims to apply technologies like
GPS, sensors, and wireless communications to transportation to improve safety, efficiency, and management of traffic by air, sea,
and land.
ENHANCING URBAN ROAD NETWORK EFFICIENCY IN KERALA, INDIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANA...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing traffic congestion and level of service on urban roads in Tirur, Kerala, India. Data was collected using the moving observer car method at 7 locations along a 13 km stretch of road between Rajiv Gandhi Stadium and Nariparambu Junction. Travel time reliability indices, level of service, and regression analysis were used to evaluate traffic conditions. Key findings included that road width impacted level of service and travel time was influenced by road length and vehicle speed. Recommendations were proposed to address congestion issues and improve traffic flow efficiency to enhance the urban road network and travel experiences.
Financial Transmission Right effects on transmission expansionIRJET Journal
This document discusses approaches for incentivizing transmission network expansion, focusing on the use of long-term financial transmission rights (LTFTRs). It first reviews different structures for transmission investment and their strengths and weaknesses. It then examines how financial transmission rights (FTRs) can affect transmission investment. The document models LTFTR allocation through simulations of transmission expansions in simple 3-node networks. It finds that properly allocating proxy and incremental FTRs awards through an auction framework can incentivize efficient network expansion while preserving feasibility. Overall, the document analyzes how LTFTRs may provide a merchant mechanism for optimally expanding electricity transmission capacity over the long-term.
Study of Congestion Control Scheme with Decentralized Threshold Function in V...ijtsrd
With the constant increase in vehicular traffic, existing traffic management solutions have become inefficient. Urbanization has led to an increase in traffic jams and accidents in major cities. In order to accommodate the growing needs of transport systems today, there is a need for an Intelligent Transport System. Vehicular Ad hoc Network VANET is a growing technology that assists in Intelligent Transport Systems. VANETs enable communication between vehicles as well as fixed infrastructure called Road Side Units RSU . We propose a distributed, collaborative traffic congestion detection and dissemination system that uses VANET. Each of the driver's smart phones is equipped with a Traffic App which is capable of location detection through Geographic Position based System GPS . This information is relayed to a remote server which detects traffic congestion. Once congestion is confirmed the congestion information is disseminated to the end user phone through RSUs. The Mobile App transmits the location information at periodic intervals. Using the latitude, longitude and the current time, the location of each vehicle is traced. Using location information, the distance moved by the vehicle at a given time is monitored. If the value is below a fixed threshold, congestion is suspected in a particular area. If many vehicles in the same area send similar messages, traffic congestion is confirmed. Once traffic congestion is confirmed, the vehicles approaching the congested area are informed about the traffic through display boards that are available in the nearest RSUs traffic signals . The congestion information is also made available through the Mobile App present in vehicles approaching the congested area. The approaching vehicles may take diversion and alleviate congestion. Anees Khan | Prof. Sarwes Site "Study of Congestion Control Scheme with Decentralized Threshold Function in VANETs" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25324.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/25324/study-of-congestion-control-scheme-with-decentralized-threshold-function-in-vanets/anees-khan
A New Paradigm in User Equilibrium-Application in Managed Lane PricingCSCJournals
Ineffective use of the High-Occupancy-Vehicle (HOV) lanes has the potential to decrease the overall roadway throughput during peak periods. Excess capacity in HOV lanes during peak periods can be made available to other types of vehicles, including single occupancy vehicles (SOV) for a price (toll). Such dual use lanes are known as “Managed Lanes.” The main purpose of this research is to propose a new paradigm in user equilibrium to predict the travel demand for determining the optimal fare policy for managed lane facilities. Depending on their value of time, motorists may choose to travel on Managed Lanes (ML) or General Purpose Lanes (GPL). In this study, the features in the software called Toll Pricing Modeler version 4.3 (TPM-4.3) are described. TPM-4.3 is developed based on this new user equilibrium concept and utilizes it to examine various operating scenarios. The software has two built-in operating objective options: 1) what would the ML operating speed be for a specified SOV toll, or 2) what should the SOV toll be for a desired minimum ML operating speed. A number of pricing policy scenarios are developed and examined on the proposed managed lane segment on Interstate 30 (I-30) in Grand Prairie, Texas. The software provides quantitative estimates of various factors including toll revenue, emissions and system performance such as person movement and traffic speed on managed and general purpose lanes. Overall, among the scenarios examined, higher toll rates tend to generate higher toll revenues, reduce overall CO and NOx emissions, and shift demand to general purpose lanes. On the other hand, HOV preferential treatments at any given toll level tend to reduce toll revenue, have no impact on or reduce system performance on managed lanes, and increase CO and NOx emissions.
This document discusses a proposed smart city taxi ridesharing system. It aims to efficiently match taxi riders and drivers for shared rides, while minimizing increased travel distances and costs for all parties. The system uses an app to receive real-time ride requests from passengers and schedule taxis. It searches for taxis that can pick up new passengers with minimal additional travel distance, while respecting time constraints and ensuring passengers and drivers are fairly compensated. The system was tested using real taxi trip data and demonstrated efficiency and scalability. It is estimated to increase taxi occupancy rates and reduce travel distances compared to no ridesharing. Challenges include defining fair pricing models and addressing high demand scenarios.
DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR USING MOBILE CLOUD COMPU...IAEME Publication
Literature review revealed application of various techniques for efficient use of existing resources in road transport sector vehicles, operators and related facilities. This issue assumes bigger dimensions in situations where there are multiple routes and the demand in the routes is highly fluctuating over the day. The application of the existing techniques as reported in literature addresses above issues to a considerable extent. However the main draw back in existing techniques is lack of
proper uninterrupted information about vehicles and demand available at a central place for allocation of vehicles in different roads and huge computational times required for processing. Cloud computing is a recently developed processing tool that is used in effective utilization of resources in transport sector under dynamic resource allocation.
Traffic census and analysis (a case study)eSAT Journals
Abstract Traffic Census is the baseline of Transportation Engineering. All management as well as engineering operations are done on the
basis of this only. There is a considerable variations in flow, so for the purpose of designing averaging of these counts is done into
single volume count. There are four main methods of Traffic Census namely Manual Method, Automatic Method, Combination of
Manual and Automatic Method and Photographic Methods. All these have their pros and cons. These have different preferences
with respect to Accuracy, ease of Documentation, Versatility and economics. Three main methods of Traffic Analysis IRC, U.K
method and U.S.A practices have been discussed along with IOWA Department of Transport guidelines for measurement of
Congestion. For better management of Traffic, duration of Survey as per IRC has to be increased as urban areas are moving from
Developed to developing. Sanat Nagar/Rawalpora Intersection is the most important that is encountered in 17.8km stretch of
NH1A Bypass which is expected to be the jugular Vein of the Greater Srinagar City. It can be considered as a place where whole
of Kashmir meets. A case study of Traffic Census and Analysis of the said intersection is presented.
Keywords: Traffic Census, Traffic Analysis, Transport
Similar to A Review on Performance of Toll Plaza by using Queuing Theory (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28068 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 141
toll collection methods, number of toll booths, and types of
vehicles have been studied [14]. The assessment of
uninterrupted traffic flow is traditionallybasedonempirical
methods [15]. The issues of traffic management are the
process of increased disturbance in the movement of traffic.
In India the traffic congestion is rapidly increased due to
increasing vehicles on the road which produces many
problems [16]. Due to the escalating traffic issues a large
number of highways have been builtintherecentpastwhich
are maintained by tax collection at toll plazas by various
operating agencies. Duetosmoothandhassle-freedrivingon
highways, the arrival rate of vehicles at toll plazas increases.
The arrival rate goes beyond control if the traffic on the
highway increases in an uncontrolled manner with the
passage of time [17]. The toll plaza on the Kaduna – Zaria
highway has been modeled as a queue system by adapting
the Makino model [18].
FEATURES OF THE QUEUING SYSTEM
Generally, any queuing arrangement is composed of units,
denoted as customers, requiring some kind of service.When
a customer arrive at a service facility, join a queue if service
is not instantly available, and ultimatelyleaveafterreceiving
the service. A server refers to mechanism that delivers
service to the customer. Upon arrival, if a “customer” finds
the server busy, then he may form a queue, join it or leave
the system without getting any service evenafter waitingfor
some time. This therefore permits a number of different
possible arrangements such as the following, to describe
vehicular traffic flow as a queuing system:
1. The arrival pattern: This is the manner in whicharrivals
occur, indicted by the inter-arrival time between any
two consecutive arrivals. For our stochastic modelling
framework, the inter-arrival time may vary and may be
described by a specific probability distributionthatbest
describes the arrival pattern observed.
2. The Service Pattern: This is the manner in which the
service is rendered and is specified by the time taken to
complete a service. Similar to the arrival pattern,
distribution of the service time must be specified under
stochastic modelling considerations.
3. Arrival Rate (λ): This is the average number of vehicles
arriving per unit time.
4. Service Time (μ): This gives the average number of
vehicles served per unit time.
5. Server Utilization (ρ): This gives the average utilization
of the server.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION
1. Wasting time of drivers and passengers in blocked
traffic affect the economic health of the nations.
2. Wasted fuel increases the air pollution and carbon
dioxide emission owing to increased idling,acceleration
and braking.
3. Due to blocked traffic, emergency vehicles may delay in
reaching to their destination where they are urgently
needed.
4. Spillover effect from congested main routes to
secondary roads and sidestreetasalternative routesare
attempted which affect colony amenity and real estate
prices.
5. Delays, which may result in late arrival for employment,
meetings and education, resulting in loss of business,
disciplinary action or other personal losses.
MEAN PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
1. Traffic Intensity
The average number of customers being served is the ratio
of arrival and service rate. For a stable system the service
rate μ should always exceed the arrival rate λ and thus ρ
should always be less than one. Therefore,itisalsoknownas
utilization factor of the server. This can be represented as
ρ = λ / μ
2. Average Number of Customer in the System
The average number of customers in the system is equal to
the average number of customers in the queuetogether with
those being serviced. It is expressed as
Ls = ρ / (1-ρ)
3. Average Number of Customer in Queue
It can be viewed as average queue length that is, the average
number of customers who are waiting in the queue. It is
defined as
Lq = Ls – ρ
4. Average Time Spent in the System
The average time spent in the system is equal to the total
time that a customer spends in a system i.e. waiting time
plus the service time. It is given by
Ws = Ls / λ
5. Average Waiting Time in Queue
The average waiting time in queue is the average time a
customer waits in queue forgetting service.Itisexpressedas
Wq = Lq / λ
METHODS OF TOLL COLLECTION
There are three methods of toll collection available. These
are: (i) Manual, (ii) Automatic, and (iii) Electronic system.
1. Manual Toll Collection
Manual toll collection is most broadly used collection
technique in India. It requires a toll collector or attendant.
Based on the vehicle classification, cash toll is received by
the collector. The collector, who also dispenses change, may
accept and sell scrip, tickets, coupons,makingan entryof the
vehicle in the system and issuing receipt to the patron. Due
to manual intervention, the processing time is highest
2. Automatic Toll Collection
Automatic toll collection is based on the use of Automated
Coin Machine (ACM). These accept both coins and tokens
issued by the operating agency. Depending on the toll rate,
the use of automated coin or token collection instead of
manual collection reduces transaction and processing time
as well as the operating cost
3. Electronic Toll Collection
Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is a system that
automatically identifies a vehicle equipped with a valid
encoded data tag or transponder as it moves through a toll
lane or checkpoint. The ETC system then posts a debit or
charge to a patron’s account, without the patron having to
stop to pay the toll. ETC increases the lane throughput
because vehicles need not stop to pay the toll.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
YAN Qiu et al. (2013) made an evaluation of the design
requirements when expected traffic flow is in Erlang
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28068 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 142
distribution and negative exponential distribution
respectively. The outcome shows that the exact forecast of
vehicle flow arrival is the important guarantee of highway
toll station design. On this basis, the paper studied about
three capacity extension schemes, valid to toll station with
limited space during peak hours, and then infers some
design methods used for the queuing model with both the
vehicles interarrival times and the tollbooth service times
being negative exponential distribution, thus providing an
example for further expansion. Scheme A is to add a
temporary tollbooth in the place nearby the outermost
tollbooth, where there is sufficient area for charge service.
Scheme B is to set up two or more tollbooths, which are in
series on a toll lane. All the tollbooths can serve for
dissimilar vehicles at the same time. Scheme C is to add a
tollbooth in the front or rear of the existing tollbooth where
there is enough place for charge service. He concluded that
vehicle arrival law is an important factor influencing the toll
station design, and on the other hand, the systemdesign also
has direct effect on the service efficiency of toll station. So, it
is necessary to fully investigate the traffic data and
accurately predict traffic arrival law.
WU Zhizhou and ZHANG Jianqiao (2011) explained that
Container terminal is a closed action structure, including
terminal gate which is the out-and-in passage of trucks and
containers. The passing capacity of gateway is a main factor
of the whole service quality in the terminal. If the
arrangement and configuration of the gate system is
unreasonable, the congestion caused by trucks waiting and
queuing outside the terminal gate becomes quite serious in
the rush hours, and thus disturbs the operating efficiency of
the container terminal. He presented the optimal
arrangement of gate system by using the queuing model and
prove that the queuing model can well describe the actual
operation of the gate system and the objective function is
formulated based on the consideration of the trucks and the
server. A case study is presented to verify the efficiency of
the proposed method and showed that it is viable to
determine the optimal planning of terminal gate system.
JIAO Peng-peng et al. (2015) analyzed the existing bus
scheduling models according to Chinese conditions and the
bus route scheduling problem is studied using the theory of
stochastic service system (queuing theory). A mathematical
model is recognized to achievethe busroutescheduling with
travel demand as the essential data andwithbuscorporation
benefits and traveler fulfilment as the objective functions.
The process of objective function creation is described, the
passenger satisfaction function is presented, and the
algorithm of each component of constraints is designed.
Finally, a case study is presented on the basis of data from
the national mathematical modeling. The model is solved
using Mat lab software. Results show that the model has
advantages in solving the bus scheduling problem.
Martin Anokye et al. (2013) stated that traffic crowding is a
growing problem in many urban areas as it rises travel time,
air pollution, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel use.
They model the vehicular traffic flow and discover how
vehicular traffic could be minimized using queuingtheory in
order to decrease the delays on roads in the Kumasi city of
Ghana. Traffic intersection in the city of Ghana is currently
operating with one service channel each from the various
routes to the intersection. The results showed that traffic
intensity, ρ<1 for all sessions, a condition that proposes a
perfect traffic system. Accordingly, smooth flow of traffic
was shown since the server at each channel was able to
serve more than the cars in waiting queue when servers
resume work. Again, it was found that heavy traffic occurs in
the evening. Finally, the government of Ghana could
introduce a public transport system so that people do not
travel with private cars to their places of work to reduce
congestion on the roads, which in turn boosts productivity.
S. Vijay Prasad et al. (2018) studied multi server queuing
model and investigate the performance of toll plaza whichis
situated at Khalghat, Agra-Bombay road (on NH 3). The
outcomes of the investigation presented that average queue
length, waiting time of vehicle at toll plaza. In particular, he
presents the optimal number of toll booths to reduce the
queue length and waiting time of vehicles.
Cheng Wang (2017) presented an enhanced model base on
M/M/1 queue theory to design the toll plaza by considering
different ways of charging in the actual toll service system
(human-staffed, automated and electronic toll collection),
and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic AlgorithmII(NSGA-
II) is used to optimize the design of lane number and
charging mode layout and summarizedthatfuturework isto
study about the prevention of accident, the traffic flow from
the tollbooths to the lanes of travel and the total building
cost of a toll plaza.
Sachin Antil (2017) stated that a person driving to Delhi
daily through the toll plazas can save upto Rs.30000 per
annum including toll and the fuel costs during thewaitatthe
toll. He proposed a model to reduce the waiting time for the
drivers by analyzing the vehicle arrival pattern at a highway
toll plaza in Delhi with applications of queuing theory.
Shuguo Yang and Xiaoyan Yang (2014) analyzed the traffic
flow situations of an intersection in certain urban areas by
the methods of queuing theory and statistical experiment
and sets up an equivalentmathematical model andcompares
it with the actual values. The result shows that queuing
theory is applied in the study of intersection traffic flow and
it can provide references for the other similar designs.
Queuing theory consists of three parts which consists of
input process, queuing rules and service agencies.
Sangavi G V et al. (2017) emphasized that Due to
continuously growing road traffic, the road capacity has to
be increased to accommodate different configuration
vehicular dimensions. Toll roads need huge financing to
construct a safe, effective and durable road network. Toll
financing is one of the techniques in whichrevenuecollected
from the road users for the service provided bythem.Thisin
turn results in development in queues at specific junction
where the toll booths are established. Long queuecouldlead
to increase in travel time which is disadvantage to the road
user. Hence toll should be designed and planned in such a
way that minimum time would be wasted in the queuing
area. The toll booths are planned on the basis of queuing
area. Queuing theory involves parameters such as arrival
time, number of lanes, service time, waiting time and
merging area.
Yinghong LI and Qiyuan PENG (2007) made analysis on
railway section and gave a queuing model which estimates
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD28068 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 6 | September - October 2019 Page 143
the average time that the train spends in the queuingsystem
and the maximal carrying capacity. Moreover, they explore
the model deeply and developed the relationship between
the section occupation rate and the average queue length.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussions we can conclude that toll taxisa
fee which is used for the use of a newly built facility to
recover the total capital outlay. The private organization
builds, operates and then transfers the facility after a
projected period of time.The ElectronicToll Collection(ETC)
system is the most effective method of toll collection with
least delays. But due to its high installation cost, it’s not that
prevalent in India. We can find the optimum number of
tollbooths by applying queueing theory to determine the
delays in both queueing and merging areas. The optimum
number of tollbooths shouldminimizetheoverall delaytime.
Toll prices are set in such a way that they attract maximum
number of users and the agency should be able to recover
the cost within specified periodoftime.Asanimportantfield
in traffic control science, the research in design of toll plazas
has increasingly attracted attention of scholars and society.
A good design of toll plaza needs to meet a lot of conditions,
such as high safety coefficient, high throughputandlow-cost
level [19]. Operational research is a scientific approach to
analyze problems and making powerful decision. In
operational research, queueing theory is a mathematical
technique to minimize the waiting time of a particular
queueing system. Whenever, the problem of congestion
arises in the course of traffic management, the queueing
theory and its application always comes into picture [20].
The effective parking space was one of the major
quantitative indicators which was analyzed in detail and an
optimization model was made with the help of queuing
theory [21]. So queuing theory should be well utilized when
there is a problem of queuing to determinethe waitingtimes
and queue lengths.
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