The document discusses the challenges in identifying edible versus poisonous mushrooms and the symptoms associated with different types of mushroom poisoning, including early neurologic and muscarinic symptoms. It emphasizes that mushroom toxicity cannot be reliably identified by appearance alone and describes the treatment options available for mushroom poisoning cases, including the use of activated charcoal and monitoring for severe symptoms. The most dangerous mushroom, Amanita phalloides, is highlighted, which is responsible for a significant percentage of mushroom poisoning fatalities.

2. ‫کا‬ ‫اس‬ ‫اور‬ ‫زیریت‬ ‫کی‬ ‫مشروم‬
‫اعالج‬
‫از‬
‫ناز‬ ‫عشرت‬ ‫ڈاکٹر‬
‫اینڈ‬
‫خان‬ ‫داد‬ ‫هللا‬

3. Difference Between Edible and
Poisionous Mushroom
 Differentiating toxic and nontoxic species
in the wild is difficult, even for highly
knowledgeable people. Folklore rules are
unreliable, and the same species may
have varying degrees of toxicity
depending on where and when they are
harvested

4. Difference Between Edible and
Poisionous Mushroom
 If patients have eaten an unidentified
mushroom, identifying the species can
help determine specific treatment.
However, because an experienced
mycologist is seldom available for
immediate consultation, treatment of
patients who become ill after mushroom
ingestion is usually guided by symptoms.

5. Difference Between Edible and
Poisionous Mushroom
 If a sample of the mushroom, uningested
or from the patient’s emesis, is available,
it can be sent to a mycologist for analysis.

6. Early neurologic symptoms
 Mushrooms that cause early neurologic
symptoms include hallucinogenic
mushrooms, which are usually ingested
recreationally because they contain
psilocybin, a hallucinogen. The most
common are members of
the Psilocybe genus, but some other
genera contain psilocybin.

7. Early neurologic symptoms
 Symptoms begin within 15 to 30 min and
include euphoria, enhanced imagination,
and hallucinations. Tachycardia and
hypertension are common, and
hyperpyrexia occurs in some children;
however, serious consequences are rare.

8. Early neurologic symptoms
 Treatment occasionally involves sedation
(eg, with benzodiazepines).

9. Early muscarinic symptoms
 Mushrooms that cause early muscarinic
symptoms include members of
the Inocybe and Clitocybe genera.

10. Early muscarinic symptoms
 Symptoms may include the SLUDGE
syndrome (see Table: Common Toxic
Syndromes (Toxidromes)), including
miosis, bronchorrhea, bradycardia,
diaphoresis, wheezing, and fasciculations.
Symptoms are usually mild, begin within
30 min, and resolve within 12 h.
 Atropine may be given to treat severe
muscarinic symptoms (eg, wheezing,
bradycardia).

11. Is it possible to tell if a wild mushroom
is poisonous?
 You can't tell for sure if a mushroom is
poisonous by looking at it, unless you are
an expert at identifying mushrooms.

12. Is it possible to tell if a wild mushroom
is poisonous?
 There are no tests to help you tell a
poisonous mushroom from a
nonpoisonous mushroom.

13. Does it help to see how the wild
mushroom is growing?
 Yes, a little. Mushrooms growing in the
ground are more dangerous than
mushrooms growing on living trees.

14. Does it help to see how the wild
mushroom is growing?
 Mushrooms on the ground in forests are
usually more dangerous to people than
mushrooms on lawns

15. What are the symptoms of mushroom
poisoning?
 Early symptoms of mushroom poisoning
include nausea, stomach cramps,
vomiting and diarrhea (which is
sometimes bloody).

16. What are the symptoms of mushroom
poisoning?
 Symptoms may show up right after the
mushroom was eaten or may appear
several hours later.

17. What are the symptoms of mushroom
poisoning?
 Typically, mushrooms that produce
symptoms within 2 hours are less
dangerous than mushrooms that produce
symptoms later (after 6 hours).

18. What will happen in my doctor's office
or the emergency room?
If the person has thrown up, the worst is
probably over. Activated charcoal may be
given to induce vomiting if vomiting has
not already occurred.

19. What will happen in my doctor's office
or the emergency room?
 The person's temperature, heart rate and
blood pressure will be checked. He or she
will be watched closely for severe
symptoms and complications due to
mushroom poisoning.

20. What will happen in my doctor's office
or the emergency room?
In severe cases that are caused by highly
poisonous mushrooms, complications can
include seizures, kidney and/or liver
failure, and even death.

21. What will happen in my doctor's office
or the emergency room?
 The person will probably be sent home if
he or she has no symptoms of severe
poisoning, and if the mushroom is
identified as harmless. Your doctor will
ask you to watch the person for any
symptoms of mushroom poisoning for the
next 24 hours.

22.  The most toxic Amanita mushroom
is Amanita phalloides, which causes 95%
of mushroom poisoning deaths. Initial
gastroenteritis, which may occur 6 to 12 h
after ingestion, can be severe;
hypoglycemia can occur. Initial symptoms
abate for a few days; then liver failure
and sometimes renal failure develop.
 .

23.  Initial care involves close monitoring for
hypoglycemia and possibly repeated
doses of activated charcoal. Treatment of
liver failure may require liver
transplantation; other specific treatments
(eg, N -acetylcysteine, high-dose
penicillin, silibinin, IV fat emulsion) are
unproved.