This document provides a summary and analysis of John Steinbeck's short story "The Chrysanthemums." It begins with an abstract that outlines how the story portrays the protagonist Elisa and her experience as a woman in a patriarchal society. The document then provides background on Steinbeck and an overview of the plot. It discusses how a feminist reading through the lens of Simone de Beauvoir's theories can help understand Elisa's struggle to reclaim her freedom and sense of self apart from her role as a woman in society. The document reviews literature analyzing the story through this feminist perspective and discusses key concepts from The Second Sex like how gender is socially constructed rather than innate.
Essay On Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe.pdfTina Hudson
Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe - Penguin Books Australia. The Book Review: THINGS FALL APART by Chinua Achebe. PPT - Introduction to Chinua Achebe and Things Fall Apart PowerPoint .... (PDF) Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, the Lucid One, and Crisis of .... Things Fall Apart Essay Help - Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. خواطر حول رواية " أشياء تتداعى " - Things Fall Apart للعبقري النيجيري .... How "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe Is Structured. Review essay: things fall apart by chinua achebe. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Full ChapterWise Summary with Analysis,Background and Quotations.
This document provides an overview of key considerations for writing an effective essay about the play "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles. It notes that analyzing the complex themes, characters, plot intricacies, and historical context requires a thorough understanding of the work. Capturing the essence of the play in an essay is challenging but offers intellectual stimulation. Producing a high-quality essay demands skills like critical thinking, synthesis of ideas, and eloquent expression. While grappling with the complexities presents difficulty, exploring this classic work provides an opportunity for personal growth and a deeper appreciation of the art of storytelling.
Estrella Alfon was a pioneering Filipina writer born in 1917 who wrote primarily in English. She attended college to study medicine but had to resign due to a tuberculosis diagnosis. Professionally, she was a storywriter, playwright, and journalist, publishing her first story in 1935. She received many honors over her career, including winning several one-act play contests in the 1960s. Alfon is renowned for her short stories that explored ordinary lives and highlighted social issues through vivid characterizations and intimate details. She passed away in 1983 at the age of 66.
This document provides an overview and schedule for an ELIT 46C class on Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea. The final exam will take place on June 28 from 9:15-11:15 AM and will focus on the novels discussed since the midterm, including Wide Sargasso Sea. Students are asked to finish reading Wide Sargasso Sea for an upcoming class discussion. The document also provides biographical information about Jean Rhys and historical context about Dominica, Jamaica, and the Sargasso Sea. It discusses themes in Wide Sargasso Sea like mirroring and identities versus differences between characters.
This document provides an overview of a class on Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea. It includes the class schedule, participation requirements, biographical information about Rhys, background on the Caribbean and Jamaica where parts of the story take place, and discussion questions about the novel. The class will focus on Wide Sargasso Sea and how it connects to and challenges Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre by providing narrative and subjectivity to Bertha Mason. Students are asked to discuss what picture of the Caribbean the novel provides compared to Bronte's England, as well as the style of the novel and how it relates to Jane Eyre.
The document provides instructions for creating an account and requesting paper writing assistance from the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The document promotes HelpWriting.net's writing assistance and satisfaction guarantees.
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The document discusses the presidency of Porfirio Diaz in Mexico from 1876 to 1910. Diaz seized control of Mexico in 1876 and ruled as a dictator for 34 years, promoting foreign investment but suppressing opposition. He did not allow any dissent against his policies. While he improved wages and the economy, he was overthrown in 1910 due to growing public unrest over issues like land distribution.
Leadership Essay – 9+ Samples, Examples, Format Download. Leadership Essay Examples sample, Bookwormlab. Leadership Essay Example | Template Business. Leadership essay. Leadership essay - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. History Essay: How to write a good leadership essay. Sample College Leadership Essay | Templates at allbusinesstemplates.com. FREE 10+ Leadership Essay Samples in MS Word | PDF. ⭐ How to be a leader essay. What It Takes To Be A Leader Essay. 2022-10-14. Persuasive Essay: Leadership essays for college. 007 Leadership Essay Examples Essays On Qualities Personal Experience .... Essays on leaderships - presentationbackgrounds.web.fc2.com. Sample essay on leadership studies. 005 Essay Example Leadership Experience On L Qualities For ~ Thatsnotus. 004 What Is Leadership Essay Photos Of High School Senior Portfolio .... School Essay: Leadership college essay sample. Leadership Style Essay. Leadership Essay - Grade: 73 - Z5168128 Naomi Mackin Leadership Essay .... Best College Essay Examples About Leadership Tips - Essay. Essay qualities of a leader. 019 Leadership Essays Essay Example Photos Of High School Senior .... 008 Leadership Essay Example Provided In Brief Outline Parts Sample M .... Sample essay on comparison of leadership styles. Beautiful Leadership Essays For College ~ Thatsnotus. Leadership Scholarships Essay - Schoolarship. Leadership Essay Example for Free - 1034 Words | EssayPay College Essay On Leadership
Essay On Things Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe.pdfTina Hudson
Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe - Penguin Books Australia. The Book Review: THINGS FALL APART by Chinua Achebe. PPT - Introduction to Chinua Achebe and Things Fall Apart PowerPoint .... (PDF) Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, the Lucid One, and Crisis of .... Things Fall Apart Essay Help - Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. خواطر حول رواية " أشياء تتداعى " - Things Fall Apart للعبقري النيجيري .... How "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe Is Structured. Review essay: things fall apart by chinua achebe. Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Full ChapterWise Summary with Analysis,Background and Quotations.
This document provides an overview of key considerations for writing an effective essay about the play "Oedipus Rex" by Sophocles. It notes that analyzing the complex themes, characters, plot intricacies, and historical context requires a thorough understanding of the work. Capturing the essence of the play in an essay is challenging but offers intellectual stimulation. Producing a high-quality essay demands skills like critical thinking, synthesis of ideas, and eloquent expression. While grappling with the complexities presents difficulty, exploring this classic work provides an opportunity for personal growth and a deeper appreciation of the art of storytelling.
Estrella Alfon was a pioneering Filipina writer born in 1917 who wrote primarily in English. She attended college to study medicine but had to resign due to a tuberculosis diagnosis. Professionally, she was a storywriter, playwright, and journalist, publishing her first story in 1935. She received many honors over her career, including winning several one-act play contests in the 1960s. Alfon is renowned for her short stories that explored ordinary lives and highlighted social issues through vivid characterizations and intimate details. She passed away in 1983 at the age of 66.
This document provides an overview and schedule for an ELIT 46C class on Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea. The final exam will take place on June 28 from 9:15-11:15 AM and will focus on the novels discussed since the midterm, including Wide Sargasso Sea. Students are asked to finish reading Wide Sargasso Sea for an upcoming class discussion. The document also provides biographical information about Jean Rhys and historical context about Dominica, Jamaica, and the Sargasso Sea. It discusses themes in Wide Sargasso Sea like mirroring and identities versus differences between characters.
This document provides an overview of a class on Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea. It includes the class schedule, participation requirements, biographical information about Rhys, background on the Caribbean and Jamaica where parts of the story take place, and discussion questions about the novel. The class will focus on Wide Sargasso Sea and how it connects to and challenges Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre by providing narrative and subjectivity to Bertha Mason. Students are asked to discuss what picture of the Caribbean the novel provides compared to Bronte's England, as well as the style of the novel and how it relates to Jane Eyre.
The document provides instructions for creating an account and requesting paper writing assistance from the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The document promotes HelpWriting.net's writing assistance and satisfaction guarantees.
Write Bibliography Essay. Online assignment writing service.Lisa Long
The document discusses the presidency of Porfirio Diaz in Mexico from 1876 to 1910. Diaz seized control of Mexico in 1876 and ruled as a dictator for 34 years, promoting foreign investment but suppressing opposition. He did not allow any dissent against his policies. While he improved wages and the economy, he was overthrown in 1910 due to growing public unrest over issues like land distribution.
Leadership Essay – 9+ Samples, Examples, Format Download. Leadership Essay Examples sample, Bookwormlab. Leadership Essay Example | Template Business. Leadership essay. Leadership essay - College Homework Help and Online Tutoring.. History Essay: How to write a good leadership essay. Sample College Leadership Essay | Templates at allbusinesstemplates.com. FREE 10+ Leadership Essay Samples in MS Word | PDF. ⭐ How to be a leader essay. What It Takes To Be A Leader Essay. 2022-10-14. Persuasive Essay: Leadership essays for college. 007 Leadership Essay Examples Essays On Qualities Personal Experience .... Essays on leaderships - presentationbackgrounds.web.fc2.com. Sample essay on leadership studies. 005 Essay Example Leadership Experience On L Qualities For ~ Thatsnotus. 004 What Is Leadership Essay Photos Of High School Senior Portfolio .... School Essay: Leadership college essay sample. Leadership Style Essay. Leadership Essay - Grade: 73 - Z5168128 Naomi Mackin Leadership Essay .... Best College Essay Examples About Leadership Tips - Essay. Essay qualities of a leader. 019 Leadership Essays Essay Example Photos Of High School Senior .... 008 Leadership Essay Example Provided In Brief Outline Parts Sample M .... Sample essay on comparison of leadership styles. Beautiful Leadership Essays For College ~ Thatsnotus. Leadership Scholarships Essay - Schoolarship. Leadership Essay Example for Free - 1034 Words | EssayPay College Essay On Leadership
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The passage discusses the lack of diversity in ballet and how Misty Copeland helped change that as the first African American female principal dancer for American Ballet Theatre. Ballet originated in the 1500s in France and was initially only open to those of French preference who danced for the entertainment of kings while wearing restrictive costumes. Copeland faced struggles as a minority in ballet but pursued her passion which led her to become a successful ballerina and face of change in the traditionally non-diverse world of ballet.
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During Andrew Jackson's presidency, reformers sought to change people's lives and equalize politics. Jackson believed the common man should have a voice in government. Key reform movements included expanding voting rights to all white men, establishing public education, and advocating for workers' rights and abolition of slavery. However, Jackson opposed high tariffs and a national bank, seeing them as tools of the wealthy. His policies both advanced populism and economic nationalism but are controversial for weakening the national government.
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The document discusses homelessness and poverty in America. It notes that for homeless people, everyday activities like sitting, storing belongings, or standing still can be illegal. Many cities criminalize basic aspects of homelessness. While some ignore this issue, many people are unaware of the scale of poverty and homelessness occurring in major cities. Defining and discussing homelessness and the lack of home is challenging, as it represents an absence of belonging beyond just sleeping outside or in temporary areas.
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1. In 2015, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) was struggling financially with negative profits and rising debt levels due to weak product offerings that created a growing performance gap with competitors like Intel and Nvidia.
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The document discusses how gender is often imposed on individuals from a young age through social and environmental influences, using the author's own experiences as an example. As a child, the author preferred stereotypically masculine toys and activities like playing in the dirt with trucks and action figures. The author believes this relates to an innate male instinct of adventure and exploration. Growing up, the author faced pressure to behave in stereotypically masculine ways by hiding emotions and "taking punishment like a man." This experience illustrates how gender roles can be imposed through parenting and social norms during childhood.
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This document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a full refund option for plagiarized work. The purpose is to guide users through obtaining high-quality, original content writing assistance from HelpWriting.net.
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The passage provides a detailed sequence of the translation of the Rosetta Stone, beginning with its discovery in 1799 near the Egyptian town of Rashid. It describes the stone's inscriptions in three scripts: ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic Egyptian, and ancient Greek. The author effectively uses dates and descriptions of historical figures to narrate the process through which scholars were ultimately able to translate the stone and unlock the meaning of hieroglyphs.
Here is a draft essay on the provision of dental care in correctional facilities:
The Provision of Dental Care in Correctional Facilities
Prisons and jails have a legal and ethical obligation to provide adequate healthcare to inmates,
including dental care. Dental health is important for overall physical and mental well-being. However,
correctional dental care presents unique challenges. Many inmates enter the system with untreated
dental issues due to a lack of access to care prior to incarceration. Additionally, the prison
environment and lifestyle can exacerbate oral health problems.
To meet their obligations, correctional facilities must provide dental exams, cleanings, fillings,
extractions, and dentures as
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The document discusses energy efficient offloading with flow control in wireless networks. It proposes a novel local cloud computing paradigm where mobile devices can leverage nearby resources to facilitate task execution. This allows mobile devices with limited resources to utilize the processing, memory, and storage available in local indoor environments like points of interest. The approach aims to minimize energy consumption of mobile devices by offloading computation to local cloud resources using a flow control mechanism.
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The document discusses Lady Gaga's accomplishments as a singer, songwriter, and performer. It notes that she achieved international fame with her 2008 debut album The Fame and has since sold over 28 million albums. Her achievements include 6 Grammy Awards, 13 MTV Music Video Awards, and recognition from Billboard, Forbes, and Time magazines. The document also discusses Lady Gaga's strong connection to her fans and her involvement in the recording process.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
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The passage discusses the lack of diversity in ballet and how Misty Copeland helped change that as the first African American female principal dancer for American Ballet Theatre. Ballet originated in the 1500s in France and was initially only open to those of French preference who danced for the entertainment of kings while wearing restrictive costumes. Copeland faced struggles as a minority in ballet but pursued her passion which led her to become a successful ballerina and face of change in the traditionally non-diverse world of ballet.
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During Andrew Jackson's presidency, reformers sought to change people's lives and equalize politics. Jackson believed the common man should have a voice in government. Key reform movements included expanding voting rights to all white men, establishing public education, and advocating for workers' rights and abolition of slavery. However, Jackson opposed high tariffs and a national bank, seeing them as tools of the wealthy. His policies both advanced populism and economic nationalism but are controversial for weakening the national government.
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The document discusses homelessness and poverty in America. It notes that for homeless people, everyday activities like sitting, storing belongings, or standing still can be illegal. Many cities criminalize basic aspects of homelessness. While some ignore this issue, many people are unaware of the scale of poverty and homelessness occurring in major cities. Defining and discussing homelessness and the lack of home is challenging, as it represents an absence of belonging beyond just sleeping outside or in temporary areas.
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1. In 2015, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) was struggling financially with negative profits and rising debt levels due to weak product offerings that created a growing performance gap with competitors like Intel and Nvidia.
2. AMD once held large shares of the CPU and GPU markets but saw those shares decline as their products fell behind. They needed to improve their products to regain market share and profits.
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This document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net platform. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Receive the completed paper and authorize payment if pleased. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, with the option of a full refund for plagiarized work. The purpose is to outline the simple process for students to obtain high-quality original writing assistance.
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The document discusses how gender is often imposed on individuals from a young age through social and environmental influences, using the author's own experiences as an example. As a child, the author preferred stereotypically masculine toys and activities like playing in the dirt with trucks and action figures. The author believes this relates to an innate male instinct of adventure and exploration. Growing up, the author faced pressure to behave in stereotypically masculine ways by hiding emotions and "taking punishment like a man." This experience illustrates how gender roles can be imposed through parenting and social norms during childhood.
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This document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a full refund option for plagiarized work. The purpose is to guide users through obtaining high-quality, original content writing assistance from HelpWriting.net.
1. The document provides instructions for seeking writing help from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5 step process: create an account, submit a request form with instructions and deadline, choose a writer based on bids and reviews, review the paper and authorize payment, and request revisions if needed.
2. Students complete a request form with their paper details and can attach samples. Writers then bid on the request and are chosen based on qualifications. Students can request revisions until satisfied.
3. HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality papers and refunds for plagiarized work. The process aims to fully meet student needs for writing assistance.
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The passage provides a detailed sequence of the translation of the Rosetta Stone, beginning with its discovery in 1799 near the Egyptian town of Rashid. It describes the stone's inscriptions in three scripts: ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, demotic Egyptian, and ancient Greek. The author effectively uses dates and descriptions of historical figures to narrate the process through which scholars were ultimately able to translate the stone and unlock the meaning of hieroglyphs.
Here is a draft essay on the provision of dental care in correctional facilities:
The Provision of Dental Care in Correctional Facilities
Prisons and jails have a legal and ethical obligation to provide adequate healthcare to inmates,
including dental care. Dental health is important for overall physical and mental well-being. However,
correctional dental care presents unique challenges. Many inmates enter the system with untreated
dental issues due to a lack of access to care prior to incarceration. Additionally, the prison
environment and lifestyle can exacerbate oral health problems.
To meet their obligations, correctional facilities must provide dental exams, cleanings, fillings,
extractions, and dentures as
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The document discusses energy efficient offloading with flow control in wireless networks. It proposes a novel local cloud computing paradigm where mobile devices can leverage nearby resources to facilitate task execution. This allows mobile devices with limited resources to utilize the processing, memory, and storage available in local indoor environments like points of interest. The approach aims to minimize energy consumption of mobile devices by offloading computation to local cloud resources using a flow control mechanism.
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I apologize, upon reviewing the context I do not have enough information to accurately summarize the document. The document discusses several topics including registering for an essay writing service, the writing process, revisions, and guarantees. However, it does not provide a clear overall purpose or main point that I could effectively summarize in 3 sentences or less.
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The document provides a 5-step guide for using the HelpWriting.net service to get assistance with university essay writing.
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. Attach sample work to imitate writing style.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback. Place a deposit to start work.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize final payment if pleased, or request revisions using free revision services.
5. Papers can undergo multiple revisions to ensure satisfaction, and plagiarized work results in a full refund.
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The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a form with assignment details, sources, and deadline. 3) Writers will bid on the request and the client can choose a writer. 4) The client will receive a paper and can request revisions if needed. 5) HelpWriting.net guarantees original, high-quality work and refunds are offered for plagiarized content.
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The document discusses Lady Gaga's accomplishments as a singer, songwriter, and performer. It notes that she achieved international fame with her 2008 debut album The Fame and has since sold over 28 million albums. Her achievements include 6 Grammy Awards, 13 MTV Music Video Awards, and recognition from Billboard, Forbes, and Time magazines. The document also discusses Lady Gaga's strong connection to her fans and her involvement in the recording process.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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A Feminist Reading Of Quot The Chrysanthemums Quot By Steinbeck
1. 1
A Fe i ist Readi g of Joh “tei e k’s The
Chr sa the u s: The “elf of a Wo a i Beau oir’s Idea
Mahya Kamalvand
The Short and Long Fiction
Instructor: Dr. Zohreh Ramin
2015
2. 2
Abstract
Joh “tei e k’s The Chr sa the u s, is a asterpie e, hi h del es i to the ps he of a o a
and accompanies the reader to see the world through her sight. The image that Steinbeck portrays of
Elisa- the protagonist- is marvelously unique, feminine, and upholds a very tangible expression of how
it is to feel like a woman in a patriarchal society. In this paper, the effort is to unravel the complexities
of Elisa, as a woman, and to brush a clean image of why she is a free feminine psyche. A feminist
reading of this short story can help one to understand the setting and context of the plot and can bring
about a very good e a ple of hat it is to e a o a . B appl i g “i o de Beau oir’s theories, this
is an attempt to bold Elisa as a feminist example of a woman who tries to re-achieve her yielded
freedom through getting back to herself. Reading the short story once more through the lenses of
Beau oir’s theories of other ess, e odi e t, a d e o i g a o a , Elisa is tr i g to rei trodu e
herself with herself as an individual not a social woman.
Key words: feminism, feminine, psyche, Beauvoir, woman, other, patriarchal, freedom, alienation
3. 3
Table of contents
Abstract
Introduction
…On the writer
…Summary
…On the story and background
Literature review
The origins
The other
Biology and the woman in her Body
Conclusion
Bibliography
On The Writer
4. 4
John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, in 1902. The town is a few miles from the Pacific Coast
and near the fertile Salinas Valley—an area that was to be the background of much of his fiction. He
studied marine biology at Stanford University but left without taking a degree and, after a series of
laboring jobs, began to write. An attempt at a free-lance literary career in New York City failed, and he
returned to California, continuing to write in a lonely cottage. Popular success came to him only in 1935
ith To tilla Flat. That ook s p o ise as o fi ed succeeding works—In Dubious Battle, Of Mice
and Men, and especially The Grapes of Wrath, a novel so powerful that it remains among the archetypes
of American culture. Often set in California, “tei e k s late ooks i lude Cannery Row, The Wayward
Bus, East of Eden, The Short Reign of Pippin IV, and Travels with Charley. He died in 1968, having won a
Nobel Prize in 1962. In announcing the a a d, the “ edish A ade de la ed: He had o i d to be an
unoffending comforter and entertainer. Instead, the topics he chose were serious and denunciatory, for
instance the itte st ikes o Califo ia s f uit a d otto plantations. ... His literary power steadily
gained impetus. ... The little masterpiece Of Mice and Men ... was followed by those incomparable short
stories which he collected together in the volume The Long Valley. The way had now been paved for the
great work ... the epic chronicle The G apes of W ath. (Steinbeck 1)
Summary
Written in 1938, here is a summary of the short story: It is i te i “ali as Valle , Califo ia. The su is
ot shi i g, a d fog o e s the alle . O He Alle s foothill a h, the ha utti g a d sto i g has
been finished, and the orchards are waiting for ai . Elisa Alle , He s ife, is o ki g i he flo e
garden and sees her husband speaking with two cigarette-smoking strangers. Elisa is thirty-five years
old, attractive and clear-eyed, although at the moment she is clad in a masculine gardening outfit with
e s shoes a d a a s hat. He ap o o e s he d ess, a d glo es o e he ha ds. As she o ks
away at her chrysanthemums, she steals occasional glances at the strange men. Her house, which stands
nearby, is very clean.
The strangers get into their Ford coupe and leave. Elisa looks down at the stems of her flowers, which
she has kept entirely free of pests. Henry appears and praises her work. Elisa seems pleased and proud.
Henry says he wishes she would turn her talents to the orchard. She responds eagerly to this suggestion,
but it seems he was only joking. When she asks, he tells her that the men were from the Western Meat
Company and bought thirty of his steers for a good price. He suggests they go to the town of Salinas for
dinner and a movie to ele ate. He teases he , aski g hethe she d like to see the fights, a d she sa s
she ould t.
Henry leaves, and Elisa turns her attention back to her chrysanthemums. A wagon with a canvas top
driven by a large bearded man appears on the road in the distance. A misspelled sign advertises the
a s se i es as a ti ke ho epai s pots a d pa s. The ago tu s i to Elisa s a d. He dogs a d the
a s dog s iff ea h othe , a d the ti ke akes a joke a out the fe o it of his a i al. Whe he gets
out of the wagon, Elisa sees that he is big and not very old. He wears a ragged, dirty suit, and his hands
are rough. They continue to make small talk, and Elisa is charmed when the tinker says he simply follows
5. 5
good weather. He asks whether she has any work for him, and when she repeatedly says no, he whines,
sa i g he has t had a usi ess a d is hu g . The he asks a out Elisa s h sa the u s, a d he
annoyance vanishes. They discuss the flowers, and the tinker says that he has a customer who wants to
raise chrysanthemums. Excited, Elisa says he can take her some shoots in a pot filled with damp sand.
She takes off her hat and gloves and fills a red pot with soil and the shoots.
Elisa gives the tinker instructions to pass along to the woman. She explains that the most care is needed
he the uddi g egi s. “he lai s to ha e pla ti g ha ds a d a feel the flo e s as if she s o e ith
them. She speaks from a kneeling position, growing impassioned. The tinker says he might know what
she means, and Elisa inte upts hi to talk a out the sta s, hi h at ight a e d i e i to ou od
a d a e hot a d sha p a d—lo el . “he ea hes out to tou h his pa t leg, ut stops efo e she does.
He sa s su h thi gs a e ot as i e if ou ha e t eate . “o e ed, Elisa finds two pans for him to fix.
As the tinker works, she asks him if he sleeps in the wagon. She says she wishes women could live the
ki d of life he does. He sa s it ould t e suita le, a d she asks ho he k o s. Afte pa i g hi fift
cents, she says that she can do the same work he does. He says his life would be lonesome and
frightening for a woman. Before he leaves, she reminds him to keep the sand around the
chrysanthemums damp. For a moment, he seems to forget that she gave him the flowers. Elisa watches
the wagon trundle away, whispering to herself.
She goes into the house and bathes, scrubbing her skin with pumice until it hurts. Then she examines
her naked body in the mirror, pulling in her stomach and pushing out her chest, then observing her back.
She dresses in new underwear and a dress and does her hair and makeup. Henry comes home and takes
a bath. Elisa sets out his clothes and then goes to sit on the porch. When Henry emerges, he says that
she looks nice, sounding surprised. She asks him what he ea s, a d he sa s she looks diffe e t, st o g
a d happ . “he asks hat he ea s st o g. Co fused, he sa s that she s pla i g a ga e a d the
explains that she looks like she could break a calf and eat it. Elisa loses her composure for a moment and
then agrees with him.
As the d i e alo g the oad to a d “ali as, Elisa sees a da k spot up ahead a d a t stop he self f o
looki g at it, su e that it s a pile of dis a ded h sa the u shoots that the ti ke has th o a a .
Elisa thinks that he could have at least disposed of them off the road, and then realizes he had to keep
the pot. The pass the ti ke s ago , a d Elisa does t look. “he sa s she is looki g fo a d to di e .
Henry says she is different again, but then says kindly that he should take her out more often. She asks
whether they can have wine at dinner, and he says yes. Elisa says she has read that at the fights the men
beat each other until their boxing gloves are soaked with blood. She asks whether women go to the
fights, and He sa s that so e do a d that he ll take he to o e if she d like to go. “he de li es a d
pulls he oat olla o e he fa e so that He a t see he i g. “pa k otes
On the Story and its background
6. 6
The Ch sa the u s Joh Steinbeck manifests the routine life of a woman and her scuffle to
accept her role as a female. Eliza Allen, “tei e k s protagonist, is the symbol of the woman trying to
escape her defined role in the society, a society that its dogmatic men treat women with disrespect. In
the story, the male characters have been portrayed to treat Eliza not as an equal, while she might be
more passionate, intelligent and even better, in general, in many aspects of life. In fact, a feminist
application of Beauvoir would do a great justice to reading of the Chrysanthemums, since the
background context of the story matches the feminist notions introduced by Beau oi i The “e o d
“e .
O e is ot o , ut athe e o es a o a . These ost uoted o ds of The “e o d “e e a e
the centerpiece of first-wave feminism and the signature of thei autho , … . Their meaning, fleshed out
i The “e o d “e s des iptio s of o e s dail li es, o e see ed o ious. The see ed to poi t to
the difference between sex and gender. They seemed to indicate the ways in which human beings born
ith agi as e e ha ituated a d i itiated i to the oles of adults alled o e . Ca idge
Companion to Simone De Beauvoir, 248)
Five years after the right of voting for women in France, The Second Sex was published in 1949. There
are several reaso s as to h o e i F a e gai ed this ight late: . u til the id-twentieth
century, a pro-natalist policy was widely supported by all major political parties, including the
Communists and Socialists, in a bid to increase the birth rate and tackle a major depopulation crisis.
Contraception and abortion were consequently both illegal, and there was huge political and social
pressure on women to conform to the traditional roles of wife and mother. Astonishingly, French
women were still considered legal minors until 1938, and it would take until the 1960s and 1970s for
women to gain the right to contraception (1967), abortion (1974) and to engage in paid work and open a
bank account without the authorization of their husband (1965). 2. Women as a voting block were
perceived by many left-wing politicians (who were the most likely to support the campaign for female
suffrage) to be more religious, so there was a widespread fear that, if women were given the right to
vote, they would simply follow the conservative directives of the Catholic Church which opposed left-
i g poli ies. Fi all , the o e s suff age o e e t as itself ot a ilita t a paig i F a e
(precisely because of the strong influence of the Catholic Church over women) and was therefore less
effective in achieving its aims (Duchen 1986: 3). This contrasted with the British suffrage campaign
which, for many years, involved extensive direct political action, such as hunger strikes, acts of sabotage
and violent self-sacrifice, such as that of E il Wildi g Da iso , ho hu led he self u de the Ki g s
horse in a Derby Day race in 1913 (Anderson and Zinsser 1990: 363– . (Simone De Beauvoir, 50)
In addition to these factors, another bitter fact was the circumscription of o e s auto o , like
dismissing of all married women from their jobs, denouncing all non-childbearing women, and
strengthening the sanctions in existing legislation which outlawed abortion and contraception.
It was in the context such as this that for the first time, the honesty of gender roles, femininity, and
being a real woman unflooded the discussion to the top. It was in such a context as this that for the first
7. 7
time, the woman in society was distinguished from the woman at home! There was this urge to
reestablish the lost sense of what it meant to be a woman but equal to the male gender!
Literature Review
In the book, Simone de Beauvoir by Ursula Tidd, we read more into the contemplation of the fact that
one is not born but becomes a woman. In this book, the interpretation of the famously quoted line in
the Second Sex, manifests the point that sexuality of human beings is not something in their nature, but
what society and different value institutions in the society create and project in human beings.
In Denise Dis a s article A Woman Bound by The Society, the general belief among feminists about
becoming a woman, and acting according to the binary oppositions is reconfirmed:
Throughout the story, Elisa suffers a regression from the masculine role she sees as equality to the
feminine role she sees as submissive. Her frustration with the male dominated society causes her to let
go of her dreams for liberation and to become what society expects her to be a passive woman.
Steinbeck portrays women according to his time. Elisa is representative of the o e of the 's; She
has become "the representative of the feminine ideal of equality and its inevitable defeat" (Sweet 213).
(Dickmann, 2)
My argument would be on the subject that what Beauvoir brings to the table has a vaster domain of
meaning and Eliza is not at all the victim of passivity to the society, but the very Emblem of How it is to
be a woman.
In this paper, the effort Is to show that the constructed femininity, and the woman being the other, are
all about the woman herself, and her decision for accepting her true-self and nature as it is or not; This
nature of hers might be the intelligently emotional, and a wise phenomenon, however not that of a
weak posture of a passive social woman!
The Origins
In The Second Sex, Beauvoir delivers a detailed study of the origins and endurance of the patriarchal
oppression of women. She clarifies that from the start point of organized societies, men were created
more powerful- physically speaking- and that their minds work more analytical confronting dangers,
pain, or voids! Women were tangled in house work and raising children. Hence, men had enough free
times to build the systems of power (politically, sociably, and all in all they became the masters of
discourses.) According to the book Simone de Beauvoir, These systems, created by men, were in
service to the men! Women have been obliged to adapt to this patriarchal system, which maintains
8. 8
them in a subordinate position. Beauvoir continues that women have accepted the role of being a wife
or mother throughout history because of these systems created by men.
As a result, women have been traditionally prevented from working outside the home and, hence,
have been obliged to attach themselves to a male breadwinner to ensure their survival and that of their
children. Women have adapted to this state of affairs in a variety of ways which encourage
i authe ti it to a lesse o g eate e te t. Beau oi argues that the way forward for women is to
pursue economic independence through independent work and through a socialist organization of
society, which would favor o e s e a ipatio a d autonomy. (Beauvoir, 53)
Beauvoir continues her speech with a basic notion of freedom, and that how she thinks patriarchal
societies have deprived women of reaching the free version of themselves. She adds: reaching that
freedom is to transcend!
She even pinpoints Hegelian notions of to have become, when she tries to demonstrate what it means
when she says that women have become the OTHER to men. The Heideggarian being- with- others, is
also another important point defining the role of the woman in defining her identity in relation with
other human beings!
In all the male writers who have written about female protagonists, I have not seen any one having the
genius of Steinbeck in portraying a woman as A Woman! Steinbeck has totally touched and felt what
Beauvoir meant being the other of the man.
From the very beginning of the story, we have the description of weather, a romantic but well-chosen
option of fog and rain: It as a ti e of uiet a d of aiti g […] the fa e s e e ildl hopeful of a
good ai efo e lo g; But fog a d ai do ot go togethe ( Crane, 283) Fog and rain symbolize Eliza
and Henry. It is a very smart imagery because the rain and the fog are not very different and they are
from the same family, in fact, they recreate one another but at the same time cannot dissolve into each
other. Again, this combination is a mildly gloomy one. However, the existence of rain in it is quite a
helpful melody!
Another interesting fact about the setting is Salinas Valley. Salinas Valley is the representation of
femininity. At first, every approach outside it seems adventurous and hard. Looking closer proves it to
be a heaven inside. (With farm, gardening and flowers, all symbolizing birth, productivity and peace.)
Henry is the shadow of the man that Eliza attaches to but cannot approach since she does not hold the
inner self and does not look back to her real female qualities. She withholds her inner self for becoming
a woman. She thinks she is the woman but she is acting according to the musts and should. She gardens
the chrysanthemums but does that with male gloves. She always covers her heart with something of the
male quality because she somehow believes that could be the way to gain the equality she has lost.
The truth beneath it is that she only gains flash-like satisfactions only when she embraces who she really
is as a woman and those are very rare moments that she is showing her kindness.
9. 9
The power of real manifestation is becoming a woman and that is what Steinbeck shows not to be
negative at all but something lost in the confused values of the modern time.
When Eliza is checking herself in the mirror, or when she is helping for the sake of being with other
people and helping them, it is when she is getting close to her inner self.
The other
I The “e o d “e , the iologi al fa ts of o a s situatio are themselves not immune from
masculinist bias on occasions, as we will see below. It is o th oti g he e that Beau oi a gues that o
group ever sets itself up as the One without at once setting up the Other over against itself – in other
words, every time a group comes into existence, it positively differentiates itself from those not within
its number. For example, the power dynamics of any school playground illustrate this separation of
sel es f o othe s , as hild e fo g oups ased o perceived differences within the larger social
g oup. Noti g Hegel s account of the master–sla e diale ti , Beau oi sa s that e fi d i consciousness
itself a fundamental hostility towards every other consciousness, the subject can be posed only in being
opposed – he sets himself up as the essential, as opposed to the other, the inessential, the o je t ““:
17). So the division of people into selves and others is fairly inevitable, but the specific relationship
between men and women is of a special kind. (Beauvoir 55)
Steinbeck is a true God in passionately painting how the discourse of inner desire can ignite fire!
10. 10
She was kneeling on the ground looking up at him. Her breast swelled passionately. The man s eyes
narrowed. He looked away self-consciously.
Maybe I know, he said sometimes in the night in the wagon there…
The other to Eliza is herself. She is keeping herself away from being what she truly should be, and that is
a woman to her husband. Not to a male figure but to gain what she inanely desires. With Tinker, she
feels superior and equal, there are things that are to her interest, but she does not diminish herself to
the other she has always played for her husband. In another word, the woman becomes the other to the
man when she sees herself as the other, when she first otherizes her own-self from what she wants and
she is afraid of losing.
The social construction of being a woman or becoming one comes to existence this place. Eliza does not
care about social construction; it is why the setting is located around the wagon and at night. The eyes
of the society are closed at what it is that is happening and Eliza is the sole person controlling her own
self because she is not afraid of other people- the outcomes of the society- to manipulate her of
becoming one with herself. Tinker in this scene is responding exactly to what Eliza is trying to gain,
something very intricate in showing that Eliza is afraid of showing he real woman to her own husband,
hence she is otherized to herself and to her own husband, Henry.
Biology and the woman in her body
In the Second Sex, Beauvoir manifests the reality of the body as a vehicle for experience. She denotes to
Sartre notions of consciousness and the body and declares why there are problems to his ideas:
The fi st p o le is that “a t e s ie of the od is athe a st a t. It neglects the lived experience of
how we experience, and are sometimes encouraged to experience, our bodies. For example, his concept
of the body in Being and Nothingness cannot account for the experience and power politics of living as a
black transgendered person in a white supremacist patriarchy, which entail potentially oppressive
implications on material, psychological and social levels. Beauvoir was precisely interested in how power
elatio s go e this li ed e pe ie e of embodied subjectivity and how our body might be expressions
of that experience in the world.
The se o d elated p o le is that “a t e s a ou t te ds to ie the body as a passive instrument
su je t to the i d s willful control. This neglects some of the sophisticated ways in which we can
experience our bodies, psychologically and physiologically, and the relation of these experiences to
socio-political bodily interdictions. …. Beauvoir largely agrees with Merleau-Po t s ie of the
embodied subject and develops her own notion of the lived body and the represented body in the
context of gender in The Second Sex. But Beauvoir helped to promote the view that her philosophy was
lose to “a t e s tha Me leau-Po t s – for reasons of intellectual and emotional loyalty – and so, until
11. 11
recently, these connections between the philosophies of Beauvoir and Merleau-Ponty have been
overlooked.
In her account of female biology in The Second Sex, Beauvoir adapts Merleau-Po t s a gu e t ithi
the o te t of ge de : Wo a , like a , is he od ; ut he od is so ethi g othe tha he self
““: . This ea s that o a s e pe ie e of e odi ent is separated from her transcendence and,
in patriarchal society, which has t aditio all p o oted o a s o je tifi atio , she is e a ded fo
alienating (or reducing) her transcendent subjectivity to her physicality.
In short, patriarchy furthers its aims by encouraging women to experience themselves as docile bodies
for male consumption. While Beau oi akes it lea i The “e o d “e that o a s alie atio i her
body is not inevitable, her lurid portrayal of female biology nevertheless might appear rather
deterministic. As Moi otes, fo Beau oi , women are the slaves of the species. Every biological process
in the fe ale od is a isis o a t ial, a d the esult is al a s alie atio (Moi 1994: 165). (
Beauvoir 59)
This process manifests itself in The chrysanthemums, too. There is a very close and entangled
relationship between Eliza s unconsciousness and her body. In fact, her body is the greatest dubious
point in whether she is being otherized or she is becoming the ultimate woman. In the most crucial and
sensitive moments of the story, most of which are her confrontation with Tinker, or her image in the
mirror, her body is the means to which she want to receive something. She objectifies herself for her
own desires. She feels this alienation whenever she is consciously using her own body for the
investment of her own needs.
On the other hand, we see her covering herself in a manly cloth in the process of making herself invisible
to the eyes of the ultimate man she feels otherized to, Henry, her husband.
She does not dare to step forward from where she is standing in declaring her real sexual needs using
her body to seduce her own husband!
However, After the tinker leaves, Elisa bathes, scrubbing herself "with a little block of pumice, legs and
thighs, loins and chest and arms, until her skin was scratched and red"( Steinbeck, 245).
She tries to objectify herself after being able to once accept her own body as herself not an outward
object. She freaks out of the reality of this experience so much that what she does after it is simply
killing her own body.
12. 12
Conclusion
The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck is an unrepeated sample of a woman. Eliza is depicted so
beautifully in her complexities, dualities and possibilities as a woman that one might not even come
close to think she is the production of a man s mind!
In fact, Eliza is the strong woman free of every otherness plaguing her through the male gaze. She is on
the right track of refinding herself. Her encounter with Tinker and the experience of a true-self, is totally
a show of what it is to be a woman!
13. 13
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International Bibliography. EBSCO. Claire Carney Library.
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Company, Inc., 2008. 437-448.
3. Steinbeck, John. East of Eden. Online Publications, 1-5
4. Beauvoir, Simone de.
-(1946) Tous les hommes sont mortels, Paris: Gallimard. (Trans. E. Cameron and L. M. Friedman, All Men
are Mortal (1995), London: Virago.)
- The “e o d “e : ea s late , “o iet : –85. T a s. Le Deu i e “e e, i gt-cinq ans
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6. A Cambridge Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, online publications
7. Tidd, Ursula, Simone de Beauvoir, Routledge Thinkers