Presentation to the World Conference on Science Literacy in September 2018 in which I argue that science literacy is just one of many difference communication objectives that scientists might pursue through their communication efforts.
China 2016: Overview of public opinion about science with a special focus on ...John C. Besley
Presentation delivered at Nanjing Agriculture University with a focus on what Americans think about science, as well as additional slides emphasizing the importance of people perception in support for science.
Public Communication of Science and Technology (PCST) meeting presentation - ...John C. Besley
Draft results of 2015-2016 scientist surveys with discussion focused on comparisons between societies. More complete analysis to follow. Check against delivery.
2022 - Fostering Strategic Science Communication related to TrustJohn C. Besley
This was a 1-hour talk for some colleagues at Northwestern. Laid out three things: What we've heard from talking to people in the scientific community about science communication, how we think about science communication through the lens of strategy, and how we study how scientists think about communication choices.
Slides from a 2017 presentation to the Science Policy Fellows program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C. For more see: https://mattnisbet.substack.com/p/building-a-civic-science-culture
2021 - Communicating Astronomy with the Public TalkJohn C. Besley
An updated version of the 'strategic science communication' talk for astronomy communicators. Focuses more deeply on the goals that might make the most sense for basic science researchers.
Day1 Civic Science Lab: Experts in the Policymaking Process & Models of Scien...Matthew Nisbet
http://climateshiftproject.org/civic-science-lab-day-1/
In the morning session, we will spend time discussing how science and expert advice is used in the policy process; and the different roles that scientists and their organizations can and should play. We will also discuss how scientists generally tend to view the public, the media and the political process and how these assumptions might influence their participation in public life.
In the afternoon session, we will move to discussing the factors that influence public understanding, judgements and decisions. This research has informed different approaches to public outreach, education and communication. For each approach, we will draw on examples relevant to issues and topics that you work on or care deeply about.
China 2016: Overview of public opinion about science with a special focus on ...John C. Besley
Presentation delivered at Nanjing Agriculture University with a focus on what Americans think about science, as well as additional slides emphasizing the importance of people perception in support for science.
Public Communication of Science and Technology (PCST) meeting presentation - ...John C. Besley
Draft results of 2015-2016 scientist surveys with discussion focused on comparisons between societies. More complete analysis to follow. Check against delivery.
2022 - Fostering Strategic Science Communication related to TrustJohn C. Besley
This was a 1-hour talk for some colleagues at Northwestern. Laid out three things: What we've heard from talking to people in the scientific community about science communication, how we think about science communication through the lens of strategy, and how we study how scientists think about communication choices.
Slides from a 2017 presentation to the Science Policy Fellows program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C. For more see: https://mattnisbet.substack.com/p/building-a-civic-science-culture
2021 - Communicating Astronomy with the Public TalkJohn C. Besley
An updated version of the 'strategic science communication' talk for astronomy communicators. Focuses more deeply on the goals that might make the most sense for basic science researchers.
Day1 Civic Science Lab: Experts in the Policymaking Process & Models of Scien...Matthew Nisbet
http://climateshiftproject.org/civic-science-lab-day-1/
In the morning session, we will spend time discussing how science and expert advice is used in the policy process; and the different roles that scientists and their organizations can and should play. We will also discuss how scientists generally tend to view the public, the media and the political process and how these assumptions might influence their participation in public life.
In the afternoon session, we will move to discussing the factors that influence public understanding, judgements and decisions. This research has informed different approaches to public outreach, education and communication. For each approach, we will draw on examples relevant to issues and topics that you work on or care deeply about.
An invited talk given to a group of neuroethics researchers. The focus of the discussion was how we might think about the likely outcomes of engagement activities. This is similar to some previous talks but also includes some new bits and pieces that reflect our continued effort to work through these ideas. Appreciated the chance to share.
LTAR 2021 - Strategic Science Communication - A Focus on GoalsJohn C. Besley
Short talk (and long discussion) about the value of being strategic in science communication the context of the annual meeting of the Long Term Agroecosystem Research Network (LTAR).
A presentation created to look at whether there is any truth to the idea that religion, in particular Biblical Inerrancy (Christian Fundamentalism), is a barrier to the Public's Acceptance of Scientific Knowledge.
Identity, Academia & Community: Research & Implications for Broadening Partic...Monica Feliu-Mojer, Ph.D.
Social identity, or the intersection between race/ethnicity and gender identity, strongly influences women and underrepresented minority (URM) students’ interest and persistence in STEM. This session discussed recent research findings and discuss how they can be translated into programs and practices to broaden participation in STEM. Presented at the 2015 SACNAS National Conference by Dr. Paul Hernandez, Dr. Kenny Gibbs, Jr. and Dr. Giovanna Guerrero-Medina. Moderated by Dr. Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer and Dr. Yaihara Fortis-Santiago.
How Do You want Scientists to be PerceivedJohn C. Besley
Slides for a April 1 plenary talk at the International Society for Biosafety Research talk in Tarragona, Spain, April 1, 2019. The talk focuses on the idea of strategic science communication in the context of genetic engineering. It emphasizes the importance of setting behavioral goals and then figuring out what types of communication objectives could ethically help you reach these goals over time. It further argued that public engagement activities should be understood as tactics meant to foster cognitive engagement and thus the formation of meaningful beliefs. The primary emphasis of the talk was on choosing communication tactics that have the potential to foster beliefs about scientists' warmth, openness, value similarity, honesty, and competence.
Dustin,A case study is defined by Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhi.docxbrownliecarmella
Dustin,
A case study is defined by Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill (2015), as when a researcher collects in the field observations and documentation of information from multiple sources to study a current event. The phenological design is referenced by Saunders et al. (2015), as the respondent’s explanation and remembrance of the activities and involvements being studied. These are quite diverse in being unbiased and factual.
There are other distinctions, such as time and costs associated with each one. The case study requires one person from 1 company, the multiple case study requires at least three companies with at least two persons, and the phenological design requires at least 20 persons. The amount of time commitment to speak to 20 people for 1 hour, is more significant than the amount of time needed to speaks to fewer persons being interviewed or surveyed as part of the study. This time obligation will also transect the financial aspect of the need for additional funding for the research, if more time is needed, then transversely proportional is the monetary aspect (Walden, 2019).
Benefits of Using a Case Study for DBA Doctoral Research
The benefits of using a case study for doctoral research is the cost savings and time required to complete or accomplish the study (Saunders et al., 2015; Yin, 2018). The case study is still a factual designed, based on developing true aspects, but is less problematic than the phenological design.
References
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2015). Research methods for business students (7th ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Education Unlimited.
Walden University. (2019). DBA doctoral study rubric and research handbook. Available from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcenter/osra/dba
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Marshall
To begin a discussion about case study design and phenomenological research design it is important to define qualitative data. Sanders, Lewis and Thornhill (2015) define qualitative data as data that can be characterized by the richness and fullness of information that is used to explore a subject in a real setting where the researcher derives meaning from images and words, not numbers and data. The quality of qualitative research is defined by the interaction between the data collection process, such as a case study, and the analysis used to explore the meanings of the data (Sanders et al., 2015).
When determining the type of qualitative research that the researcher will conduct it is important to determine the method of collection and how it will be used to analyze the empirical evidence. Yin (2018) proposes that multiple research method can be used for exploratory, descriptive and explanatory studies if properly applied to the research topic. However, there is often one methodology that is more appropriate to address the research q.
Who to believe: How epistemic cognition can inform science communication (key...Simon Knight
Who to believe? How epistemic cognition can inform science communication
Two patients with the same condition decide to research possible treatments. They encounter multiple sources, from experts and others, each with different – sometimes contradictory – information. Depending on whom they believe and how they integrate these claims, the patients may make radically different decisions. These situations are commonplace in everyday life, from medical choices, to our voting decisions. How do we understand these differences, and support people in making the best decisions?
Epistemic cognition provides one lens onto this problem. Epistemic cognition is the study of how people think about the justification, source, complexity, and certainty of knowledge. When we evaluate evidence, think about where and when it applies, and connect claims to build models, we engage our epistemic cognition. Understanding how people navigate their own, and others’ knowledge is one of the most pressing social issues of our time in order to develop a sustainable society. I’ll draw on research in epistemic cognition, and my own research on how people search for and talk about evidence, to flag key implications of epistemic cognition research for science communication.
QUESTIONS1. How could the company have erred so badly in its est.docxaudeleypearl
QUESTIONS
1. How could the company have erred so badly in its estimates of spending patterns of European customers?
2. Could a better reading of the effect of cultural differences on revenues have been achieved?
3. What suggestions do you have for fostering a climate of sensitivity and goodwill in corporate dealings with the French?
4. How do you account for the great success of Tokyo Disneyland and the problems of Euro Disney? What are the key contributory differences?
5. Do you believe that Euro Disney might have done better if it were located elsewhere in Europe rather than just outside Paris? Why or why not?
6. “Mickey Mouse and the Disney Park are an American cultural abomination.” Evaluate this critical statement.
7. Consider how a strong marketing approach might be made to both European consumers and middlemen, such as travel agents, tour guides, even bus drivers.
8. Discuss the desirability of raising admission prices at the very time when attendance is static, profits are nonexistent, and new attractions are months and several years in the future.
QUESTIONS
1. As the staff assistant to the president of Euro Disney, you already believe before the grand opening that the plans to use a skimming pricing strategy and to emphasize luxury hotel accommodations are ill advised. What arguments would you marshal to try to persuade the company to offer lower prices and more moderate accommodations? Be as persuasive as you can.
2. It is six months after the opening. Revenues are not meeting target, and a number of problems have surfaced and are being worked on. The major problem remains, however, that the venture needs more visitors or higher expenditures per visitor. Develop a business model to improve the situation.
3. How would you rid an organization, such as Euro Disney, of an arrogant mindset? Assume that you are an operational VP and have substantial resources, but not necessarily the eager support of top management.
TEAM DEBATE
->Under the topic "Team Debate Exercise" , you will find information about two camps adopting two opposing positions. Pick a position and discuss why that is the right approach for improving the situation.
-> If you were to be appointed as the Chief Marketing Officer of Euro Disney, what would be your actions to make Euro Disney a more attractive place for the customers? Explain in detail.
RESPOND TO FOUR STUDENTS
ROSIE’S POST:
“Positivist Approaches (Positivism) argues that the world exists independently of people perception of it and that science uses objective techniques to discover what exists in the world” (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2017) From a positivist approach, the healthcare systems in United States and the Canadian Healthcare systems are different when providing healthcare. “Another important difference between positivists and interpretivists has to do with the role of science: Positivists argue that scientists merely discover what exists in the world, but some interpretivists claim that scien ...
2023 - MI Farm Bureau - Trust - How do you want to be perceived.pptxJohn C. Besley
Talk shared with the Michigan Farm Bureau Voice of Agriculture Conference in Traverse City, MI. Emphasis was on fostering a discussion about how the farm community could be more specific/strategic in trying to foster trust by demonstrating and communicating trustworthiness (i.e., ability/expertise, benevolence/caring, integrity, openness, shared values).
An invited talk given to a group of neuroethics researchers. The focus of the discussion was how we might think about the likely outcomes of engagement activities. This is similar to some previous talks but also includes some new bits and pieces that reflect our continued effort to work through these ideas. Appreciated the chance to share.
LTAR 2021 - Strategic Science Communication - A Focus on GoalsJohn C. Besley
Short talk (and long discussion) about the value of being strategic in science communication the context of the annual meeting of the Long Term Agroecosystem Research Network (LTAR).
A presentation created to look at whether there is any truth to the idea that religion, in particular Biblical Inerrancy (Christian Fundamentalism), is a barrier to the Public's Acceptance of Scientific Knowledge.
Identity, Academia & Community: Research & Implications for Broadening Partic...Monica Feliu-Mojer, Ph.D.
Social identity, or the intersection between race/ethnicity and gender identity, strongly influences women and underrepresented minority (URM) students’ interest and persistence in STEM. This session discussed recent research findings and discuss how they can be translated into programs and practices to broaden participation in STEM. Presented at the 2015 SACNAS National Conference by Dr. Paul Hernandez, Dr. Kenny Gibbs, Jr. and Dr. Giovanna Guerrero-Medina. Moderated by Dr. Mónica I. Feliú-Mójer and Dr. Yaihara Fortis-Santiago.
How Do You want Scientists to be PerceivedJohn C. Besley
Slides for a April 1 plenary talk at the International Society for Biosafety Research talk in Tarragona, Spain, April 1, 2019. The talk focuses on the idea of strategic science communication in the context of genetic engineering. It emphasizes the importance of setting behavioral goals and then figuring out what types of communication objectives could ethically help you reach these goals over time. It further argued that public engagement activities should be understood as tactics meant to foster cognitive engagement and thus the formation of meaningful beliefs. The primary emphasis of the talk was on choosing communication tactics that have the potential to foster beliefs about scientists' warmth, openness, value similarity, honesty, and competence.
Dustin,A case study is defined by Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhi.docxbrownliecarmella
Dustin,
A case study is defined by Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill (2015), as when a researcher collects in the field observations and documentation of information from multiple sources to study a current event. The phenological design is referenced by Saunders et al. (2015), as the respondent’s explanation and remembrance of the activities and involvements being studied. These are quite diverse in being unbiased and factual.
There are other distinctions, such as time and costs associated with each one. The case study requires one person from 1 company, the multiple case study requires at least three companies with at least two persons, and the phenological design requires at least 20 persons. The amount of time commitment to speak to 20 people for 1 hour, is more significant than the amount of time needed to speaks to fewer persons being interviewed or surveyed as part of the study. This time obligation will also transect the financial aspect of the need for additional funding for the research, if more time is needed, then transversely proportional is the monetary aspect (Walden, 2019).
Benefits of Using a Case Study for DBA Doctoral Research
The benefits of using a case study for doctoral research is the cost savings and time required to complete or accomplish the study (Saunders et al., 2015; Yin, 2018). The case study is still a factual designed, based on developing true aspects, but is less problematic than the phenological design.
References
Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2015). Research methods for business students (7th ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Education Unlimited.
Walden University. (2019). DBA doctoral study rubric and research handbook. Available from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/researchcenter/osra/dba
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Marshall
To begin a discussion about case study design and phenomenological research design it is important to define qualitative data. Sanders, Lewis and Thornhill (2015) define qualitative data as data that can be characterized by the richness and fullness of information that is used to explore a subject in a real setting where the researcher derives meaning from images and words, not numbers and data. The quality of qualitative research is defined by the interaction between the data collection process, such as a case study, and the analysis used to explore the meanings of the data (Sanders et al., 2015).
When determining the type of qualitative research that the researcher will conduct it is important to determine the method of collection and how it will be used to analyze the empirical evidence. Yin (2018) proposes that multiple research method can be used for exploratory, descriptive and explanatory studies if properly applied to the research topic. However, there is often one methodology that is more appropriate to address the research q.
Who to believe: How epistemic cognition can inform science communication (key...Simon Knight
Who to believe? How epistemic cognition can inform science communication
Two patients with the same condition decide to research possible treatments. They encounter multiple sources, from experts and others, each with different – sometimes contradictory – information. Depending on whom they believe and how they integrate these claims, the patients may make radically different decisions. These situations are commonplace in everyday life, from medical choices, to our voting decisions. How do we understand these differences, and support people in making the best decisions?
Epistemic cognition provides one lens onto this problem. Epistemic cognition is the study of how people think about the justification, source, complexity, and certainty of knowledge. When we evaluate evidence, think about where and when it applies, and connect claims to build models, we engage our epistemic cognition. Understanding how people navigate their own, and others’ knowledge is one of the most pressing social issues of our time in order to develop a sustainable society. I’ll draw on research in epistemic cognition, and my own research on how people search for and talk about evidence, to flag key implications of epistemic cognition research for science communication.
QUESTIONS1. How could the company have erred so badly in its est.docxaudeleypearl
QUESTIONS
1. How could the company have erred so badly in its estimates of spending patterns of European customers?
2. Could a better reading of the effect of cultural differences on revenues have been achieved?
3. What suggestions do you have for fostering a climate of sensitivity and goodwill in corporate dealings with the French?
4. How do you account for the great success of Tokyo Disneyland and the problems of Euro Disney? What are the key contributory differences?
5. Do you believe that Euro Disney might have done better if it were located elsewhere in Europe rather than just outside Paris? Why or why not?
6. “Mickey Mouse and the Disney Park are an American cultural abomination.” Evaluate this critical statement.
7. Consider how a strong marketing approach might be made to both European consumers and middlemen, such as travel agents, tour guides, even bus drivers.
8. Discuss the desirability of raising admission prices at the very time when attendance is static, profits are nonexistent, and new attractions are months and several years in the future.
QUESTIONS
1. As the staff assistant to the president of Euro Disney, you already believe before the grand opening that the plans to use a skimming pricing strategy and to emphasize luxury hotel accommodations are ill advised. What arguments would you marshal to try to persuade the company to offer lower prices and more moderate accommodations? Be as persuasive as you can.
2. It is six months after the opening. Revenues are not meeting target, and a number of problems have surfaced and are being worked on. The major problem remains, however, that the venture needs more visitors or higher expenditures per visitor. Develop a business model to improve the situation.
3. How would you rid an organization, such as Euro Disney, of an arrogant mindset? Assume that you are an operational VP and have substantial resources, but not necessarily the eager support of top management.
TEAM DEBATE
->Under the topic "Team Debate Exercise" , you will find information about two camps adopting two opposing positions. Pick a position and discuss why that is the right approach for improving the situation.
-> If you were to be appointed as the Chief Marketing Officer of Euro Disney, what would be your actions to make Euro Disney a more attractive place for the customers? Explain in detail.
RESPOND TO FOUR STUDENTS
ROSIE’S POST:
“Positivist Approaches (Positivism) argues that the world exists independently of people perception of it and that science uses objective techniques to discover what exists in the world” (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2017) From a positivist approach, the healthcare systems in United States and the Canadian Healthcare systems are different when providing healthcare. “Another important difference between positivists and interpretivists has to do with the role of science: Positivists argue that scientists merely discover what exists in the world, but some interpretivists claim that scien ...
2023 - MI Farm Bureau - Trust - How do you want to be perceived.pptxJohn C. Besley
Talk shared with the Michigan Farm Bureau Voice of Agriculture Conference in Traverse City, MI. Emphasis was on fostering a discussion about how the farm community could be more specific/strategic in trying to foster trust by demonstrating and communicating trustworthiness (i.e., ability/expertise, benevolence/caring, integrity, openness, shared values).
Workshop at SciTalk '22 on strategic science communication in which we make a strong argument for focusing on behavioral goals and communication objectives as beliefs, feelings, and frames.
2022 Talk for for NIH Office of AIDS Research and Sexual Gender and Minority ...John C. Besley
This is a 30 minute talk from 2022 for participants in a post bachelors degree fellows program provided the NIH Office of AIDS Research and the Sexual Gender and Minority Research Office. The talk includes some new slides, thinking on strategic science communication
Brief webinar on science talks at SRA in which I emphasize being clear about your goal and thinking about what content to include to achieve that goal. You don't just have to talk about the science; you should talk about the impact, etc.
2021 PCST - Response to Mike Schaefer's KeynoteJohn C. Besley
Slides for brief response to Mike Schaefer's 2021 keynote on audience segmentation in which I agree with Mike but also argue for the importance of setting communication goals before segmenting.
2021 Hubbard Brook - Three questions about trust buildingJohn C. Besley
These are the slides from a 30 minute discussion about how we might think about trust building in the context of stakeholder engagement activities. Key argument is to recognize why we want people to see us in certain ways and then to recognize the dimensions of 'people perceptions.' Ultimately, strategy is needed to prioritize and implement procedures that ensure that we self-present in the way we want to be seen.
These are the slides from my 2020 talk on what Society for Risk Analysis members think about the potential communication goal of ensuring policymakers consider scientific evidence when making decisions. Key message is that scientists are open to the society helping members pursue such goals and that the best predictor of support are perceived likelihood for impact, potential for engagement enjoyment, and ethicality.
This presentation focused on scientists' goals for communication and made a point of differentiating behavioral goals from nearer-term communication objectives (i.e., beliefs, feelings, frames that result from different communication choices. The data used came from two surveys of scientists; one done in the United States and one done in Canada.
Presentation shared with National Press Foundation fellows in Paris, France, on November 21, 2019. Key arguments were that overall views about scientists are quite positive both in an absolute sense as well as compared to other groups. However, we get a lot more information if we look at sub-dimensions of trustworthiness, and think about trust-related beliefs in the context of specific issues.
Video and audio available at: https://nationalpress.org/topic/confidence-in-scientists
MSU Science Communication Student Group TalkJohn C. Besley
This was January 2018 brief talk focused on some key ideas that new(ish) science communicators may wish to consider as they get started on developing their own plan for public engagement/communication.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
A gentle critique of science literacy
1. In collaboration with Anthony Dudo, UTexas
This material is based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation (NSF, Grant AISL
14241214-421723. Any opinions, findings,
conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this
material are those of the authors and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the NSF.
PhotobytheCDC
2. John Besley, Ph.D.
(2006: Cornell, Communication)
Ellis N. Brandt Professor
MSU Department of Advertising
and Public Relations
@JohnBesley
3. Would you
be happy if you only
increased awareness,
knowledge, or interest ?
Knowledge
Interest
Others?
Communication Objectives Goals
Goals?Tactics?
4. Core Question: What is the goal
of science communication?
Stephen R. Sylvanie/USA Today Sports, via Reuters
12. 1
Released, October 2016
“Available research
does not support the
claim that increasing
science literacy will
lead to appreciably
greater support for
science in general.”
(or specific policies)
13. Flickr Creative Commons: dan hodgett, ‘an invitation’
Sharing knowledge will always be important
14. Clear + Focused > Unclear and Rambling
(i.e., little jargon, active voice, clear point, understandable)
Flickr Creative Commons: Mark Hunger ‘Focus’
17. Attitudes are the sum of available beliefs (b)
and the evaluation (e) of those beliefs
18. If we take the term “engagement” seriously …
How ‘engagement
fosters beliefs …
19.
20. What beliefs could ‘engagement’ foster?
Perceived
caring/honest
Perceived
listening/open
Perceived
competence
Perceived
similarity
Smile, eparles; Listen, Montse PB; Brothers, Marie-Clair Camp; State Farm, Graduation & Safe Driving, all via Flickr Creative Commons
(not uncaring or
dishonest)
(not disconnected) (not ‘elitists’ ) (not incompetent )
21. What other beliefs could we try to foster?
Risks &
benefits
(attitudes/
emotions)
What other
people do
and expect
(norms)
Whether
something
works and
your ability
(efficacy)
Flickr creative commons: Seyed Mostofa Zamani, Paul Skeie; also Top Gear website
22. Half what? Kaylan Chakrvarthy via Flickr Creative Commons
Framing:
How should we see this glass?
25. Final thoughts …
There are no
silver bullets
Our beliefs must also
be open to change
It takes time
and a community
26. Some of our research …
Besley, J. C., & Dudo, A. (2017). Scientists’ Views about Public Engagement and Science
Communication in the Context of Climate Change. The Oxford Encyclopedia of
Climate Change Communication.
Besley, J. C., Dudo, A., & Storksdieck, M. (2015). Scientists' views about
communication training. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52, 199-220.
Besley, J. C., Dudo, A., & Yuan, S. (In Press). Scientists’ views about communication
objectives. Public Understanding of Science. doi: 10.1177/0963662517728478
Besley, J. C., Dudo, A., Yuan, S., & AbiGhannam, N. (2016). Qualitative interviews with
science communication trainers about communication objectives and goals.
Science Communication, 38, 356-381.
Besley, J. C., Dudo, A., Yuan, S., & Lawrence, F. (In Press). Understanding scientists’
willingness to engage. Science Communication.
Dudo, A., & Besley, J. C. (2016). Scientists’ prioritization of communication objectives
for public engagement PLoS ONE, 11.
Yuan, S., Oshita, T., AbiGhannam, N., Dudo, A., Besley, J. C., & Koh, H. E. (In press).
Two-way communication between scientists and the public: a view from science
communication trainers in North America. International Journal of Science
Education, Part B.
27. If you have 800 words …
100
150
150
300
100
RISKS faced by
communities
Researchers motivation to
help (WARMTH)
What was done to listen
to communities
(LISTENING)
Scientific findings
(KNOWLEDGE)
What can be done
(EFFICACY)
If you have 60 minutes …
5
5
20
5
25
RISKS faced by
communities
Researchers shared
values with audience
(IDENTITY)
Scientific findings
(KNOWLEDGE)
Potential solutions
(EFFICACY)
Discussion/Questions
(LISTENING)
+ Tactics that may take resources but don’t take time/
space (clothing, tone, frame, venue/channel, timing, etc.)
Editor's Notes
Background on me …
Looking at the responses as they rolled in I was happy to see a few different things but I also wasn’t surprised to see a lot of people mention that they saw the goal of communication as sharing information [or even fighting misinformation]. That’s a totally normal response but it’s also the one I’m going to spend some time pushing back on in the hour we have. And I’m going to do that for two reasons.
The first is that I’m going to argue that sharing information and getting people interested in a topic isn’t what we should see as the goal of communication. I’m going to call that as two potential objectives of communication. We’re going to spend most of our time today talk about other objectives beyond knowledge and interest but I want to spend a little bit of time first talking about what I see as meaningful communication goals.
We’ll also touch a little bit on tactics and how they relate to objectives and goals along the way …
The place I usually start with these types of discussions is to ask the participants to tell me what they want to accomplish through communication. What’s their goal?
In this case, we can’t do it orally but I’d love for people to type in what they see as a primary goal for communication? This should be the first question that any communication professional asks you when you sit down to start talking about a new project and I’m going to argue it should be your starting point as well when you think about putting time and resources into communication activity.
I’m curious to see what you all type in but I guess I should also warn you that I usually end up pushing back on what people enter.
I didn’t always think this way but I’ve come to be pretty convinced that if you really push most scientists they’ll eventually agree that they want to see something happen because of their communication efforts and that ‘thing’ can usually be categorized as some sort of behavior.
The behavior might be civic in nature and involved having people support or oppose some policy or the use of science in policy and sometimes it’s more focused around behaviors like buying or avoiding certain types of products.
On the policy side, it’s also important to recognize the difference between explicit support or opposition versus implicit or support or opposition. For example, I’m not sure that proponents of genetically engineered need support as much as they need people to spend their time thinking about other things.
That being said, one of my favorite bodies of research deals with the concept of procedural fairness and I think the idea of legitimacy represents an important type of tacit support that a lot of science and risk communicators often want. In this regard, I think of legitimacy as the idea that someone can accept a decision that they don’t necessarily support.
Whatever the case, the key thing for me is that these are not things like knowledge or interest. They’re behaviors, at loosely defined.
A related problem often crops up, however, even if people are able to identity a behavior they want to see happen.
What often happens is that we fall into the trap of thinking that the best way to get behavior change is to change people’s beliefs about what scientific research tells us about that behavior.
I think this is a pretty natural trap for people like us who have spent so much time in classrooms and books.
And it’s easy to point to lots of evidence, some of which help produce through things like Science and Engineering Indicators that people don’t know very much about science in general or any given scientific topic.
And it’s not just science literacy that people think is problem. Every field seems to think that the world would be better if everyone just knew more about their area of interest.
The problem – and I know a lot of you know this – is that there’s not a lot of evidence that increasing people’s general or specific scientific knowledge will change people’s behavior.
In my world, this is typically called a knowledge deficit approach to changing behavior although Dan Kahan has also called it the science comprehension thesis.
Nick Allum from the UK did a really nice meta-analysis more than a decade ago that did a nice job showing the small relationship between knowledge and attitudes and I was on a National Academies committee a couple of years ago where we dove into this literature once again but the conclusion was what people in science and risk communication have known for some time: You can’t simply teach people to change their behavior.
We therefore need to think about other possible objectives.
And I am definitely not saying that sharing scientific knowledge isn’t an important part of science and risk communication.
It’s why people come to hear us or invite us to come share our work. My point is only that sharing the results of your research or your field’s research is just one type of content you can share.
It’s one objective in just minute we’re going to talk about other ones. I promise.
One last thing though before we get to some objectives is that I want highlight that I’m not going to spend any specific time today talking about writing clearly and without jargon on things like story telling.
I think we can all agree that you’re probably better to communication clearly.
And there are lots of good books aimed at helping you speak and write in a clear and compelling way.
The interesting thing for me is that most of the science communication books that are on the market right now and most of the training that people get in science communication is focused around things like giving a clear, jargon-free elevator pitch.
That’s interesting to me because I think that’s what a lot of people think communication is … but we have about 100 research faculty in my college and I don’t know that any of them spend time studying clear writing and speaking or jargon.
We definitely help our students – especially our journalism, advertising, and PR students – write clearly but it’s not what we research.
On the quantitative side, what most of us study is something about how communication affects various attitudes or beliefs or feelings and how the sum of those changes might affect behavior.
It turns out there’s a lot of us because there’s a lot of different things you can study.
If you just think about the idea of a belief. There’s lots of different options.
We can understand scientific knowledge as correct beliefs about how the world works but there’s lots of other types of beliefs too.
The beliefs I have typically cared the most about in my research are those associated with trust … One problem with the idea of trust in general is that it’s not really clear enough to be a communication objective. But if you say that you want to choose to prioritize being seen as honest and caring then we can start thinking of tactics that might make that possible.
What might such tactics be? At the most basic, if you want to be seen as warm you should be nice and try to smile. More substantially, if you research a topic because you want to make the world better, you might consider sharing that information with your audience. Of course, that’s not true, you can’t say it but if it is true, you might use a little bit of your time or space to let people know.
Similarly, if want to be perceived as listening or giving voice, you might do things like really listen to people while making sure that people know you’re listening, have listened in the past, and will continue to listen in the future.
The same thing goes for being seen as not-so-different and competent. You have often have to take time if you’re speaking or space if you’re writing to share that information but what the reason we like to focus on clarifying objectives is that it open up a discussion of the tactics you might use to achieve those objectives, including what you might say or do …
These are typically the variables that seem to be good predictors of goals such as policy support and legitimacy. Communication researchers have also shown that these types of variables are good predictors of whether or not someone will even listen to what you have to say.
How do you know if you should focus on these objectives?
The idea of insight in an advertising brief?
Don’t forget to mention ethics …
There’s one other objective I want to talk about briefly and that’s the idea of framing.
Framing gets a bad name because people think of it is spin but I think communication researchers just think of it as another choice you either have to make consciously or unconsciously. Strategic communicators recognize that they have choices in how to accurately describe the same thing.