Additional protections and consideration needed for newborn healthcare. There are ten specific tasks you must do to care for your newborn. The best child specialist in Jalandhar, Kamal Hospital, has the best team of professionals available to take care of all of your baby's guidelines.

1. Common Baby & Child
Specialist Medical conditions
Dr Kamal Gupta
KAMAL
MULTISPECIALITY HOSPITAL

2. Introduction
 Common Baby and Children Conditions
 Hyperbilirubinemia in newborns (Physiologic Jaundice)
 Colic
 Flu and common cold
 Infected Ears
 Fever
 Irritation and Vomiting
 Baby spitting up
 Diarrhea
 Oral thrush or diaper dermatitis
 Breathing Issues, Mouth Issues
 Feeding Issues
 Eradicating Issues
 Camel hat

3. Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
 Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin level above 5 mg per dL
(86 μmol per L) is one of the most common problems encountered in
newborns.
 Newborns produce bilirubin at a rate of approximately 6 to 8 mg per kg per
day.
 Newborns produce twice the rate of adults due to increased red blood cell
turnover in neonates.
 Bilirubin production typically declines to the adult level within 10 to 14
days after birth.
 The average full-term newborn will have a peak bilirubin level of 6mg/dl on
the third or fourth day of life.
 Levels usually go down to about 2-3mg/dl by the end of the first week,
gradually reaching the adult value of 1mg/dl by the end of the second week.
 Phototherapy should be initiated when the total serum bilirubin level is at or
above 15 mg per dL (257 mol per L) in infants 25 to 48 hours old, 18 mg per
dL (308 mol per L) in infants 49 to 72 hours old, and 20 mg per dL (342 mol
per L) in infants older than 72 hours.
 Jaundice typically results from the deposition of unconjugated bilirubin
pigment in the skin and mucus membranes.

4. Pathophysiology
Babies in womb need higher Hb (RBCs) to get oxygen from mother’s blood
After birth, fetal hemoglobin (Hb) broken down
Bilirubin is the final product of degradation of heme of these extra red blood
cells (RBCs)
Excess bilirubin is removed from the bloodstream by the liver and excreted in the
stool
The newborn’s immature liver may not excrete the bilirubin fast enough in the
first days after birth
Hyperbilirubinemia (Physiological Jaundice) (especially common in
premature and low birth weight infants and Babies who don’t feed and stool
often enough during the early days )

5. Treatment
 Feed the baby early and often.
 colostrum acts as a laxative, and frequent stooling lowers bilirubin levels.
 Keep track of urine and stool output
 Avoid water supplements. Only 2%of the bilirubin is excreted in the urine,
and 98% in the stools. Colostrum and milk contain fat, which stimulates
bowel movements, and water can just fill the baby up so that he is less
interested in nursing.
 Encourage the baby to stay awake and to feed at least every two hours.
Jaundice makes the baby sleepy.
 Supplement with the expressed milk. If the baby is sleepy at the breast, and
is having fewer than three large bowel movements in 24 hours, consider
expressing the milk after feedings and give it to him (preferably not with a
bottle at this stage – he may become confused by rubber nipples if he is only
a few days old). Use a dropper, syringe, cup, or tube-feeding device if
possible.
 Expose the baby to indirect sunlight. Undress him down to his diaper and
put him in a room that gets a lot of light. His skin is very sensitive, so never
put him in direct sunlight.
 Avoid medications such as aspirin and sulfa drugs.

6. Colic
 Colic is defined as a crying lasts for more than 3 hours
a day, 3 days per week for more than 3 weeks.
 Colicky babies usually get fussy toward the end of the
day, but colic can happen at any time.
 Colic affects as many as 25 percent of babies. Colic
usually starts a few weeks after birth and often improves
by age 3 months. By ages 4 to 5 months, the majority of
babies with colic have improved.

7. Possible Mechanisms of
Development
Infants swallow air Mothers’ diet Infants have
During feeding containing gas immature
and crying producing foods digestive
cabbage, broccoli, system and
cauliflower, volatile lack of probiotics
chemicals, allergens, etc.
Increase gas and Trace elements Indigestion
Bloating passed to the baby
through the breast milk
Gas & Bloating
COLIC

8. Colic
Symptoms
 Predictable crying episodes. A baby who has colic often
cries about the same time every day, usually in the late
afternoon or evening. The crying usually begins suddenly
and for no clear reason. The baby may have a bowel
movement or pass gas near the end of the colic episode.
 Intense or inconsolable crying. Colic crying is intense and
often high pitched. The baby's face may flush, and he or she
is extremely difficult to comfort.
 Posture changes. Curled up legs, clenched fists and tensed
abdominal muscles are common during colic episodes.

9. Colic
Causes
 The cause of colic is unknown. Researchers have explored a number
of possibilities, including allergies, lactose intolerance, an immature
digestive system, maternal anxiety, and differences in the way a baby
is fed or comforted. Yet it's still unclear why some babies have colic
and others don't.
Risk factors
 Infants of mothers who smoke during pregnancy or after delivery
have a greater risk of developing colic.
 Colic doesn't occur more often among firstborns or formula-fed
babies.
Complications
 Colic doesn't cause any lasting medical consequences. Babies who
have colic grow and develop normally.

10. Colic Treatment
Drugs
 Colic improves on its own, often by age 3 months.
 Some physicians prescribe medications, like…
 Simethicone is probably the only harmless medication, but it has not
been shown to provide significant benefit compared with placebo.
 Dicyclomine hydrochloride (Bentyl) was previously widely used but
was later found to be associated with apnea, coma, and death.
 Hyoscyamine sulfate (Levsin) may cause anticholinergic toxicity.
 Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) causes sedation but may cause
paradoxical agitation and should not be used in children younger than 1
year old.
 Other drugs that are no longer recommended for colic include
phenobarbital and paregoric, mainly because of the dangerous side
effect of oversedation.
 Some research suggests that treatment with probiotics (substances that help
maintain the natural balance of "good" bacteria in the digestive tract) can
soothe colic. More research is needed to determine the effects of probiotics
on colic.

11. Contact Us
Address : Kamal Multispeciality Hospital Doaba Chowk Jalandhar,
Punjab
+91 9876960100
+91 9770200027
+91 9770200017
24x7 Emergency: +91 9417042042
24x7 Pharmacy: +91 9501103140
Email: kamalmultispeciality@yahoo.com
Website: https://www.kamalmultispeciality.com/departments/nicu-
child-specialist-jalandhar/