A 70-kg individual drinks 2 Lday from a pond outside his house. Wha.pdf

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A 70-kg individual drinks 2 L/day from a pond outside his house. What he is not aware of is that a factory upstream dumps dichloroethylene in the stream feeding his pond. Assume that he has been drinking this water for 20 years, what are the hazard quotient and the cancer risk of his exposure? Suppose he plans to stay for another 10 years before he retires and moves to Florida, what are the additional risks? (10 points) Additional Information: The pond has a volume of 106 m3 . The feeding stream has a flow rate of 103 m3 /day. The wastewater from the factory 102 m3 /day and contains 1.1 mg/L of dichloroethylene. Neglect the evaporation of water. Neglect the evaporation and reaction of the pollutant. Solution The waste water stream contains 1.1mg/L of dichloroethylene and the prescribed limit is equal 0.1 mg/L, which was derived based on hepatic toxicity reported from compound-specific data. A lot studies done on the drinking water analysis containing dichloroethylene the risk of cancer has not been found but the metabolism product reactive carbonyl compound formed, rather than its electrophilic reactivity, Can be a determinant of carcinogenic potency. These carbonyl compounds were formed by both the radical and the epoxidation pathway and that the protonated forms of the epoxides may also act as the ultimate carcinogens. Apart from this there are a lot of other health hazard by drinking the contaminated water such as: central nervous system depression ataxia, suppression of the righting reflex, ruffled fur, and hunched back Neurological effects, including nausea, drowsiness, fatigue, and vertigo, have been reported following exposure to lower levels. Effects on blood (decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. Pathological liver changes (fatty liver) degeneration of lobules and Kupffer cells Slight reductions (statistically significant) in plasma creatinine and BUN levels, and an increase in plasma calcium levels. Aniline N-hydroxylase activity depresses. Hyperemia of the mucosal surface of the stomach and small intestines. Changes in Spleen size. Convolated tubule necrosis..

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