it is very useful

1. Prepared By:
- Siddharth Sojitra (91600104032)
- Tanmay Patel (91600104033)
- Harsh Patel (91600104034)
- Pooja (91600104035)

2. Content :
 What is the Nano Technology?
 SYNTHESIS :
- Mechanical Alloying
- Inert Gas Condensation
- Sol Gel Technique
 Properties of Nano-Materials
 Application of Nano-Material

3. What is the Nano Technology?
 Nanomaterials play a vital role in the recently
developed science and technology.
 Nanomaterias are the materials containing
nanocrystals, i.e., their grain size is in the 1 to 100 nm
range.
 The nanomaterials may be metals, alloys,
intermetallics or ceramics.

4. SYNTHESIS :
 Using a variety of synthesis methods, it is possible to
nanostructured materials in the form of thin films,
coatings, powders and as a bulk materila.
 The methods used for the synthesis of nanoparticals
can be broadly classified into two types, namely,
physical and chemical methods.
 The most commonly used techniques of nanomaterials
preparation are explained in brief in this section.
 They are : next slide…

5. Mechanical Alloying :
 It is a solid state material processing technique in
which the materials can be synthesized even at room
temperature.
 This technique also used to produce metastable
structures.
 Ultrafine nanomaterial with high homogeneity is
prepared this technique.
 Since the starting material is powder, this technique is
of low cost but of high efficency.

6. Inert Gas Condensation :
 In this technique the base material is evaporated and
the evaporated material is allowed to pass through a
chamber filled with inert gases like argon or nitrogen.
 When the evaporated atoms come into contact with
the inert gases, they get condensed into spherical
particles.
 Process parameters can be used to the size of particals.

7. Sol Gel Technique :
 In this technique, nitrates or carbonates are taken as
precursors which are dissolved in deionized water.
 The solution is kept at a suitable temperature and
some amount of geling agents are added to it.
 Thus the viscosity, temperature and pH of the solution
are controlled in this technique.
 The nanomaterials in the form of thin film coating are
made by this technique.

8.  Of the three, the sol gel synthesis is most widely used due to the
following reason:
1) In this technique, materials, both ceramic and metals, can be
produced at ultra low temperature.
2) Any type of materials can be synthesized in large quantities at a
low cost.
3) Extremely homogeneous alloys and composites can be
produced.
4) High purity (99.99%) in synthesized materials can be obtained.
5) In this technique, the microstructure and physical, chemical
and mechanical properties of the final products can be
controlled.
6) Co-synthesis of two or more materials simultaneously is
possible.

9. Properties of 'Nano-Materials' :
 Nanomaterials have high strength, hardness, formability,
toughness(fracture resistance power).
 These materials are more brittle.
 These material exhibit super-plasticity even at lower
temperatures.
 Size of grain controls the mechanical, chemical, electrical,
optical, semiconducting and magnetic properties.
 The melting point of nanomaterial gets reduced on reducing
grain size.
 The magnetisation and coercivity are higher.

10. Application of 'Nano-Material' :
 They are used for fabrication of signal processing elements such as
filters, delay lines, switches, etc.
 Using this material, soft and permanent magnet can be
manufactured.
 Nanomaterials like Tungsten carbide, Titanium carbide and
Tantlun carbide are used in making, cutting tools which are much
harder and last longer then their conventional counter port.
 These materials are used to make semi-coductor laser, nano
transistor and memory device.
 These materials are used in enzyme removal of CO2 from air and
waste-water treatments.
 Nano crystalline ZnO thermistors are used in current controlling
device.