Present study aims to investigate the influence of ICTs dimensions (Information Technology (IT),
Management Information System (MIS), Office automation (OA), Intranet and Internet) on workforce
productivity for a group of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt. The population of the study was
managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICTs in the selected industrial
organizations at various managerial levels. Descriptive-statistical combined research study was conducted.
The selection of the participating industrial organization done using simple random sampling technique.
Data collection done using questionnaires. In order to check the validity of the study instrument expert
comments were used and the reliability of the questions calculated as 79% using Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient. The analysis of instrument data done using single variable t-test, Friedman and variance
analysis. The study findings revealed that the specified dimensions of ICTs positively affect workforce
productivity of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt.
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
This paper presents a model for information technology (IT) sustainability within government organizations in developing countries. Previous studies indicate that most government IT implementations in developing countries fail to be sustained and to achieve their implementation goals. The causes of sustainability failure include technology, economics and financial, political, cultural, and organizations and their people. However, between those factors, organizations and people are most commonly found to be related to IT sustainability failure as neither organization nor their people are adapted to a new environment when IT is implemented. This causes lack of fit between government organizations, the people and the IT, which then results in failure to sustain the technology within their organizations. This study, therefore, proposes a model of government organizational adaptation to sustain IT implementation. In constructing the model, firstly, we examine how the process of adaptation of organizational and people factors are undertaken within government organizations from a variety of e-government studies. Previous studies show that government organizational bureaucracy, management, structure, hierarchy, culture, and business processes, should be adapted to meet the new IT requirements when government organizations are undertaking IT implementation. Government organizations should also change their missions and visions in response to new work systems resulting from IT implementation. Government employees’ skills, at all levels, need to be improved in order for them to be actively involved in the implementation process. Secondly, using constructs from the literature review we identify two published cases of governments IT sustainability failure in India and Indonesia. Both cases of e-government implementation show that the sustainability failure factors are caused by lack of adaptation of organizational and people factors to the IT. Thirdly, a solution as to how the factors should be adapted is proposed and finally a model is constructed. We conclude that government IT sustainability is critically determined in the adaptation process of government organizations and people to the IT during the implementation process. Limitations and future research are then addressed.
081113 It For Energy Conservation And Global WarmingLeedinThailand
This document summarizes green IT initiatives by several major IT companies. It discusses how IBM, British Telecom, Qualcomm, Aplicor, and Fujitsu have implemented programs and technologies to reduce energy usage and carbon emissions through more efficient data centers, virtualization, recycling electronics, and other measures. These companies have seen significant cost savings while also helping address issues of global warming and environmental sustainability.
This document discusses green initiative approaches for reducing costs and waste in data centers. It begins with introducing data centers and green computing. The main problem outlined is the increasing energy consumption and environmental impact of data centers. Several issues with current practices are identified, including limited server utilization and lack of power management. The challenges of implementing green initiatives include limited funds, proving business benefits, and planning. Case studies and economic analyses of solutions like solar power, virtualization, and variable speed drives are provided to demonstrate how green approaches can reduce costs and waste in data centers.
GREEN ICT POLICY MATURITY FOR ACTUALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING IN DEVEL...ijcseit
Green ICT Policy encompasses the frameworks an organization has developed and put in place to apply environmental sustainability criteria throughout its value chain. The lack of appropriate green policy alignment to application of ICT uptake challenges the reaping of the benefits often stated of ICT. Multiple case study design with case from different sectors of the economy selected based on information richness,
accessibility, size as well as diversity in application of ICT was employed. Triangulation of data collection and findings interpretation was utilised. The study established that green ICT policy maturity was very low. In effect, calling for purposed policy set up on green ICT application by developing nations to ensure ICT benefits are realised while limiting environmental degradation.
Going Green: A Holistic Approach to Transform Business IJMIT JOURNAL
In recent years environmental and energy conservation issues have taken the central theme in the global business arena. The reality of rising energy cost and their impact on international affairs coupled with the different kinds of environmental issues has shifted the social and economic consciousness of the business community. Hence, the business community is now in search of an eco-friendly business model. This paper highlights the concept of green business and their needs in the current global scenario.
A comparative analysis of cost and benefit of using information technology in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on analyzing the costs and benefits of using information technology in corporate institutions. The study used surveys of 120 IT employees from various sectors to collect data on the costs and benefits of IT use. The key costs identified include hiring and training IT staff, maintaining equipment, staff compensation, utility bills for IT equipment, and royalties. The main benefits included improved communication, increased production speed, faster service delivery, improved marketing avenues, better customer access, higher productivity, and increased market share. The study aimed to quantify these costs and benefits to determine the overall financial impact of IT use and identify how organizations can measure this impact.
Present study aims to investigate the influence of ICTs dimensions (Information Technology (IT),
Management Information System (MIS), Office automation (OA), Intranet and Internet) on workforce
productivity for a group of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt. The population of the study was
managers and staff members working in different areas related to ICTs in the selected industrial
organizations at various managerial levels. Descriptive-statistical combined research study was conducted.
The selection of the participating industrial organization done using simple random sampling technique.
Data collection done using questionnaires. In order to check the validity of the study instrument expert
comments were used and the reliability of the questions calculated as 79% using Cronbach’s Alpha
coefficient. The analysis of instrument data done using single variable t-test, Friedman and variance
analysis. The study findings revealed that the specified dimensions of ICTs positively affect workforce
productivity of industrial organizations in Alexandria - Egypt.
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
This paper presents a model for information technology (IT) sustainability within government organizations in developing countries. Previous studies indicate that most government IT implementations in developing countries fail to be sustained and to achieve their implementation goals. The causes of sustainability failure include technology, economics and financial, political, cultural, and organizations and their people. However, between those factors, organizations and people are most commonly found to be related to IT sustainability failure as neither organization nor their people are adapted to a new environment when IT is implemented. This causes lack of fit between government organizations, the people and the IT, which then results in failure to sustain the technology within their organizations. This study, therefore, proposes a model of government organizational adaptation to sustain IT implementation. In constructing the model, firstly, we examine how the process of adaptation of organizational and people factors are undertaken within government organizations from a variety of e-government studies. Previous studies show that government organizational bureaucracy, management, structure, hierarchy, culture, and business processes, should be adapted to meet the new IT requirements when government organizations are undertaking IT implementation. Government organizations should also change their missions and visions in response to new work systems resulting from IT implementation. Government employees’ skills, at all levels, need to be improved in order for them to be actively involved in the implementation process. Secondly, using constructs from the literature review we identify two published cases of governments IT sustainability failure in India and Indonesia. Both cases of e-government implementation show that the sustainability failure factors are caused by lack of adaptation of organizational and people factors to the IT. Thirdly, a solution as to how the factors should be adapted is proposed and finally a model is constructed. We conclude that government IT sustainability is critically determined in the adaptation process of government organizations and people to the IT during the implementation process. Limitations and future research are then addressed.
081113 It For Energy Conservation And Global WarmingLeedinThailand
This document summarizes green IT initiatives by several major IT companies. It discusses how IBM, British Telecom, Qualcomm, Aplicor, and Fujitsu have implemented programs and technologies to reduce energy usage and carbon emissions through more efficient data centers, virtualization, recycling electronics, and other measures. These companies have seen significant cost savings while also helping address issues of global warming and environmental sustainability.
This document discusses green initiative approaches for reducing costs and waste in data centers. It begins with introducing data centers and green computing. The main problem outlined is the increasing energy consumption and environmental impact of data centers. Several issues with current practices are identified, including limited server utilization and lack of power management. The challenges of implementing green initiatives include limited funds, proving business benefits, and planning. Case studies and economic analyses of solutions like solar power, virtualization, and variable speed drives are provided to demonstrate how green approaches can reduce costs and waste in data centers.
GREEN ICT POLICY MATURITY FOR ACTUALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING IN DEVEL...ijcseit
Green ICT Policy encompasses the frameworks an organization has developed and put in place to apply environmental sustainability criteria throughout its value chain. The lack of appropriate green policy alignment to application of ICT uptake challenges the reaping of the benefits often stated of ICT. Multiple case study design with case from different sectors of the economy selected based on information richness,
accessibility, size as well as diversity in application of ICT was employed. Triangulation of data collection and findings interpretation was utilised. The study established that green ICT policy maturity was very low. In effect, calling for purposed policy set up on green ICT application by developing nations to ensure ICT benefits are realised while limiting environmental degradation.
Going Green: A Holistic Approach to Transform Business IJMIT JOURNAL
In recent years environmental and energy conservation issues have taken the central theme in the global business arena. The reality of rising energy cost and their impact on international affairs coupled with the different kinds of environmental issues has shifted the social and economic consciousness of the business community. Hence, the business community is now in search of an eco-friendly business model. This paper highlights the concept of green business and their needs in the current global scenario.
A comparative analysis of cost and benefit of using information technology in...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on analyzing the costs and benefits of using information technology in corporate institutions. The study used surveys of 120 IT employees from various sectors to collect data on the costs and benefits of IT use. The key costs identified include hiring and training IT staff, maintaining equipment, staff compensation, utility bills for IT equipment, and royalties. The main benefits included improved communication, increased production speed, faster service delivery, improved marketing avenues, better customer access, higher productivity, and increased market share. The study aimed to quantify these costs and benefits to determine the overall financial impact of IT use and identify how organizations can measure this impact.
The document discusses the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in managing schools in Zimbabwe. It provides background on the introduction of computers to replace manual systems in schools in the 1980s and donations of hardware in the 1990s and 2000s. The study aimed to investigate the role of ICT in primary and secondary school management in Harare Province. Literature reviewed discussed advantages like improved efficiency, data storage and reporting, and streamlined processes. Challenges mentioned included lack of consideration for organizational needs during implementation, difficulty interfacing with other systems, and lack of senior management interest limiting ICT use. The document provides context and objectives for a case study on the impacts of ICT on school administration in Zimbabwe.
FACTORS AFFECTING GREEN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENTIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research study on factors affecting green construction project management. The study analyzed factors in five aspects: personnel, materials, financial, managerial, and eco-efficiency. Questionnaires were administered to environmental, construction, and legal personnel. Relative Importance Index analysis identified the top two factors in each aspect. For personnel, the most important factors were attitude towards the project and understanding of the project. For materials, the top factors were usage efficiency and price. For financial, the leading factors were cost increment and changes in construction. For managerial, the most essential factors were related document approval processes and project participant privileges from government. For eco-efficiency, the key factors were material reuse/recycling enhancement and reduction
When it comes to Green IT, businesses have been reactive. Interest in Green IT rises significantly when energy prices increase, and drops just as quickly when prices flatten out. This is typical of the ad-hoc approach taken by most organizations which has led to inconsistent results. This research will help organizations determine:
•Why Green IT is important.
•Examples of Green IT opportunities.
•The state of Green IT today.
•How to implement a successful Green IT program.
In this storyboard, learn how a strategic approach to Green IT and a longer-term commitment to sustainability can positively impact the bottom line.
The document discusses green IT, which aims to minimize the negative environmental impacts of IT and use IT to address environmental issues. It describes green IT concepts like reducing waste, improving energy efficiency through practices like power management, and green IT purchasing. Various practical applications are outlined, such as product longevity, virtualization, and data center optimization. The advantages of green IT include reducing carbon emissions and energy costs, increasing data center cooling efficiency, and reducing server space needs through virtualization.
MEASURING TECHNOLOGICAL, ORGANIZATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING...csandit
This document summarizes a research study that examined factors influencing the adoption intentions of public cloud computing among private sector firms. The study used a proposed integrated model to analyze technological, organizational, and environmental factors. A survey of IT decision makers at 40 firms across various industries received 122 responses. The results found that compatibility, cost savings, trialability, and external support were the most influential factors in adoption intentions. The study provides recommendations to help increase cloud adoption rates among firms and improve cloud services.
Information and communication technologies in social workDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the field of social work. It argues that ICTs have greatly influenced society and will continue to influence the work of social workers and the clients they serve. While ICTs have received some attention in social work literature and curriculum, the level of attention has not matched their growth and impact. The document calls for social work education to provide greater focus on developing ICT competencies, in order to ensure social workers can effectively use technologies and uphold ethical practices in an increasingly digital age.
Research on the field of using social media has gained more importance in the recent days due to the rapid development of social media technologies. Looking at the behavioral intention and attitude of using social media for collaborative learning within Malaysian higher educational institutions and the influencing factors in this regard has received little attention by researchers. The study aims at examining the determinants that affect learners’ attitude and behavior intention regarding their use social media to achieve collaborative learning. Such examination is carried out by using the Theory Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT). A total of 243 participants were recruited for this study. The findings indicated that students’ attitudes and behavior are strong indicators of their intentions in terms of using social media in collaborative learning.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in kenyan public unive...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, a public university in Kenya. It provides background on ERP systems and their benefits. It then describes the research methodology used, which was a descriptive survey and correlation design involving questionnaires and interviews with 60 university staff members from key departments. The findings revealed that 85% of ERP system implementation was accounted for by integrating systems for human resources, finance, procurement, student affairs, and computer science. Gender and duration of ERP system use were also found to significantly influence implementation, with those factors accounting for 28.8% of the implementation.
This document describes a study that examines factors influencing businesses' adoption of electronic business (e-business) in eight European countries. The study develops a conceptual model based on the technology-organization-environment framework. Survey data from 3,100 businesses and 7,500 consumers is used to test the model. The study finds that technology competence, firm size and scope, consumer readiness, and competitive pressure positively influence adoption, while lack of trading partner readiness negatively influences adoption. As e-business intensity increases, consumer and trading partner readiness become less important factors. In high e-business intensity countries, e-business is no longer dominated by large firms, and small firms benefit from network effects. Firms in high intensity countries also appear more cautious
Présentation Green ICT - Tanguy SwinnenMartin Neys
This document discusses green IT governance and outlines several key points:
1. There is growing environmental pressure to reduce the environmental footprint of IT due to issues like global warming and e-waste.
2. Green IT governance can help organizations lower the environmental impact of their IT operations ("Greening of IT") and leverage IT to reduce the environmental footprint of other industries ("Greening by IT").
3. Effective green IT governance requires coordinating efforts across departments like IT, facilities, and procurement to establish strategies, monitor initiatives, and continuously improve sustainability performance over time.
The document discusses green IT and reducing the environmental impact of information technology. It provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Commerce's Green IT Initiative, which aims to help companies reduce energy consumption and costs associated with IT infrastructure. The initiative focuses on increasing energy efficiency in areas like data center management, server virtualization, and power management of desktop computers. Adopting green IT best practices can significantly cut electricity usage and costs, with payback periods often under a year.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12 personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30% and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC” level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be expanded gradually which will overall increase the maturity index level.
EMPLOYEES CHARACTERISTICS IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND PERFORMANCEcsandit
While most studies are concerned with the industry, but for non-profit organizations has not
received much attention. Various have highlighted knowledge transfer (KT) for creates value,
however an obstacle from the perspective among employees still exists. The main problem is
still difficult because employees will not share their knowledge. This study investigated factors
and develop that influence KT among employees of non-profit organizations in Indonesia. The
survey 364 respondents were used, 325 were returned, and 39 were not returned. Likert and
smart PLS to confirm construct. This paper conclude factors that helping others, trust, soft
reward, and personality of employees motivation are factors which influencing the KT
behaviour. Finally, the findings were discussed.
Technology Acceptance Model for Mobile Health SystemsIOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence health-related consumer’s
acceptance to use the mobile technology as a tool for receiving healthcare services. Based on technology
acceptance model (TAM), this paper provides a better understanding of antecedent of key acceptance constructs
(e.g. intention to use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use). The proposed research model and hypotheses
validated and tested with data collected from 302 Egyptians and Yemenis patients, health professionals, and
general health users. The results are analyzed using a number of statistical techniques including partial least
squares. The key findings obtaining from the results of the three surveyed stakeholders reveal that: (1) ninety
percent are indented to use mobile health services. (2) While intention to use has greatly influenced by
perceived usefulness, the impact of perceived ease of use varies. (3) Perceived value, perceived ease of use and
portability factors are significantly affect perceived usefulness. (4) Self-efficacy and technology anxiety have a
great impact on perceived ease of use. (5) The impact of the rest of the suggested factors ranged from medium,
low, and insignificant. The research made an in-depth exploration and examination of the factors that influence
user’s intention to use mobile health services focusing on technological, cultural, organizational, political, and
social aspects whereas most of the previous studies considered only one or two aspects together. The proposed
model can be applied to assess mobile health user’s acceptance, thereby help mobile health developers and
providers to develop better mobile health applications that meet the needs of the potential users.
Keywords: Intention to use, Mobile health, portability, Resistance to change, Technology anxiety, Technology
acceptance model
The ELCC is Egypt's leading e-learning organization that developed a plan to implement green ICT practices. It aims to reduce the environmental impact of ICT through more efficient operations, e-learning courses on green topics, and changing staff behaviors. Key initiatives included optimizing servers and cooling in the data center, enabling remote work and virtual meetings to reduce travel, setting energy saving settings for devices, and training staff on sustainability best practices. Evaluating the results, ELCC found improvements in operational efficiency, cost savings, and reduced power consumption from its green ICT efforts.
This presentation discusses green information technology (GIT) and how organizations can adopt more environmentally sustainable IT practices. It defines key terms like green IT, e-waste, and global warming. The goals of green IT are outlined as reducing energy consumption, proper disposal and recycling, green design and manufacturing. Basic tips are provided like power management settings, reducing paper usage, and virtualization. Pakistan is said to lack skills and compliance in this area. The benefits mentioned are increased efficiency, cost savings, and improved reputation through corporate social responsibility. The first step is recommended to be a green IT audit.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Managing Information Technology (...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
Evolution of green ict implementation in education sector a study of developedIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on the evolution of green ICT implementation in education sectors of developed and developing countries. It discusses the environmental impacts of ICT usage and the need for green ICT practices in educational institutions. The document then reviews how green ICT has developed in different countries and outlines the benefits of green ICT implementation for education institutions, such as minimizing energy consumption, carbon footprint, waste, and costs.
- The document discusses green ICT policy maturity in developing nations. It analyzes case studies from different sectors in Kenya to assess policy maturity levels.
- The study found that green ICT policy maturity was very low across all cases. Most organizations did not have formal policies addressing green data centers, shifting to renewable energy, reducing carbon footprints, environmentally-friendly purchasing, employee ICT use, green supply chain management, electronic waste management, or corporate social responsibility.
- With such immature policies, the study concludes that developing nations are not well-positioned to ensure ICT benefits are realized while limiting environmental degradation. Comprehensive national policies on green computing are needed.
GREEN ICT POLICY MATURITY FOR ACTUALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING IN DEVEL...ijcseit
Green ICT Policy encompasses the frameworks an organization has developed and put in place to apply
environmental sustainability criteria throughout its value chain. The lack of appropriate green policy
alignment to application of ICT uptake challenges the reaping of the benefits often stated of ICT. Multiple
case study design with case from different sectors of the economy selected based on information richness,
accessibility, size as well as diversity in application of ICT was employed. Triangulation of data collection
and findings interpretation was utilised. The study established that green ICT policy maturity was very low.
In effect, calling for purposed policy set up on green ICT application by developing nations to ensure ICT
benefits are realised while limiting environmental degradation.
Green IT refers to using computing resources in an environmentally sustainable way by directly reducing the carbon footprint of an organization's computing operations. Some key issues in Green IT include a lack of transparency in ICT energy costs, material demands of hardware production, and insufficient understanding of ICT lifecycles. Green IT also faces challenges like ICT emissions accounting for an estimated 2-3% of global emissions by 2020, and up to a quarter of PCs being left on 24/7 while servers run idle using 60% of power. Potential solutions involve installing power management software, data center refits, making green IT departments responsible for power bills, and recognizing green IT as a solution rather than a problem.
The document discusses the role of information and communication technology (ICT) in managing schools in Zimbabwe. It provides background on the introduction of computers to replace manual systems in schools in the 1980s and donations of hardware in the 1990s and 2000s. The study aimed to investigate the role of ICT in primary and secondary school management in Harare Province. Literature reviewed discussed advantages like improved efficiency, data storage and reporting, and streamlined processes. Challenges mentioned included lack of consideration for organizational needs during implementation, difficulty interfacing with other systems, and lack of senior management interest limiting ICT use. The document provides context and objectives for a case study on the impacts of ICT on school administration in Zimbabwe.
FACTORS AFFECTING GREEN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENTIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research study on factors affecting green construction project management. The study analyzed factors in five aspects: personnel, materials, financial, managerial, and eco-efficiency. Questionnaires were administered to environmental, construction, and legal personnel. Relative Importance Index analysis identified the top two factors in each aspect. For personnel, the most important factors were attitude towards the project and understanding of the project. For materials, the top factors were usage efficiency and price. For financial, the leading factors were cost increment and changes in construction. For managerial, the most essential factors were related document approval processes and project participant privileges from government. For eco-efficiency, the key factors were material reuse/recycling enhancement and reduction
When it comes to Green IT, businesses have been reactive. Interest in Green IT rises significantly when energy prices increase, and drops just as quickly when prices flatten out. This is typical of the ad-hoc approach taken by most organizations which has led to inconsistent results. This research will help organizations determine:
•Why Green IT is important.
•Examples of Green IT opportunities.
•The state of Green IT today.
•How to implement a successful Green IT program.
In this storyboard, learn how a strategic approach to Green IT and a longer-term commitment to sustainability can positively impact the bottom line.
The document discusses green IT, which aims to minimize the negative environmental impacts of IT and use IT to address environmental issues. It describes green IT concepts like reducing waste, improving energy efficiency through practices like power management, and green IT purchasing. Various practical applications are outlined, such as product longevity, virtualization, and data center optimization. The advantages of green IT include reducing carbon emissions and energy costs, increasing data center cooling efficiency, and reducing server space needs through virtualization.
MEASURING TECHNOLOGICAL, ORGANIZATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING...csandit
This document summarizes a research study that examined factors influencing the adoption intentions of public cloud computing among private sector firms. The study used a proposed integrated model to analyze technological, organizational, and environmental factors. A survey of IT decision makers at 40 firms across various industries received 122 responses. The results found that compatibility, cost savings, trialability, and external support were the most influential factors in adoption intentions. The study provides recommendations to help increase cloud adoption rates among firms and improve cloud services.
Information and communication technologies in social workDr Lendy Spires
This document discusses the importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for the field of social work. It argues that ICTs have greatly influenced society and will continue to influence the work of social workers and the clients they serve. While ICTs have received some attention in social work literature and curriculum, the level of attention has not matched their growth and impact. The document calls for social work education to provide greater focus on developing ICT competencies, in order to ensure social workers can effectively use technologies and uphold ethical practices in an increasingly digital age.
Research on the field of using social media has gained more importance in the recent days due to the rapid development of social media technologies. Looking at the behavioral intention and attitude of using social media for collaborative learning within Malaysian higher educational institutions and the influencing factors in this regard has received little attention by researchers. The study aims at examining the determinants that affect learners’ attitude and behavior intention regarding their use social media to achieve collaborative learning. Such examination is carried out by using the Theory Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT). A total of 243 participants were recruited for this study. The findings indicated that students’ attitudes and behavior are strong indicators of their intentions in terms of using social media in collaborative learning.
Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems in kenyan public unive...Alexander Decker
This document discusses research on the implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, a public university in Kenya. It provides background on ERP systems and their benefits. It then describes the research methodology used, which was a descriptive survey and correlation design involving questionnaires and interviews with 60 university staff members from key departments. The findings revealed that 85% of ERP system implementation was accounted for by integrating systems for human resources, finance, procurement, student affairs, and computer science. Gender and duration of ERP system use were also found to significantly influence implementation, with those factors accounting for 28.8% of the implementation.
This document describes a study that examines factors influencing businesses' adoption of electronic business (e-business) in eight European countries. The study develops a conceptual model based on the technology-organization-environment framework. Survey data from 3,100 businesses and 7,500 consumers is used to test the model. The study finds that technology competence, firm size and scope, consumer readiness, and competitive pressure positively influence adoption, while lack of trading partner readiness negatively influences adoption. As e-business intensity increases, consumer and trading partner readiness become less important factors. In high e-business intensity countries, e-business is no longer dominated by large firms, and small firms benefit from network effects. Firms in high intensity countries also appear more cautious
Présentation Green ICT - Tanguy SwinnenMartin Neys
This document discusses green IT governance and outlines several key points:
1. There is growing environmental pressure to reduce the environmental footprint of IT due to issues like global warming and e-waste.
2. Green IT governance can help organizations lower the environmental impact of their IT operations ("Greening of IT") and leverage IT to reduce the environmental footprint of other industries ("Greening by IT").
3. Effective green IT governance requires coordinating efforts across departments like IT, facilities, and procurement to establish strategies, monitor initiatives, and continuously improve sustainability performance over time.
The document discusses green IT and reducing the environmental impact of information technology. It provides an overview of the U.S. Department of Commerce's Green IT Initiative, which aims to help companies reduce energy consumption and costs associated with IT infrastructure. The initiative focuses on increasing energy efficiency in areas like data center management, server virtualization, and power management of desktop computers. Adopting green IT best practices can significantly cut electricity usage and costs, with payback periods often under a year.
ASCERTAINING THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) MATURITY LEVE...ijait
Information and Communication Technology has indeed been the driving force in most economics of the world owing to its versatility in integrating with most national sectors. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) models have been developed with the sole aim of ascertaining the maturity level in various economic sectors from the perspective of ICT. Due to the divergent impact of ICT in the Banking sector in Nigeria; this research paper has attempted to ascertain the maturity level within the banking sector using KochiKar Model: a Knowledge-driven ICT maturity model. The dataset for analysis was obtained using structured interview approach spread across Ten (10) Nigeria banks, capturing 12 personnel’s each with an overall total of 120 respondents.The ICT maturity parameter indicators show clearly that Application, Human Resource Infrastructure and Policy have varied ratio of: 65%, 46% , 30% and 16%, respectively while the overall maturity index was captured at 0.40 (40%) falling into “BASIC” level within the stages of Kochikar model measurement. These results have highlighted the need in improving policies and infrastructures tremendously while applications and human resources can be expanded gradually which will overall increase the maturity index level.
EMPLOYEES CHARACTERISTICS IN KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER AND PERFORMANCEcsandit
While most studies are concerned with the industry, but for non-profit organizations has not
received much attention. Various have highlighted knowledge transfer (KT) for creates value,
however an obstacle from the perspective among employees still exists. The main problem is
still difficult because employees will not share their knowledge. This study investigated factors
and develop that influence KT among employees of non-profit organizations in Indonesia. The
survey 364 respondents were used, 325 were returned, and 39 were not returned. Likert and
smart PLS to confirm construct. This paper conclude factors that helping others, trust, soft
reward, and personality of employees motivation are factors which influencing the KT
behaviour. Finally, the findings were discussed.
Technology Acceptance Model for Mobile Health SystemsIOSR Journals
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that influence health-related consumer’s
acceptance to use the mobile technology as a tool for receiving healthcare services. Based on technology
acceptance model (TAM), this paper provides a better understanding of antecedent of key acceptance constructs
(e.g. intention to use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use). The proposed research model and hypotheses
validated and tested with data collected from 302 Egyptians and Yemenis patients, health professionals, and
general health users. The results are analyzed using a number of statistical techniques including partial least
squares. The key findings obtaining from the results of the three surveyed stakeholders reveal that: (1) ninety
percent are indented to use mobile health services. (2) While intention to use has greatly influenced by
perceived usefulness, the impact of perceived ease of use varies. (3) Perceived value, perceived ease of use and
portability factors are significantly affect perceived usefulness. (4) Self-efficacy and technology anxiety have a
great impact on perceived ease of use. (5) The impact of the rest of the suggested factors ranged from medium,
low, and insignificant. The research made an in-depth exploration and examination of the factors that influence
user’s intention to use mobile health services focusing on technological, cultural, organizational, political, and
social aspects whereas most of the previous studies considered only one or two aspects together. The proposed
model can be applied to assess mobile health user’s acceptance, thereby help mobile health developers and
providers to develop better mobile health applications that meet the needs of the potential users.
Keywords: Intention to use, Mobile health, portability, Resistance to change, Technology anxiety, Technology
acceptance model
The ELCC is Egypt's leading e-learning organization that developed a plan to implement green ICT practices. It aims to reduce the environmental impact of ICT through more efficient operations, e-learning courses on green topics, and changing staff behaviors. Key initiatives included optimizing servers and cooling in the data center, enabling remote work and virtual meetings to reduce travel, setting energy saving settings for devices, and training staff on sustainability best practices. Evaluating the results, ELCC found improvements in operational efficiency, cost savings, and reduced power consumption from its green ICT efforts.
This presentation discusses green information technology (GIT) and how organizations can adopt more environmentally sustainable IT practices. It defines key terms like green IT, e-waste, and global warming. The goals of green IT are outlined as reducing energy consumption, proper disposal and recycling, green design and manufacturing. Basic tips are provided like power management settings, reducing paper usage, and virtualization. Pakistan is said to lack skills and compliance in this area. The benefits mentioned are increased efficiency, cost savings, and improved reputation through corporate social responsibility. The first step is recommended to be a green IT audit.
Top Cited Articles International Journal of Managing Information Technology (...IJMIT JOURNAL
International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles that contribute new results in all areas of the strategic application of information technology (IT) in organizations. The journal focuses on innovative ideas and best practices in using IT to advance organizations – for-profit, non-profit, and governmental. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia, government and industry to focus on understanding both how to use IT to support the strategy and goals of the organization and to employ IT in new ways to foster greater collaboration, communication and information sharing both within the organization and with its stakeholders. The International Journal of Managing Information Technology seeks to establish new collaborations, new best practices, and new theories in these areas
Evolution of green ict implementation in education sector a study of developedIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on the evolution of green ICT implementation in education sectors of developed and developing countries. It discusses the environmental impacts of ICT usage and the need for green ICT practices in educational institutions. The document then reviews how green ICT has developed in different countries and outlines the benefits of green ICT implementation for education institutions, such as minimizing energy consumption, carbon footprint, waste, and costs.
- The document discusses green ICT policy maturity in developing nations. It analyzes case studies from different sectors in Kenya to assess policy maturity levels.
- The study found that green ICT policy maturity was very low across all cases. Most organizations did not have formal policies addressing green data centers, shifting to renewable energy, reducing carbon footprints, environmentally-friendly purchasing, employee ICT use, green supply chain management, electronic waste management, or corporate social responsibility.
- With such immature policies, the study concludes that developing nations are not well-positioned to ensure ICT benefits are realized while limiting environmental degradation. Comprehensive national policies on green computing are needed.
GREEN ICT POLICY MATURITY FOR ACTUALIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE COMPUTING IN DEVEL...ijcseit
Green ICT Policy encompasses the frameworks an organization has developed and put in place to apply
environmental sustainability criteria throughout its value chain. The lack of appropriate green policy
alignment to application of ICT uptake challenges the reaping of the benefits often stated of ICT. Multiple
case study design with case from different sectors of the economy selected based on information richness,
accessibility, size as well as diversity in application of ICT was employed. Triangulation of data collection
and findings interpretation was utilised. The study established that green ICT policy maturity was very low.
In effect, calling for purposed policy set up on green ICT application by developing nations to ensure ICT
benefits are realised while limiting environmental degradation.
Green IT refers to using computing resources in an environmentally sustainable way by directly reducing the carbon footprint of an organization's computing operations. Some key issues in Green IT include a lack of transparency in ICT energy costs, material demands of hardware production, and insufficient understanding of ICT lifecycles. Green IT also faces challenges like ICT emissions accounting for an estimated 2-3% of global emissions by 2020, and up to a quarter of PCs being left on 24/7 while servers run idle using 60% of power. Potential solutions involve installing power management software, data center refits, making green IT departments responsible for power bills, and recognizing green IT as a solution rather than a problem.
Information Technology Investment in Sustainability and ProfitabilityYasser Al Mimar
The document discusses sustainability and profitability in the information technology industry. It notes that while IT has provided tools to improve productivity, the rapid growth of the sector has overlooked sustainability issues. IT companies must develop new value-added services and think outside the box to promote innovation and build competitive advantage. Sustainability is now a vital topic for organizations and considers economic, environmental, and social impacts. While IT investments can achieve cost savings and revenue growth, adopting sustainability strategies can further enhance profitability. Green IT is growing and organizations are leveraging IT to facilitate sustainability across operations to reduce environmental impacts and costs. Focusing on sustainability provides opportunities for companies to stay profitable by appealing to environmentally conscious customers.
NETWORK MEDIA ATTENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper will provide a novel empirical study for the relationship between network media attention and
green technology innovation and examine how network media attention can ease financing constraints. It
collected data from listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry and performed rigorous
regression analysis, in order to innovatively explore the environmental governance functions of the media.
It found that network media attention significantly promotes green technology innovation. By analyzing the
inner mechanism further, it found that network media attention can promote green innovation by easing
financing constraints. Besides, network media attention has a significant positive impact on green invention
patents while not affecting green utility model patents.
NETWORK MEDIA ATTENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONIJMIT JOURNAL
This paper will provide a novel empirical study for the relationship between network media attention and green technology innovation and examine how network media attention can ease financing constraints. It collected data from listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry and performed rigorous regression analysis, in order to innovatively explore the environmental governance functions of the media. It found that network media attention significantly promotes green technology innovation. By analyzing the inner mechanism further, it found that network media attention can promote green innovation by easing financing constraints. Besides, network media attention has a significant positive impact on green invention patents while not affecting green utility model patents.
NETWORK MEDIA ATTENTION AND GREEN TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION ijcsity
This paper will provide a novel empirical study for the relationship between network media attention and green technology innovation and examine how network media attention can ease financing constraints. It collected data from listed companies in China's heavy pollution industry and performed rigorous regression analysis, in order to innovatively explore the environmental governance functions of the media. It found that network media attention significantly promotes green technology innovation. By analyzing the inner mechanism further, it found that network media attention can promote green innovation by easing financing constraints. Besides, network media attention has a significant positive impact on green invention patents while not affecting green utility model patents.
GLOBAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE IN ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF ENV...ijitcs
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and related research communities can help tackle environmental challenges in developing countries through environmentally sustainable models of economic development. The paper sought to examine the status of current and emerging environmentally friendly technologies, equipment and applications in supporting programs that play a role in addressing environment degradation in Kenya. It also sought to underscore the role of IT in environmentally sustainable consumption. The paper examines what constitutes environment degradation and explores the negative effects of IT infrastructure on the environment. The consequences of E-waste on environment are discussed followed by green IT as part of the solution to environment degradation as a result of adoption of IT. The papers also discuss the available IT infrastructure that can be used to combat the challenges of environment degradation. The paper ends with possible IT infrastructure measures that can be used to mitigate environment degradation.
This document discusses green ICT practices at educational institutions in Maharashtra, India. It begins with background on the growth of ICT usage and resulting environmental impacts. It then reviews concepts of green ICT and the Maharashtra government's green IT policy. The paper analyzes green ICT practices implemented at educational institutions in Maharashtra, such as IT equipment recycling, printer consolidation, and power management. It finds benefits include reduced energy costs, smaller carbon footprint and hazardous waste, and compliance with regulations. The document concludes green ICT can help educational institutions operate sustainably while saving costs and resources.
Study Green IT - More than a passing fad!Florian König
Green IT has significant potential to save resources both within IT systems themselves and by enabling resource efficiencies across the broader economy through intelligent IT solutions. While awareness of the differences between "green in IT" and "green by IT" is growing among companies, there is still room for improvement. The survey found that top management is often the driver of green IT projects but budget responsibility is rarely consolidated below the executive level. Additionally, investment risk and lack of experience were cited as major barriers to green IT implementation. Support from policymakers, consumers, and staff training were areas identified as needing further development to realize green IT's untapped potential.
Fujitsu-ICT-Sustainability-Benchmark-2014 (1)Lee Stewart
The document summarizes the key findings of the 2014 New Zealand ICT Sustainability Benchmark report. The report found that New Zealand's performance in ICT sustainability declined across all areas measured. End user computing and equipment lifecycle management saw the largest drops, while metrics was the lowest scoring area overall. Heavy industry was the top performing sector, while government and retail/logistics performed poorly. The report recommends organizations prioritize improving power management, procurement standards, and metrics collection to enhance ICT sustainability.
This document discusses green IT initiatives in several countries including Japan, the United States, Europe, Korea, Taiwan, Indonesia, and Australia. It notes that IT is projected to account for 6% of global emissions by 2020 compared to 2% currently, so there is an opportunity to leverage IT to reduce emissions in other industries by 15%. The document outlines key drivers for green IT including government mandates, energy efficiency, social responsibility, and opportunities across the IT value chain. It provides examples of green IT programs and data center efficiency in countries like Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. It raises the question of what CIOs can do to implement sustainable IT practices and priorities opportunities to address the product life cycle and consumption.
Green-ict participated to a morning workshop on the subject of Green-IT. Three presentations have illustrated the Green-IT concept : one on Governance, another on Website Optimization and a last one on Project Management.
Optimization Strategy of Utilization of Information and Communication Technol...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Simantri (Integrated Agricultural Systems) Program is an agricultural sector development program having been implemented by Bali Province Government since 2009. One of its objectives is to support the development of integrated and agribusiness-based agricultural diversification. Agribusiness sectors have significant differences if associated with the gap of mastering information and communication technology (ICT). The role of ICT optimally affects motivation for farmers to apply Simantri Program effectively in order to obtain the effects of increasing income and welfare. This study uses survey research design by examining a sample drawn from the existing population. The samples totaled 50 Farmers’ group union scattered in the regencies of Buleleng, Bangli, and Badung. The respondents were purposively determined i.e. three people per Farmers’ group union, so that the total respondents were 150 people. The main variables include usefulness, ease of use and attractiveness of ICT, attitudes towards ICT and usage optimization strategy. Strategies to optimize the utilization of ICT in Simantri Program are designed to add value to the level of success of the Simantri Programme today. Data analysis techniques in the design optimization of the use of ICT strategy model uses PLS-SEM model analysis with analysis tools SmartPLS version 3.0 M3 Strategies to optimize the utilization of ICT in the development of Simantri program in Bali can be done with the highest priority to optimize the level of satisfaction of users of ICT (user satisfaction), in this case the farmers’ group union members, then on the other hand take the steps oriented to impact the use of ICT itself, both individual impact (individual impact) and the impact of organizational (organizational impact), accompanied by an increase in the quality of information systems implemented (system quality).
Greener Pastures is a business plan for a company that will develop and manufacture green building products in India. The plan outlines the need for more sustainable building practices in India given problems of pollution, population growth, and resource depletion. Greener Pastures will locate its manufacturing plant in Mundra, Gujarat, a special economic zone, and will partner with New Ventures India and IBM to develop products like smart grids, efficient lighting and HVAC systems, cool roofs, and water saving technologies. These products will be marketed towards developers and commercial tenants using strategies like educational campaigns, case studies, and positioning the company as a solution for social responsibility. The financial plan estimates the value of the initial real estate investment to be
The document summarizes research conducted on the effectiveness of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs' "Go Green Initiative" in India, which encourages companies to use electronic communication for shareholder documents.
Key findings from surveys of 298 companies across industries include:
- While most companies are aware of the initiative, not all have successfully implemented it due to lack of shareholder email addresses and IT infrastructure.
- The biggest challenges to implementation are lack of investor email IDs and lack of systems to send mass emails.
- Companies expect the initiative to reduce costs and save trees while allowing faster and more frequent shareholder communication.
Similar to A preliminary study of green it readiness in indonesian (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
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A preliminary study of green it readiness in indonesian
1. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.2, No.5, 2012
A Preliminary Study of Green IT Readiness in Indonesian
Organizations
Minsani Mariani1* Karen Imam2
1. School of Information Systems, Binus International, Binus University, Jakarta, Indonesia
2. School of Management, Binus International, Binus University, Jakarta, Indonesia
* E-mail of the corresponding author: mmariani@binus.edu
Abstract
As a follow-up to the previous study titled “IT Professionals Awareness: Green IT International Comparison Study”
written in 2010 by Widjaja, Mariani and Imam, this paper aims to measure Green IT readiness among twenty
organizations in Indonesia as an early indicator to understand the implementation of Green IT initiatives in Indonesia.
The findings were then compared with results derived from similar studies of 143 organizations from Australia, New
Zealand and the USA. Overall, the findings show that the surveyed organizations lacked adequate level of readiness
of Green IT implementation. Current initiatives related to Green IT were driven by cost reduction. Finally
recommendations are proposed to help organizations implement their Green IT initiatives
Keywords: Green IT, Sustainability, Indonesia
1. Introduction
In this era of globalization when individuals and corporations are pursuit of constant improvement, faster
communication and interconnection, IT performs a strategic role in business. Various theories have been proposed
regarding the role of IT in business, such as Powell and Dent (1997): IT as an element of human resources; IT as an
element of business resources; and IT as element of technology resources. These increasingly prevalent elements
evoke two aspects of Green IT: IT as part of the problem and IT as part of the solution.
The first aspect relates to a strategy integrating green initiatives in each phase of the IT product life cycle as
advanced by the National IT and Telecom Agency in the “Green IT guidelines for public authorities” (2008):
• The development phase aims to integrate green material in the design of the IT products and processes to
reduce the energy consumption as well as minimise the waste
• The production phase aims to lower the cost of the production process by reducing the energy consumption
as well as trying to use energy subsidies to reduce CO2
• The usage phase enhances the organizational behaviour of the company in term of users, strategy,
infrastructure
• The disposal phase is far from the most difficult phase to integrate with IT. Companies as well as
governments play a strong role, the first one by controlling the purchase and usage of the IT products; the
second one by creating and implementing strict regulations
The second aspect casts IT as part of the solution for tackling environmental issues, from enabling analysis of carbon
footprints, monitoring and reporting capability to deploying IT solutions to increase energy efficiency and reduce
carbon footprints (Molla et al., 2009).
The latest data from the World Bank shows that with an average GDP growth of 6.1% in 2009 and a population of
230 million, Indonesia represents a major economic actor in South East Asia and the rest of the world; moreover,
Indonesia plays an important role within the ASEAN region and G20. The World Bank publication also indicates that
in 2009 only 1% of Indonesians had access to internet while 63% owned cellular phones. It is then critical to
understand the urgency of implementing Green IT in Indonesia.
2. International background
In the United States, The Environmental Protection Agency has launched its Environmentally Preferable Purchasing
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Vol.2, No.5, 2012
(EPP) program in 1993. As explained on the EPA website [retrieved on June 30th, 2010]: “EPP helps the federal
government ‘buy green,’ and in doing so, uses the federal government's enormous buying power to stimulate market
demand for green products and services. As far as IT is concerned, EPP supports IT equipment’s suppliers who have
fulfilled the green standards applied by EPA and promotes software to measure the energy consumption and
efficiency of data centers and IT supplies”.
Closer to South East Asia, Australia is a good example of Green IT integration. The government has taken serious
initiatives to position Australia as one of the most proactive nations in term of Green IT. Based on the information
shared on the Department of Finance and Deregulation website [retrieved on June 30th, 2010], the Australian
government has developed some guidelines for the private and public sector. The main priorities listed include some
basic changes like the usage of blank screens or static screen savers instead of active screensavers or the necessity to
provide automatic shutdown of desktops and laptops after office hours. It is also suggested that agencies should
measure the power consumption of IT as a component of total power use, as well as using tools and practices to
assist employees reduce the number of printed pages per employee per month. Lastly, agencies should replace
inefficient monitors at the end of their life cycle with more energy-efficient models (e.g. replace CRT monitors with
more energy-efficient alternatives) and finally they are requested to undertake a telephone audit and to consider
technologies that optimize energy-efficiency and minimize duplication of handsets per employee.
3. Green IT Readiness framework
Molla (2009) developed two-dimensions of Green IT – Green IT Reach and Green IT Rich. Green IT Reach refers to
the extent to which Green IT is permeating an organization’s IT activity chain from sourcing/development, operation,
to end-of-IT-life management. While Green IT Rich refers to the extent of maturity of Green IT policies, practices
and technologies. These dimensions combined to form a matrix named the “Green IT Reach-Richness Matrix” as
shown in Table 1. The maturity level in Green IT reach and richness will indicate the strength of a firm’s Green IT
strategy and commitment to the main goals of Green IT initiatives: reduction in e-waste, reduction in energy
consumption, reduction in green house gases, reduction in water and its ability to generate economic return out of the
initiatives.
4. Research Method
This research is largely descriptive providing a preliminary insight into the Green IT diffusion in Indonesian
organizations with a comparison of previous results in other countries. In 2009, Molla and Corbitt (2009) conducted
a similar survey of 143 organizations from three countries: Australia, New Zealand and the USA.
The questionnaire was uploaded to a website, from October to December 2011, to allow participants to access the
survey easily. The first selected sample was based on the same data that the previous research on Green IT Awareness
but narrowed to financial institutions. However following the low response rate, the survey has been sent a second
time to the whole database which meant various sectors responded. With not much feedback, the author has tried to
extend the research to wider database by asking help from the organizer of the Indonesian Green IT conference 2011
as well as to the research department of their institution. Unfortunately the sample has shown a very poor interest in
supporting this research and after sending the questionnaire to more than 1000 persons, only 20 replied. This rate
could have been influenced by several causes. It was the end of year, a busy period where most of the managers have
to focus on their team achievement. Other possible cause is that the questionnaire was written in English; in addition,
the low Green IT readiness of the sample organizations could have influenced the motivation to respond.
5. Profile of Respondents
Among the 20 surveyed institutions, 65 percent of the respondents were Senior Managers ranging from Chief
Executive Officer, Chief Information Officer or IT Department Head. Others (35%) held various positions such as IT
Consultant, IT manager and IT support. The industry backgrounds varied from Financial (30%), IT (30%),
Telecommunication (25%) and the remaining 15 percent consisted of two government institutions, a media
corporation, an education institution and an automobile dealer.
6. Results
6.1 The pervasiveness of Green IT awareness
Awareness among IT and business leaders play a significant role in deploying Green IT initiatives. It measures the
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extent to which they are aware and interested about the economical, strategic, regulatory, environmental and social
concerns related to the use of IT. As described by Galtung (1986), whether an individual joins the green movement,
is dependent on subjective motivation and subjective capability. In addition, Chan and Yam (1995) found that to
encourage people to act environmentally, emotional appeal has a stronger impact than logical reasoning or factual
description of harmful effects from environmental pollution, as the knowledge of an individual is only weakly related
to self-reported actual environmental behaviour. Therefore IT and business leaders’ attitude to environmental
concerns will be one of a key factor in determining the effectiveness of an organization in tackling the Green IT
issues.
Findings shows the efficiency of cooling and lighting data centres and IT energy consumption as the top issues. This
result replicates similar trends in other countries surveyed in 2009 but the level of maturity was higher than the result
derived in Indonesia. Figure 1 depicts the comparison of the pervasiveness of Green IT awareness between Indonesia
and other countries.
6.2 The Maturity of Green Policies
The maturity of Green policies measures the extent to which green and sustainability policies are developed
throughout an organization and permeate the value chain. Three value chain areas can be considered to assess the
extent of the maturity of Green IT policies - IT sourcing, IT operations/services and IT end-of-life management
(Molla, 2009).
The result indicates deficiencies in having such policies in place in Indonesia. Despite the level of maturity,
employees use of IT in an energy-efficient manner is the top issues. It demonstrates the policies related to green
issues in Indonesia are still at a very basic stage while other countries show more coverage. Figure 2 explains such
comparison.
6.3 The Maturity of Green IT Sourcing Practices
The maturity of Green IT sourcing practices measures the extent to which environmental considerations are factored
in IT and other purchasing decisions. Rao and Holt (2005) argued that green sourcing revolves around evaluating the
environmental behavior of suppliers and partnering with suppliers to improve their performances. Therefore
involvement of suppliers is a critical element of Green IT sourcing practice. The result derived from the surveyed
Indonesian organizations shows very little concern about environmental consideration. In comparison such practices
were more widely deployed in New Zealand, Australia and the USA as shown in Figure 3.
6.4 The Maturity of Green IT Operation Practices
The maturity of Green IT operation practices examines the extent of actions to reduce power consumption. Such
actions can range from clients to server. For example, at the client level, such as “slowing down processors, spinning
down hard disks and shutting off monitors” while the server level includes retiring systems, operating existing
systems in an efficient manner; and migrating to more energy efficient platforms by using, for example, blade servers.
The result derived from Indonesian organizations indicates a lack of such practices. Figure 4 compares Green IT
operation practices maturity between Indonesia and other countries.
6.5 The Maturity of Green IT disposal practices
The maturity of Green IT disposal practices measures the compliance of equipment/machinery manufactures, users,
and resellers in Green IT end of life management. Alsever (2008) stated that IT manufacturers should provide
information whether the IT equipment and/or packaging is reusable because crushing and/or burning these IT
equipments or materials could harm the environment. The finding shows that such practices were poorly deployed in
the surveyed Indonesian organizations while other countries result indicated a higher degree of maturity as described
in Figure 5.
6.6 The Maturity of Green IT Technologies & Green Data Center Physical Infrastructure
The maturity of Green IT Technologies measures how an organization acquiring more environmentally effective
(greener) technologies. Some of the commonly adopted green technologies include server virtualization, IT recycling,
data centre energy optimization and rightsizing IT equipment (Info~Tech, 2007). Despite the lower maturity
compared to the result from other countries, Indonesian organizations showed better maturity level in Green IT
Technologies in comparison of other elements of Green IT maturity levels (Figure 6 and Figure 7). This result
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Vol.2, No.5, 2012
indicates that the key driver of deployment of “greener” technologies is more influenced by cost reduction.
6.7 Green IT Governance
Green IT Governance refers to the management infrastructure to implement Green IT. It is the operating model that
defines the administration of Green IT initiatives (Molla, 2009). It is needed to establish clear roles, responsibilities,
accountability and control of Green IT initiatives. The result shows deficiencies in establishing clarity of
management infrastructure related to Green IT initiatives implementation. Figure 8 shows the comparison of Green
IT Governance between Indonesia and other countries.
7. Discussion and Conclusion
Based on the data gathered, we can conclude that the understanding and adoption of Green IT in Indonesia still has a
lot of room for improvement. In comparison to the 2009 data from US, New Zealand and Australia, for which
technically Green IT should still, be in its early stages, Indonesia is showing significant deficiencies in both the
breadth and depth of Green IT adoption.
Reducing energy consumption has been the focus and effective driver in the pursuit of corporate environmentalism’s
target as well as a top priority for organizations seeking ways to reduce costs. Research conducted by IDC (2007)
supported this argument that IT organizations rate power efficiency of products and systems as their number one
concern. Power reduction initiatives such as new data centre designs and architectures, consolidated facilities,
consolidated servers, blade technology, and virtualization have led to environmental sustainability or "Green IT"
benefits and reductions in carbon emissions. However, focusing merely on data centres will not be sufficient. A
broadened approach has been deployed which also takes into account the entire lifecycle of IT equipment including
acquisition, utilization, and retirement. The findings on Indonesian context show a higher maturity on Green IT
technologies compared to other maturity levels. This result indicates that one strategy for reducing energy
consumption has been deployed through “greener” technologies.
Stronger effort to broaden financial objectives to the other organizational objectives such as environmental objective
(managing IT life cycle) as well as corporate social responsibilities (managing social impact with broad stakeholders)
are required. Policies and practices to control organizational behaviour in reducing carbon footprint are suggested to
be developed and deployed referring to the three objectives: financial, social and environmental sustainability. The
next challenges will be monitoring and auditing the implementation of Green IT initiatives. Last but not least,
commitment from the stakeholders is important. This commitment can be attempted by having a continuous dialogue
among the stakeholders.
A limitation of this research is the small sample size. Therefore the findings will only be considered as a preliminary
study and further data is required before conducted any generalization. Further research on wider geographical and
industry samples is recommended. It is also suggested to conduct a similar survey within the same year in order to
avoid any findings’ difference due to the time line. This research can be repeated every year to keep abreast of the
progress of awareness level in each country. Conducting online surveys might be considered in order to spread the
questionnaire to other countries with the help and support of other universities or companies that have an interest in
Green IT.
References
Alsever, J. (2008). “The ‘green’ way to dump electronic junk” [Online] Available:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24163506/ (June 30, 2010)
Chan, R.Y. & Yam, E. (1995). “Green movement in a newly industrializing area: A survey on the attitudes and behaviour
of the Hong Kong citizens”, Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 5, pp 273-284.
Department of Finance and Deregulation [Online] Available
http://www.finance.gov.au/e-government/strategy-and-governance/ict-reform-program.html (June 30, 2010)
Galtung, J. 1986. “The green movement: A socio-historical exploration”, International Sociology, (1:1), pp 75-90.
IDC (2007). Green IT Survey [Online] Available: http://www.idc.com (June 30, 2010)
Info~Tech (2007). Exercise Environmentally Preferable Purchasing for a Healthier Plant and Pocketbook, Info~Tech
Research Group, October 22, pp 1
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Vol.2, No.5, 2012
Molla, A. (2009). The Reach and Richness of Green IT: A Principal Component Analysis. Association for
Information Systems (ACIS) 2009 Proceedings.
Molla, A. Cooper, V. Corbitt, B. Deng, H. Peszynski, K. Pittayachawan, S. Teoh, S Y. (2008). E-readiness to
Greadiness: Developing a green information technology readiness framework. 19th Australasian Conference on
Information Systems, Christchurch, New Zealand, December 3-5.
Molla, A., Pittyawachawan, S. and Corbitt, B. (2009). Green IT Difussion: An International Comparison. Green IT
Working Paper No.1, RMIT University [Online] Available: http://Greenit.bf.rmit.edu.au (March 30, 2012)
National IT and Telecom Agency (2008). Green IT guidelines for public authorities.
Powell, T.C. and Dent, A. (2009). Information Technology as Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human, Business
and Technology Resources. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18 (5), p.375-405.
Rao, P. & Holt, D. 2005. “Do green supply chains lead to competitiveness and economic performance?”,
International Journal of Operations & Production Management, (25:9), pp 898-916.
The Environmental Protection Agency [Online] Availbale: www.epa.gov (June 30, 2010)
Widjaja, N.D., Mariani, M., and Imam, K. (2011). IT Professionals Awareness: Green IT International Comparison
Study. Communications of the IBIMA, Vol. 2011 (2011). [Online]. Available
http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/CIBIMA/cibima.html
Minsani Mariani was born in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1966. She earned her bachelor degree in Electrical Engineering
in 1991 from Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia and her MBA degree in 2000 from
University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United of Kingdom. Currently she is pursuing her doctoral degree in
Strategic Management from University of Indonesia (UI), Jakarta, Indonesia. The area of study includes
sustainability, technology acceptance, e-commerce and strategic management.
Karen Imam was born in Athis-Mons, France in 1978. She earned her bachelor degree in Business in 1998 from
Insitute Universitaire of Technology, Montpellier, France and her Master degree in International Business in 2001
from ESG Management School, Paris, France. The area of study includes organizational behaviour, sustainability and
cross cultural management.
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ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
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Table 1. The Green IT Reach-Richness Matrix (Molla et al., 2009)
Green IT Richness Dimension
Policies Practices Technologies and systems
The practice of analysing the Green
Sourcing
The extent to which an organisation Information systems that track, monitor
track record of IT hardware, software
has articulated a guideline (s) for an and analyse the carbon foot print of
and services providers, incorporating
Environmentally preferable suppliers such as supplier sustainability
Green considerations in IT procurement
purchasing of IT. assessment tools.
Green IT Reach Dimension
decisions.
New technologies and systems for (a)
Encompasses the extent to which the
reducing the energy consumption of
services provided by the IT Green IT operation practices refer to
powering and cooling corporate IT
Operations
infrastructure support issues eco-considerations in operating the IT
assets (such as data centres) (b)
encapsulated in business and network critical physical
optimizing the energy efficiency of IT
sustainability. Some of the policy infrastructure in data centres and
assets (c) reducing IT induced
considerations include PC power beyond and operational actions
Greenhouse gas emissions (d)
management; policy on staff designed to improve the energy
supplanting carbon emitting business
computer usage and Green data performance of corporate IT assets
practices and (e) analysing a businesses
centres
total environmental footprint.
Disposal
Information systems that
Practices in reusing, recycling and
End of IT life management policy track the disposal of IT in
disposing IT hardware
an eco-friendly way.
Indonesia
Source: Molla et al. (2009)
Figure 1. The Pervasiveness of Green IT Awareness in Indonesia compared with other countries
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Source: Molla et al. (2009)
Figure 2. The Maturity of Green Policies in Indonesia compared with other countries
Indonesia
Source: Molla et al. (2009)
Figure 3. The Maturity of Green IT sourcing practices in Indonesia compared with other countries
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Indonesia
Source: Molla et al. (2009)
Figure 4. The Maturity of Green IT operation practices in Indonesia compared with other countries
Figure 5. The Maturity of Disposal practice in Indonesia compared with other countries
Indonesia
Source: Molla et al. (2009)
Figure 6. The Maturity of Green IT Technologies in Indonesia compared with other countries
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Indonesia
Source: Molla et al. (2009)
Figure 7. The maturity of Green Data Center Physical Infrastructure compared with other countries
Figure 8. Green IT governance in Indonesia compared with other countries
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