The document discusses phonetic transcriptions, including phonemes, syllables, word accent, and intonation, which are crucial for speech recognition and language pronunciation. Phonemes are the smallest units of sound in a language, while syllables are made up of vowel sounds and consonants, serving as building blocks of words. It also emphasizes the significance of phonetic transcription in various contexts such as dictionaries, public speaking, and language learning.

1. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTIONS
(Word Accent, Phoneme, The Syllable, Intonation)

2. Phoneme
➢ A phoneme is defined as the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language
that distinguishes between words.
➢ Each language has its own set of phonemes, which are essential for
automatic speech recognition systems to classify and recognize.
➢ There are 44 Phonemes in phonetics.
➢ The first invariant of the categories identified in phonology was the
phonemeThe first invariant of the categories identified in phonology was
the phoneme

3. Syllable
➢ A syllable is a unit of speech that's made up of a vowel sound, and sometimes one or
more consonantsA syllable is a unit of speech that's made up of a vowel sound, and
sometimes one or more consonants
➢ Syllables are often considered the building blocks of words. You can identify syllables
by breaking down words into unbroken vowel sounds and any accompanying
consonants. For example, the word "blanket" has two syllables: "blan" and
"ketSyllables are often considered the building blocks of words. You can identify
syllables by breaking down words into unbroken vowel sounds and any accompanying
consonants. For example, the word "blanket" has two syllables: "blan" and "ket

4. Word Accent
➢ Word intonation is the rise and fall in pitch of the voice when speaking. It's
an important part of English pronunciation and helps convey meaning,
grammatical information, and personal attitude.
➢ Falling intonation: The voice falls on the final stressed syllable of a
phrase or group of words. This is common in wh-questions.
➢ Rising intonation: The voice rises at the end of a sentence. This is
common in yes-no questions.

5. Phonetic Transcription
➢ Phonetic transcription is a written representation of spoken
words using a phonetic alphabet to show how the words are
pronounced.
➢ The most common phonetic alphabet is the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

6. PHONETIC TRANSCRIPTION USED IN A VARIETY OF CONTEXTS
➢ Dictionaries, glossaries, and word lists: To help people learn how to
pronounce words or names they encounter for the first time.
➢ Public speaking and media: To ensure that unfamiliar terms or names are
pronounced correctly
➢ Language learning: To help non-native speakers pronounce words
accurately
➢ Opera librettos: To provide authoritative transcriptions