Micropropagation and commercial exploitation in horticulture cropsDheeraj Sharma
Micro-propagation – principles and concepts, commercial exploitation in horticultural crops. Techniques - in vitro clonal propagation, direct organogenesis, embryogenesis, micrografting, meristem culture. Hardening, packing and transport of micro-propagules.
Micropropagation and commercial exploitation in horticulture cropsDheeraj Sharma
Micro-propagation – principles and concepts, commercial exploitation in horticultural crops. Techniques - in vitro clonal propagation, direct organogenesis, embryogenesis, micrografting, meristem culture. Hardening, packing and transport of micro-propagules.
Micropropagation is a proven means of producing millions of identical plants under a controlled and aseptic condition, independent of seasonal constraints. It not only provides economy of time and space but also gives greater output and allows further augmentation of elite disease free propagules.India is homeland of many important fruit crops such as Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Guava (, Psidium guajava), jamun or black plum (Syzygium cuminii L. Skeels.), Mango (Mangifera indica) and Papaya (Carica papaya).
The slides are about the cultivation techniques of Arabian date palm to provide primary knowledge to the interested people to grow the palm in small scale farm or backyard.
Micropropagation is a proven means of producing millions of identical plants under a controlled and aseptic condition, independent of seasonal constraints. It not only provides economy of time and space but also gives greater output and allows further augmentation of elite disease free propagules.India is homeland of many important fruit crops such as Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), bael (Aegle marmelos Corr.), Guava (, Psidium guajava), jamun or black plum (Syzygium cuminii L. Skeels.), Mango (Mangifera indica) and Papaya (Carica papaya).
The slides are about the cultivation techniques of Arabian date palm to provide primary knowledge to the interested people to grow the palm in small scale farm or backyard.
Presentation on diseases of cotton plants Santosh pathak
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium.
Cotton is the king of fibres, usually referred as white gold .
Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tones annually, accounting for 2.5% of the worldˋs arable land. China is the worldˋs largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically
Damping-off |Symptoms, Causes, Control and Management Mamoona Ghaffar
It's an overview about most prevalent plant disease attack on seedlings .the disease incidence is dependent more upon the conditions under which the seedlings are grown than upon the particular species of plant concerned.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI support
Botrytis Bunch Rot
1. Joy Hilton
Hort 5031: Final Draft
11/05/2007
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly- A Grape Growers Guide to Botrytis Bunch Rot – Botrytis
cinerea-
Botrytis bunch rot, or gray mold of grape, is a common problem for most small fruit growers in
Minnesota. Fortunately the grape cultivars commonly grown in Minnesota tend to show resistance
to this pathogen. This fungus has a large host range and has been seen on raspberries, strawberries,
and grapes. The greatest losses, on grapes, due to Botrytis are found in tight-clustered varieties of
Vitis vinifera and French Hybrids (Ellis, 2004).
World wide, Botrytis cinerea has caused and annual loss of harvest around 20% with an estimated
cost of 10-100 billion dollars a year in economic loss. Costs to control Botrytis have been recorded
as high as 780 million dollars in 2002 (Genescope, 2002). Luckily, for Minnesota, our hardy
grapes and harsh climate have helped to minimize the impact of this pathogen.
Botrytis bunch rot is known as both the vulgar rot and the noble rot when referring to its effect on
wine. Both vulgar and noble rot are caused by Botrytis cinerea, and the type of rot is dictated by
specific climatic changes. Botrytised wines are known under the names of Sauternes from
Bordeaux, Tokaji from Hungary, and Rheingau from Germany (Jackish, 1985). They require a
skilled winemaker and many years to produce, but the effort is well worth it. Many wineries
charge anywhere an average of $40-150 for a .75ltr bottle compared to charging $12-$40 for a
normal white wine (La Cave, 2007).
Symptoms
Some symptoms may be observed in early spring, but the most obvious are not seen until after
veraison, the ripening of the berry, when it is too late to prevent.
Vegetative:
The first symptoms of Botrytis may be observed in early spring on buds and young shoots.
Infected shoots and buds may turn brown and dry out. Before
bloom leaves may exhibit large, irregular, reddish brown, necrotic
patches that are usually localized on the edge of the lamina
(Pearson, 1998). A gray mold may or may not bee observed on the
leaf.
Botrytis can invade the inflorescences before bloom. If this happens Photo by Jay W. Pscheidt, Oregon State University
they will wither or dry out and fall off the vine (Pearson, 1998). This stage of infection can lead to
high yield losses. The pathogen then moves to the end of stamens of aborted berries still attached
to the clusters. From these infections Botrytis moves to the pedicel or rachis creating small patches
that start out brown and turn black. By the end of the season, these infections can girdle the rachis
causing any berries below the infection site to wither and drop off (Pscheidt, 2007).
2. Newly grafted cuttings being incubated at 86oF (30oC) with high humidity may be infected and
destroyed by the rapid growth of Botrytis. The pathogen also develops quickly under the film used
to seal a graft union and will inhibit the development of the union (Pearson, 1998).
Fruit:
Berry infection, the most common infection, can seriously
reduce the quality and quantity of the crop (Ellis, 2004). After
veraison, grapes are infected through the epidermis or wounds.
Botrytis will progressively invade the entire cluster. It will
develop faster in tight clusters where berries are compressed
together. The infection tends to start in the center of a cluster and
spread out to the entire bunch (Pearson, 1998). www.answers.com/topic/noble-rot
Infected berries will appear in late summer. The first sign may be small brown spots on maturing
berries or the skin may slip off easily when rubbed (Pscheidt,
2007). White grapes will start to turn brown while purple grapes
turn reddish in color. If the weather is dry the grapes will dry
out, but wet weather will cause them to burst and a gray mold
will form on the surface (Pearson, 1998). Rotted berries will
eventually shrivel and drop off the vine as mummies, hard dead
grape tissue (Ellie, 2004).
Photo by Ed Hellman, Oregon State University
Disease Cycle
Botrytis cinerea has a wide host range attacking both cultivated and wild plants (Agrios, 2005). It
can live as a saprophyte, attains food, on necrotic, senescent or dead tissue (Pearson, 1998). This
pathogen overwinters as sclerotia, hard resistant structures, on debris in the vineyard floor or on
the vine (Agrios, 2005). These sclerotia are resistant to harsh weather and will usually germinate
in the spring.
In the spring, Botrytis sclerotia germinate and produce
conidia, thought to be the primary source of inoculum for
prebloom infection of leaves and clusters (Pearson, 1998).
The conidia are disseminated by both wind and rain to
plant material. They germinate when temperatures are
between 34-86oF (1-30oC) with 64oF (18oC) being the
optimal temperature. If the conidia are in free water
germination is also stimulated by nutrients from pollen or
leaves (Pearson, 1998). If there is no free water Ohio State, Fruit Production IPM Manual
germination occurs when the relative humidity is at least
90%. Under optimal temperatures and relative humidity, or free water, infection can occur within
fifteen hours (Pearson, 1998).
Later in the season hyphae will penetrate directly through the epidermis of the berries that were not
infected during bloom. Wounds caused by insects, powdery mildew, hail or birds greatly help to
facilitate infection (Agrios, 2005). Swelling in tightly packed clusters can cause berries to rupture
creating excellent infection sites for the pathogen. The wet and humid conditions around the berry
3. clusters at the end of the season greatly enhance the occurrence of infection (Pscheidt, 2007).
After infecting the berry, Botrytis may stay dormant until the fruit sugar content increases and the
acid level decreases enough to support the pathogens growth (Ellis, 2004).
Control Strategies
Proper site selection is the first step in controlling Botrytis bunch rot. Start with a site where vines
are exposed to sun all day since this pathogen thrives in wet and humid conditions. Choosing
resistant cultivars, such as Frontenac and Frontenac Gris, is also important in reducing the impact
of Botrytis bunch rot (Rombough, 2002).
The most efficient way to control Botrytis bunch rot is the use of good cultural practices. Utilize
pruning and training systems to improve air circulation which promotes rapid leaf drying. This
will help reduce the high relative humidity the pathogen needs to infect the plant. Remove leaves
around the grape cluster at shatter (Pscheidt, 2007). This will increase air circulation directly
around the cluster. Proper pruning, to 1½ leaves thick, will also help with full spray coverage and
canopy penetration. Avoid applying excessive nitrogen that will stimulate lush tender growth that
is more susceptible to the pathogen (Rombough, 2002).
Clear crop debris from the ground after leaf drop or incorporate it into the soil at the beginning of
the season. This will reduce the overwintering inoculum in the vineyard. Proper weed control and
good soil drainage will reduce the relative humidity which increases the spread of the pathogen.
Implementing a properly timed spray program, organic or conventional, is essential for managing
Botrytis bunch rot in the vineyard. The general schedule for growers who know Botrytis is a
problem in the vineyard has four stages (Pscheidt, 2007). The first spray treatment is normally at
the end of bloom or the beginning of fruit set. The second application is just before berry touch.
The third is at the start of veraison, and the last is three weeks before harvest if rain is expected.
Noble Rot
Under specific climatic conditions Botrytis cinerea is
known as the noble rot. This type of infection is highly
sought after in many regions of Europe, creating some of
the world’s best sweet white wines. In order for this
pathogen to become the noble rot, the temperature needs
to be between 68-77oF (20-25oC) during the infection
phase. The relative humidity needs to be between
85-95%. Once the infection has occurs the relative
humidity needs to drop down to 60%. This humidity
drop is the key factor, in dehydration of the berries,
needed to create botrytised wines (Dharmadhikari, 2007).
The best known botrytised wines, Sauternes, are produced naturally in France, Hungary and
Germany. The natural conditions in the field make it possible to sporadically make these sought
after wines. Some vineyards in California are producing botrytised wines. They start by wetting
the grapes and purposely infecting them with Botrytis cinerea. They hold the humidity at the
required level for up to fifteen hours then drop it back down. Other wineries in New York are
4. infecting ripe harvested grapes with naturally occurring Botrytis cinerea and holding them at
specific temperatures and humidity for two weeks (California, 2007). These techniques are new in
the wine industry and come with some risk.
Botrytis cinerea creates many changes within the berry. The mycelium penetrates the grape skin
allowing the berry to dry. This dehydration leads to a concentration of sugars. The osmotic
pressure inside the berry causes the metabolic activity of the pathogen to decrease enabling
vintners to create the sweet botrytised wine (Dharmadhikari, 2007).
The pathogen causes significant changes in the composition of the
grape. The mold consumes 35-45% of the sugar from the berry, but
overall concentration increases due to dehydration (Dharmadhikari,
2007). Tartaric and malic acids are metabolized, increasing the pH of
the must. Botrytis noble rot can cause filtration problems and inhibit
alcoholic fermentation. It also destroys aroma components, such as
terpenes and phenolic compounds, which make it detrimental to red
wine production (Dharmadhikari, 2007).
These compositional changes require special vinification techniques to
be used by the vintners. Since the botrytised grape must has a higher Photo by William J. Moller, UC IPM Online,
sugar content than normal must, it ferments much slower (Jackisch,
1985). The sugar actually retards the yeast growth in the must. Skin contact should be very
minimal to avoid contact with any secondary molds. It is necessary to continually monitor the
volatile acidity during and after fermentation to protect the wine from oxidation. The winemaker
must also monitor to adjust the amount of alcohol, acid, and sugar to inhibit laccase, which causes
browning (Jackisch, 1985). The high-density of the juice makes it difficult to clarify the wine.
The wine is usually fermented in oak and stored in oak casks. Unlike other wines, it is racked
every three months for one year. It is then fined at the end of the first and second year (Jackisch,
1985). Botrytised wines are not ready to be bottled for three years, unlike normal wines, justifying
the added expense to the consumer.
Depending on humidity, vintner knowledge and winemaker skill, Botrytis cinerea can be a
winery’s best friend or worst enemy. If this pathogen infects the vineyard early in the season a
significant yield loss can be expected. If it attacks grapes at the end of the season and the humidity
stays high entire clusters will be lost or ruin the quality of the wine. This common and aggressive
pathogen can sit out the harsh seasons, can live off dead tissue, and even wait for sugar levels to
increase in the grape. Because of this any growers producing susceptible grapes must follow a
rigorous spray and cultural practice program. If a vintner is lucky and the grapes are infected but
the humidity drops, then high quality and high priced botrytised wines may be created. Many
growers do not take this risk and work hard to keep Botrytis cinerea out of their vineyards.
References:
Agrios, G.N. 2005, Plant Pathology, Fifth Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, pg. 510-514.
5. California Food and Wine Magazine, 2007, Golan Heights Winery Develops Botrytis Technology
in Venture with Tel Aviv University, http://www.californiawineandfood.com/wine/golan-heights-
botrytis-venture.htm.
Dharmadhikari, M. Accessed 2007, Botrytis cinerea in Winemaking, Iowa State University
Extension, http://www.extension.iastate.edu/NR/rdonlyres/173729E4-C734-486A-
AD16-778678B3E1CF/56372/botrytiscinerea1.pdf
Ellis, M. Doohan, D. Bordelon, B. Welty, C. Williams, R. Funt, R. Brown, M. 2004. Midwest
Small Fruit Pest Management Handbook. The Ohio State University Extension. 133-134.
http://ohioline.osu.edu/b861/.
Genescope, Botrytis cinerea Estimated losses to vineyards in France, (Annual Report, UIPP,
2002).
Jackisch, P. 1985, Modern Winewmaking, Cornell University Press, pg. 173-174.
La Cave Spirituelle, 2007, http://www.wines-and-spirits.com/bordeaux/sauternes/.
Pearson, R. Goheen, A. 1998. Compendium of Grape Diseases, pg. 13-14.
Pscheidt, J. 2007, Grape-Botrytis bunch rot, Oregon State University Extension, http://plant-
disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=514.00000.
Rombough, L. 2002, The Grape Grower, A Guide to Organic Viticulture, Chelsea Green
Publishing, pg. 96-97.