This document outlines Botswana's efforts to diversify its economy through growing the manufacturing sector. It discusses Botswana's national policies aimed at economic diversification, the challenges faced by manufacturing firms in Botswana including access to financing and skilled labor, and strategies for growing the manufacturing sector such as improving the regulatory environment and developing workforce skills. The overall goal is to assess Botswana's diversification efforts and identify ways to promote sustainable growth in the manufacturing industry.
Malawi National Industry Policy: Situation analysis: issues and evidence pape...IFPRIMaSSP
Industrial policy has a mixed track record at best, and governments have made costly mistakes. But industrial policy does not always fail. Indeed, government activity in markets is often the critical difference between sectors' growth and competitiveness. In this era of heightened activism as governments seek to restore economic growth, what matters is understanding what approaches are likely to work best, when and where. The worst outcome for governments is failing to do their homework and spending scarce public resources on ineffectual forays into the market. The latest economic literature on industrial policy is based on institutional and evolutionary economics. The former calls for industrial policy to be about the process of setting de facto policy; while the latter calls for it to be about the process of learning by the productive economy. Our assessment is that it should be about policy. Therefore we recommend to the Government of Malawi that the Industrial Policy to be primarily about: [1] getting the process for policy making and programming right, based on identifying and addressing binding constraints through coordinated policies and programs; [2] getting the process for productive economy learning right, based on supporting economic spill-overs and learning activities, networks and incentives; and [3] calling for policy and budgeting decisions (which set de facto policy), that are needed to address current binding constraints to industrialization, as identified in the National Export Strategy, the Diagnostic Trade Integrated Study and the background research for this Issues Paper on Industrial Policy.
Nepal foreign trade structure and related issuesRoshan Pant
Nepal has pursued open market policies since the 1990s but still faces major trade challenges. It has a large and growing trade deficit due to much higher imports than exports. Exports are primarily low value goods while imports are higher value machinery and consumer goods. Nepal's two largest trading partners, India and China, make up the vast majority of its trade but the balance is heavily skewed towards imports. To address these issues, Nepal is working to boost investment, improve infrastructure at borders, enhance connectivity to markets, and develop export-oriented industries through various trade policies and development plans. However, high costs, non-tariff barriers, and lack of competitiveness continue to hamper Nepal's ability to increase exports and reduce its large
Presentation on Trade policy 2072 NepalBijay pandey
This document summarizes Nepal's new trade policy of 2072. It aims to promote domestic industries, manage growing imports, and boost exports in order to make trade an engine of economic development. Some key points are:
- It was formulated based on previous trade policies and to take advantage of bilateral, regional, and multilateral trade arrangements.
- Nepal faces a large trade deficit due to high imports and low exports.
- The policy seeks to enhance export competitiveness, reduce the trade deficit, and align with other related policies to impact trade.
Singapore developed its economy through ambitious planning and an outward orientation. Key government agencies were created to attract foreign investment and promote exports, including the Economic Development Board (1961), Trade Development Board (1983), and SPRING Singapore (1996). SPRING helps enterprises grow and builds trust in Singapore's products and services. It provides financing support, capabilities development, access to markets, standards and quality assurance, and oversees consumer good safety. SPRING works closely with industry associations to strengthen industry clusters and cross-industry collaboration. It assists businesses through programs such as the Innovation and Capability Voucher to improve capabilities.
This document discusses vertical industrial policy and argues that it is an illusion for poverty reduction. It defines vertical and horizontal industrial policy. Vertical policy selectively favors certain industries while horizontal policy benefits all industries equally through public goods. The document outlines several arguments against vertical policy, including rent-seeking, information problems, inflexibility, targeting the wrong sectors, and susceptibility to shocks. It also discusses preconditions like governance, institutions, and development framework that are often lacking. Case studies of Malaysia and Sierra Leone show how horizontal policies may be better for building capabilities and innovation. The conclusion is that the best vertical policy for poverty reduction is no policy at all.
1. This document provides an overview of Nepal's trade policy and macroeconomic situation. It discusses key sectors like agriculture, services, industry, and trade. The services sector now accounts for 50.1% of GDP, up from 45.9% in 2004/05, while agriculture and industry have declined slightly.
2. Agriculture remains important for the economy and employment, but has grown slowly at 2.81% from 2004/05-2010/11. The government is focusing on commercializing agriculture and boosting productivity through irrigation, technology, and research. Key agricultural exports include lentils, tea, coffee, ginger, and cardamom.
3. The services sector, particularly remittances, tourism,
This document provides a summary of a project report on a visit to the Trade and Export Promotion Centre in Nepal. The report includes an introduction to Nepal's economy and the objectives of the Trade and Export Promotion Centre. Some of the key findings from the visit were that India is Nepal's largest trading partner, accounting for over 60% of both imports and exports. There is a large trade deficit, with imports being around 9 times the value of exports. The report also outlines some of the existing challenges to Nepal's trade, including poor product quality, lack of access to markets, and outdated technology.
Malawi National Industry Policy: Situation analysis: issues and evidence pape...IFPRIMaSSP
Industrial policy has a mixed track record at best, and governments have made costly mistakes. But industrial policy does not always fail. Indeed, government activity in markets is often the critical difference between sectors' growth and competitiveness. In this era of heightened activism as governments seek to restore economic growth, what matters is understanding what approaches are likely to work best, when and where. The worst outcome for governments is failing to do their homework and spending scarce public resources on ineffectual forays into the market. The latest economic literature on industrial policy is based on institutional and evolutionary economics. The former calls for industrial policy to be about the process of setting de facto policy; while the latter calls for it to be about the process of learning by the productive economy. Our assessment is that it should be about policy. Therefore we recommend to the Government of Malawi that the Industrial Policy to be primarily about: [1] getting the process for policy making and programming right, based on identifying and addressing binding constraints through coordinated policies and programs; [2] getting the process for productive economy learning right, based on supporting economic spill-overs and learning activities, networks and incentives; and [3] calling for policy and budgeting decisions (which set de facto policy), that are needed to address current binding constraints to industrialization, as identified in the National Export Strategy, the Diagnostic Trade Integrated Study and the background research for this Issues Paper on Industrial Policy.
Nepal foreign trade structure and related issuesRoshan Pant
Nepal has pursued open market policies since the 1990s but still faces major trade challenges. It has a large and growing trade deficit due to much higher imports than exports. Exports are primarily low value goods while imports are higher value machinery and consumer goods. Nepal's two largest trading partners, India and China, make up the vast majority of its trade but the balance is heavily skewed towards imports. To address these issues, Nepal is working to boost investment, improve infrastructure at borders, enhance connectivity to markets, and develop export-oriented industries through various trade policies and development plans. However, high costs, non-tariff barriers, and lack of competitiveness continue to hamper Nepal's ability to increase exports and reduce its large
Presentation on Trade policy 2072 NepalBijay pandey
This document summarizes Nepal's new trade policy of 2072. It aims to promote domestic industries, manage growing imports, and boost exports in order to make trade an engine of economic development. Some key points are:
- It was formulated based on previous trade policies and to take advantage of bilateral, regional, and multilateral trade arrangements.
- Nepal faces a large trade deficit due to high imports and low exports.
- The policy seeks to enhance export competitiveness, reduce the trade deficit, and align with other related policies to impact trade.
Singapore developed its economy through ambitious planning and an outward orientation. Key government agencies were created to attract foreign investment and promote exports, including the Economic Development Board (1961), Trade Development Board (1983), and SPRING Singapore (1996). SPRING helps enterprises grow and builds trust in Singapore's products and services. It provides financing support, capabilities development, access to markets, standards and quality assurance, and oversees consumer good safety. SPRING works closely with industry associations to strengthen industry clusters and cross-industry collaboration. It assists businesses through programs such as the Innovation and Capability Voucher to improve capabilities.
This document discusses vertical industrial policy and argues that it is an illusion for poverty reduction. It defines vertical and horizontal industrial policy. Vertical policy selectively favors certain industries while horizontal policy benefits all industries equally through public goods. The document outlines several arguments against vertical policy, including rent-seeking, information problems, inflexibility, targeting the wrong sectors, and susceptibility to shocks. It also discusses preconditions like governance, institutions, and development framework that are often lacking. Case studies of Malaysia and Sierra Leone show how horizontal policies may be better for building capabilities and innovation. The conclusion is that the best vertical policy for poverty reduction is no policy at all.
1. This document provides an overview of Nepal's trade policy and macroeconomic situation. It discusses key sectors like agriculture, services, industry, and trade. The services sector now accounts for 50.1% of GDP, up from 45.9% in 2004/05, while agriculture and industry have declined slightly.
2. Agriculture remains important for the economy and employment, but has grown slowly at 2.81% from 2004/05-2010/11. The government is focusing on commercializing agriculture and boosting productivity through irrigation, technology, and research. Key agricultural exports include lentils, tea, coffee, ginger, and cardamom.
3. The services sector, particularly remittances, tourism,
This document provides a summary of a project report on a visit to the Trade and Export Promotion Centre in Nepal. The report includes an introduction to Nepal's economy and the objectives of the Trade and Export Promotion Centre. Some of the key findings from the visit were that India is Nepal's largest trading partner, accounting for over 60% of both imports and exports. There is a large trade deficit, with imports being around 9 times the value of exports. The report also outlines some of the existing challenges to Nepal's trade, including poor product quality, lack of access to markets, and outdated technology.
This document summarizes research from a collaborative program between the AfDB, Brookings Institution, and UNU-WIDER examining industrial development in Africa. The research included case studies of 11 countries exploring industrialization trends and public policy evolution. Key findings include that exporting increases firm productivity, capabilities are gained through exporting and supply chain links, and agglomerations provide productivity gains. The research points to the need for Africa to coordinate export promotion, build firm capabilities, and strengthen clusters to better compete globally and increase manufacturing.
Economic environment of business by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Neeraj Bhandari
The document discusses the economic environment of business. It defines business and outlines its key characteristics including profit motive, risk, and continuity of transactions. It then explains the importance of analyzing a business's internal and external environments. The internal environment includes organizational strengths and weaknesses, while the external or macro environment comprises factors like the economic, technological, political, and social landscapes that are outside a firm's control. Conducting a SWOT analysis allows a business to identify opportunities and threats in its task environment. Understanding how these internal and external factors interact is essential for strategic decision-making and helps businesses adapt to changes, spot new opportunities, and address potential threats in the economic environment.
This document discusses India's industrial policy reforms since 1991. It provides background on the objectives of India's original industrial policies following independence in 1948, which aimed to rapidly develop agriculture and industry, create jobs, and reduce poverty and economic disparities. The key industrial policy resolutions from 1948 to 1991 are outlined. The 1991 reforms deregulated industry, reduced licensing, opened the economy to foreign investment, and aimed to make industry more competitive and integrated with the global market. The impact was increased technology, production diversity, and competition but also job losses and increased economic instability.
The Government of India announces its Export Import Policy every five years through the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The policy aims to develop export potential, improve export performance, encourage foreign trade, and create a favorable balance of payments position. The current policy covers 2004-2009 and is updated annually on March 31st. Trade policies can be free or protective, and outward or inward looking. An outward looking policy encourages free trade and movement of capital/people, while an inward looking policy stresses domestic development and restrictions on cross-border movement. The history of India's EXIM policy began in 1962 and aims to boost exports and control unnecessary imports.
India liberalized its economy in 1991 which opened up trade and investment. Nepal also liberalized in the 1990s and signed a bilateral trade treaty with India in 1996 to support reforms. India remains Nepal's largest economic partner, accounting for over 40% of Nepal's trade. However, issues remain around the trade imbalance, unauthorized trade, and security concerns along the porous border. Both countries are exploring opportunities to increase cooperation in areas like hydropower, tourism, education, and foreign investment.
The document summarizes Pakistan's Trade Policy for 2009-2012. It outlines the policy's aims of promoting economic growth, employment opportunities, and poverty alleviation through private sector development and investment in human resources. It reviews Pakistan's export and import trends, identifying challenges like the global economic slowdown, high costs, and security issues. Opportunities mentioned include market access through trade agreements and potential in various industries. The strategic framework aims to address supply constraints and better connect supply and demand through synergizing various policies.
The document discusses export development in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's exports have grown in recent years but at a slower rate than other Asian countries. Pakistan's export base remains narrow, relying on a few low value-added products like cotton and rice. The government has implemented several measures to promote exports, including diversifying products and markets, increasing value-added in exports, setting up export processing zones, and improving infrastructure and trade procedures. The goal is to make Pakistan's exports more competitive globally and increase its share of international trade.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's Industrial Policy 2016. It discusses the history of industrial policies in Bangladesh since independence in 1971, with 11 policies introduced up to 2016. The key focus of these policies was encouraging private sector growth, reducing the role of public sector, and stimulating industrial development. The Industrial Policy 2016 aims to make Bangladesh a middle-income country by 2021 through public-private partnerships and massive industrialization to raise industry's contribution to GDP and employment. It defines large, medium, small and other industry categories based on employment and asset size.
The document discusses incentives provided by the dti, South Africa's department of trade and industry, to support local businesses through various financial and non-financial programs, including rebates, grants, and cost sharing, with the goal of promoting economic growth, job creation, and industrial competitiveness. The dti offers incentives across multiple industry clusters and sectors and provides an overview of the application process for these incentives.
Economic Report 2013 key messages: Making the Most of Africa’s CommoditiesDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses strategies for African countries to promote industrialization and economic transformation through commodity-based industrialization. It argues that massive industrialization based on adding value to Africa's natural resource commodities can help address issues like unemployment, poverty, and inequality. Countries are encouraged to develop forward and backward linkages in commodity sectors to maximize benefits. Success requires understanding factors like global value chain dynamics, firm strategies, infrastructure, and implementing supportive policies. Recommendations include designing industrial policies within development frameworks, developing country-specific strategies, enforcing supply chain programs, and developing local skills and technologies.
The document summarizes the incentives provided by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in South Africa to support businesses and economic growth. The DTI aims to promote an inclusive economy through various financial and non-financial support programs. It supports key sectors through clusters and offers different categories of incentives including grants, cost sharing, and rebates for activities like skills development, innovation, and market access. The summary provides contact details for an DTI representative who can assist with applications for these incentives.
China's business environment in 2015 is expected to remain volatile as economic reforms continue under Xi Jinping. While reforms will cause short-term uncertainties, new opportunities will emerge for companies in different sectors. International companies need to focus on sector opportunities and avoid distractions from volatility. Recent reforms have opened state-controlled sectors like oil and gas to private investment. However, prospects vary significantly between sectors and require individual assessment.
Enhancing Singapore’s SME strategy for broad-based growthParth Tewari
The document discusses strategies for enhancing Singapore's SME sector. It begins by highlighting the importance of focusing on helping local firms achieve over $100 million in annual revenue. It then reviews global SME trends, such as case studies from Chile and Austria. Three ideas are proposed to further strengthen Singapore's SME strategy: 1) Target promising international micro-markets beyond major cities, 2) Help SMEs move up the technology capability curve through industry collaboration, and 3) Provide support to competitive SMEs in a more systematic yet inclusive way by defining high-potential firms and tracking their progress. The presentation concludes by emphasizing that competitive SMEs disproportionately contribute to job growth and therefore deserve targeted assistance.
The document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to the present. It discusses the key objectives and provisions of various policy resolutions and statements over time, including promoting development in key industries, balancing the roles of public and private sectors, and supporting small/medium enterprises. It also outlines current definitions for micro, small, medium and large industries and some major issues and recommendations regarding small and medium enterprises. The industrial policy for 2010-2015 aims to promote investment and competitiveness.
Africa Purposeful Market - Product Strategy for 2014Cole Wirpel
Based on six weeks of market research by Tabiness Simwa from Kenya, these are proposed market - product strategies for entities in Africa to implement to raise TNs that will develop leadership and positively impact society
Industrial strategy & the future of skills policygohar Iqbal
The document discusses challenges facing UK skills policy and industrial strategy. It notes that the UK lags in skills qualifications compared to other countries, and there is a mismatch between the skills employers demand and what employees possess. Current policies have a narrow focus on specific sectors and technology innovation without considering people management and workplace issues. The document suggests a broader focus is needed on the demand for skills, improving workplace productivity, and linking employment regulation to good workplace practices to address skills shortages and stagnating wages.
Kenya has implemented various industrial policies aimed at fostering industrialization and developing a globally competitive manufacturing sector by 2030. However, past policies based on import substitution and structural adjustment did not lead to significant industrial development. Kenya's current policies focus on improving infrastructure, access to finance, value addition in key sectors, innovation, and workforce skills. However, challenges remain including high costs, lack of competitiveness, weak policy coordination, and dumping of imports. Kenya is working to address these challenges through strategies like developing special economic zones and improving regional connectivity and trade.
The document discusses the evolution of industrial policy in India from 1948 to the present. It outlines the key objectives of industrial policies over time, including promoting industrialization, reducing economic disparities, and defining the roles of the public and private sectors. More recent policies have aimed to liberalize the economy by reducing licensing restrictions and opening sectors to greater private and foreign investment. The current industrial policy landscape in India is substantially changed from earlier policies that emphasized state control and import substitution.
The document summarizes India's foreign trade policies from 1947 to the present. It discusses the objectives and key highlights of different phases of foreign trade policy before 1991, which focused on import substitution and export promotion. After 1991, policies liberalized trade and promoted exports. Recent policies aim to increase India's share of global exports to 3.5% by 2019-2020 and double exports of goods and services by 2014 through various incentive schemes like MEIS, SEIS, and EPCG which allows import of capital goods at concessional duty rates with export obligations.
Mukesh Gulati presentation for the 20th TCI Global ConferenceTCI Network
Clusters of small and medium enterprises are an important part of India's industrial landscape. They account for around 70% of manufacturing output and are characterized by geographic aggregation and inter-linkages. Integrating cluster policy into India's broader industrial policy can help foster more inclusive and sustainable growth. This involves developing a cluster-based approach for infrastructure investment, harnessing existing social networks within clusters, capturing economic and environmental data at the cluster level, reforming financial systems to better support clusters, and improving cross-ministerial coordination of national initiatives within clusters. Taking a cluster-centric view can provide alternative models for decent employment generation and clean production while respecting local social contexts.
The document summarizes South Africa's national policies that support small business development and entrepreneurship. It discusses 9 key policies and strategies, including the micro-economic reform strategy, Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative South Africa, Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment strategy, National Youth Enterprise strategy, and strategies focusing on gender empowerment, franchising, cooperatives, and forestry enterprise development. The policies aim to expand access to finance, markets, procurement opportunities, and business support for small businesses in order to promote inclusive economic transformation and growth.
The document discusses the need for Pakistan to develop a comprehensive SME policy and implementation framework to support SME development. It notes that while SMEDA has made progress, a single organization alone cannot address all the issues facing SMEs. A coherent policy is needed that defines the roles of different public and private sector institutions and addresses key areas like the business environment, access to finance, skills development, and entrepreneurship promotion. The document outlines some of the specific policy measures and principles that should be included in a national SME policy and implementation plan to better support SME growth and job creation in Pakistan.
This document summarizes research from a collaborative program between the AfDB, Brookings Institution, and UNU-WIDER examining industrial development in Africa. The research included case studies of 11 countries exploring industrialization trends and public policy evolution. Key findings include that exporting increases firm productivity, capabilities are gained through exporting and supply chain links, and agglomerations provide productivity gains. The research points to the need for Africa to coordinate export promotion, build firm capabilities, and strengthen clusters to better compete globally and increase manufacturing.
Economic environment of business by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )Neeraj Bhandari
The document discusses the economic environment of business. It defines business and outlines its key characteristics including profit motive, risk, and continuity of transactions. It then explains the importance of analyzing a business's internal and external environments. The internal environment includes organizational strengths and weaknesses, while the external or macro environment comprises factors like the economic, technological, political, and social landscapes that are outside a firm's control. Conducting a SWOT analysis allows a business to identify opportunities and threats in its task environment. Understanding how these internal and external factors interact is essential for strategic decision-making and helps businesses adapt to changes, spot new opportunities, and address potential threats in the economic environment.
This document discusses India's industrial policy reforms since 1991. It provides background on the objectives of India's original industrial policies following independence in 1948, which aimed to rapidly develop agriculture and industry, create jobs, and reduce poverty and economic disparities. The key industrial policy resolutions from 1948 to 1991 are outlined. The 1991 reforms deregulated industry, reduced licensing, opened the economy to foreign investment, and aimed to make industry more competitive and integrated with the global market. The impact was increased technology, production diversity, and competition but also job losses and increased economic instability.
The Government of India announces its Export Import Policy every five years through the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The policy aims to develop export potential, improve export performance, encourage foreign trade, and create a favorable balance of payments position. The current policy covers 2004-2009 and is updated annually on March 31st. Trade policies can be free or protective, and outward or inward looking. An outward looking policy encourages free trade and movement of capital/people, while an inward looking policy stresses domestic development and restrictions on cross-border movement. The history of India's EXIM policy began in 1962 and aims to boost exports and control unnecessary imports.
India liberalized its economy in 1991 which opened up trade and investment. Nepal also liberalized in the 1990s and signed a bilateral trade treaty with India in 1996 to support reforms. India remains Nepal's largest economic partner, accounting for over 40% of Nepal's trade. However, issues remain around the trade imbalance, unauthorized trade, and security concerns along the porous border. Both countries are exploring opportunities to increase cooperation in areas like hydropower, tourism, education, and foreign investment.
The document summarizes Pakistan's Trade Policy for 2009-2012. It outlines the policy's aims of promoting economic growth, employment opportunities, and poverty alleviation through private sector development and investment in human resources. It reviews Pakistan's export and import trends, identifying challenges like the global economic slowdown, high costs, and security issues. Opportunities mentioned include market access through trade agreements and potential in various industries. The strategic framework aims to address supply constraints and better connect supply and demand through synergizing various policies.
The document discusses export development in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan's exports have grown in recent years but at a slower rate than other Asian countries. Pakistan's export base remains narrow, relying on a few low value-added products like cotton and rice. The government has implemented several measures to promote exports, including diversifying products and markets, increasing value-added in exports, setting up export processing zones, and improving infrastructure and trade procedures. The goal is to make Pakistan's exports more competitive globally and increase its share of international trade.
The document summarizes Bangladesh's Industrial Policy 2016. It discusses the history of industrial policies in Bangladesh since independence in 1971, with 11 policies introduced up to 2016. The key focus of these policies was encouraging private sector growth, reducing the role of public sector, and stimulating industrial development. The Industrial Policy 2016 aims to make Bangladesh a middle-income country by 2021 through public-private partnerships and massive industrialization to raise industry's contribution to GDP and employment. It defines large, medium, small and other industry categories based on employment and asset size.
The document discusses incentives provided by the dti, South Africa's department of trade and industry, to support local businesses through various financial and non-financial programs, including rebates, grants, and cost sharing, with the goal of promoting economic growth, job creation, and industrial competitiveness. The dti offers incentives across multiple industry clusters and sectors and provides an overview of the application process for these incentives.
Economic Report 2013 key messages: Making the Most of Africa’s CommoditiesDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses strategies for African countries to promote industrialization and economic transformation through commodity-based industrialization. It argues that massive industrialization based on adding value to Africa's natural resource commodities can help address issues like unemployment, poverty, and inequality. Countries are encouraged to develop forward and backward linkages in commodity sectors to maximize benefits. Success requires understanding factors like global value chain dynamics, firm strategies, infrastructure, and implementing supportive policies. Recommendations include designing industrial policies within development frameworks, developing country-specific strategies, enforcing supply chain programs, and developing local skills and technologies.
The document summarizes the incentives provided by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in South Africa to support businesses and economic growth. The DTI aims to promote an inclusive economy through various financial and non-financial support programs. It supports key sectors through clusters and offers different categories of incentives including grants, cost sharing, and rebates for activities like skills development, innovation, and market access. The summary provides contact details for an DTI representative who can assist with applications for these incentives.
China's business environment in 2015 is expected to remain volatile as economic reforms continue under Xi Jinping. While reforms will cause short-term uncertainties, new opportunities will emerge for companies in different sectors. International companies need to focus on sector opportunities and avoid distractions from volatility. Recent reforms have opened state-controlled sectors like oil and gas to private investment. However, prospects vary significantly between sectors and require individual assessment.
Enhancing Singapore’s SME strategy for broad-based growthParth Tewari
The document discusses strategies for enhancing Singapore's SME sector. It begins by highlighting the importance of focusing on helping local firms achieve over $100 million in annual revenue. It then reviews global SME trends, such as case studies from Chile and Austria. Three ideas are proposed to further strengthen Singapore's SME strategy: 1) Target promising international micro-markets beyond major cities, 2) Help SMEs move up the technology capability curve through industry collaboration, and 3) Provide support to competitive SMEs in a more systematic yet inclusive way by defining high-potential firms and tracking their progress. The presentation concludes by emphasizing that competitive SMEs disproportionately contribute to job growth and therefore deserve targeted assistance.
The document provides an overview of India's industrial policies from 1948 to the present. It discusses the key objectives and provisions of various policy resolutions and statements over time, including promoting development in key industries, balancing the roles of public and private sectors, and supporting small/medium enterprises. It also outlines current definitions for micro, small, medium and large industries and some major issues and recommendations regarding small and medium enterprises. The industrial policy for 2010-2015 aims to promote investment and competitiveness.
Africa Purposeful Market - Product Strategy for 2014Cole Wirpel
Based on six weeks of market research by Tabiness Simwa from Kenya, these are proposed market - product strategies for entities in Africa to implement to raise TNs that will develop leadership and positively impact society
Industrial strategy & the future of skills policygohar Iqbal
The document discusses challenges facing UK skills policy and industrial strategy. It notes that the UK lags in skills qualifications compared to other countries, and there is a mismatch between the skills employers demand and what employees possess. Current policies have a narrow focus on specific sectors and technology innovation without considering people management and workplace issues. The document suggests a broader focus is needed on the demand for skills, improving workplace productivity, and linking employment regulation to good workplace practices to address skills shortages and stagnating wages.
Kenya has implemented various industrial policies aimed at fostering industrialization and developing a globally competitive manufacturing sector by 2030. However, past policies based on import substitution and structural adjustment did not lead to significant industrial development. Kenya's current policies focus on improving infrastructure, access to finance, value addition in key sectors, innovation, and workforce skills. However, challenges remain including high costs, lack of competitiveness, weak policy coordination, and dumping of imports. Kenya is working to address these challenges through strategies like developing special economic zones and improving regional connectivity and trade.
The document discusses the evolution of industrial policy in India from 1948 to the present. It outlines the key objectives of industrial policies over time, including promoting industrialization, reducing economic disparities, and defining the roles of the public and private sectors. More recent policies have aimed to liberalize the economy by reducing licensing restrictions and opening sectors to greater private and foreign investment. The current industrial policy landscape in India is substantially changed from earlier policies that emphasized state control and import substitution.
The document summarizes India's foreign trade policies from 1947 to the present. It discusses the objectives and key highlights of different phases of foreign trade policy before 1991, which focused on import substitution and export promotion. After 1991, policies liberalized trade and promoted exports. Recent policies aim to increase India's share of global exports to 3.5% by 2019-2020 and double exports of goods and services by 2014 through various incentive schemes like MEIS, SEIS, and EPCG which allows import of capital goods at concessional duty rates with export obligations.
Mukesh Gulati presentation for the 20th TCI Global ConferenceTCI Network
Clusters of small and medium enterprises are an important part of India's industrial landscape. They account for around 70% of manufacturing output and are characterized by geographic aggregation and inter-linkages. Integrating cluster policy into India's broader industrial policy can help foster more inclusive and sustainable growth. This involves developing a cluster-based approach for infrastructure investment, harnessing existing social networks within clusters, capturing economic and environmental data at the cluster level, reforming financial systems to better support clusters, and improving cross-ministerial coordination of national initiatives within clusters. Taking a cluster-centric view can provide alternative models for decent employment generation and clean production while respecting local social contexts.
Mukesh Gulati presentation for the 20th TCI Global Conference
Similar to 9._Growing_Manufacturing-_Assessing_Botswanas_Diversification_Efforts_through_Manufacturing_Sector_Growth_Keineetse_Motlhanka_Dr._Herbert_Mapfaira
The document summarizes South Africa's national policies that support small business development and entrepreneurship. It discusses 9 key policies and strategies, including the micro-economic reform strategy, Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative South Africa, Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment strategy, National Youth Enterprise strategy, and strategies focusing on gender empowerment, franchising, cooperatives, and forestry enterprise development. The policies aim to expand access to finance, markets, procurement opportunities, and business support for small businesses in order to promote inclusive economic transformation and growth.
The document discusses the need for Pakistan to develop a comprehensive SME policy and implementation framework to support SME development. It notes that while SMEDA has made progress, a single organization alone cannot address all the issues facing SMEs. A coherent policy is needed that defines the roles of different public and private sector institutions and addresses key areas like the business environment, access to finance, skills development, and entrepreneurship promotion. The document outlines some of the specific policy measures and principles that should be included in a national SME policy and implementation plan to better support SME growth and job creation in Pakistan.
1. The document discusses the need for Pakistan to develop a comprehensive SME policy and framework to support SME development led by the government.
2. It notes that while SMEDA has helped support SMEs, a single organization is not enough and a coherent policy across government institutions is needed.
3. The proposed SME policy would address issues like the business environment, access to finance, skills development, technology and marketing to help SMEs grow and create jobs.
1. The document discusses the need for Pakistan to develop a comprehensive SME policy and framework to support SME development led by the government.
2. It notes that while SMEDA has helped support SMEs, a single organization is not enough and a coherent policy across government institutions is needed.
3. The proposed SME policy would address key areas to support SME growth like business regulations, access to finance, training, and promoting entrepreneurship. It aims to help SMEs contribute to economic growth, jobs, and reducing poverty in Pakistan.
This document summarizes a presentation given on citizens economic empowerment in Zambia. It discusses how previous empowerment programs since independence had limited success, leading to the creation of the Citizens Economic Empowerment Commission and Act in 2005 and 2006. The presentation outlines the pillars of empowerment including equity ownership, skills development, access to finance, and preferential procurement. It acknowledges challenges in implementation and outlines plans to further develop empowerment products, simplify the application process, and promote land titling to support empowerment going forward. Chiefs are recognized as important champions for their subjects' economic empowerment.
The document discusses the need for a national policy for MSMEs in India and outlines various action areas to be addressed in the policy. Key points include:
- It seeks comments on the draft national policy for MSMEs by February 28th, 2022.
- The vision is to stimulate efficiency, productivity, income, employment and global competitiveness of the MSME sector.
- Objectives include facilitating infrastructure, access to finance, technology, skills development, ease of doing business reforms.
- Action areas to be covered in the policy are intergovernmental roles, legislation, access to finance, technology, skills, EoDB measures, and an MSME exit code.
- Specific
Government assistance to firms to go head tohead with rivals ASHISHKUMARMISHRA48
This Presentation is about how Government is helping the firms to sustain in the market and how with help of advantages provided by the Government firms are flourishing
Government Assistance to Firms to go Head to Head with RivalsPriyanshiSingh88
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Similar to 9._Growing_Manufacturing-_Assessing_Botswanas_Diversification_Efforts_through_Manufacturing_Sector_Growth_Keineetse_Motlhanka_Dr._Herbert_Mapfaira (20)
1. Keineetse Motlhanka
Department of Industrial Design and Technology,
University of Botswana
Herbert Mapfaira
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Botswana
Growing Manufacturing:
Assessing Botswana’s Diversification Efforts
Through Manufacturing Sector Growth
2. Outline
Introduction
Research Motivation
Botswana’s Diversification Efforts
Challenges Faced by Manufacturing Firms
Strategies for Growing Manufacturing
Conclusions
3. Introduction
Importance of Manufacturing
• Manufacturing success has been the path for economic
growth for developed nations:
• England, US, Germany, Japan, and more recently, newly
industrialized nations like Singapore, Korea, Taiwan and China
• Manufacturing is a key driver of rapid long-term sustainable
economic growth:
• It adds value
• It creates more jobs than any other sector
• It drives innovation throughout every segment of the society
• It delivers consumer solutions
• A vibrant manufacturing sector therefore plays an important
role in maintaining a globally competitive innovative
economy.
4. Research Motivation
Manufacturing in Botswana
• The government of Botswana has formulated a number of
national policies and strategies to promote the growth and
development of the economy.
• One key national policy is Vision 2016.
• To implement the Vision 2016 Strategy, the government is
encouraging and supporting setting up of new enterprises in
different sectors of the economy by different stakeholders.
• For much of the past two decades, the emphasis on
diversification has been on developing the manufacturing
sector.
• Diversification efforts in manufacturing have not been generally
successful – the sector has largely remained stagnant.
5. Manufacturing in Botswana
Performance of Manufacturing Sector contribution to total GDP in
Botswana (Siphambe 2007) :
Research Motivation
Composition of GDP by sector for period 1966 - 2006 (IMF World Economic Outlook database)
1966: 5.6% 1975-76: 8.2% 1990-91: 5.0% 2005-06: 3.4%
7. Research Motivation
By promoting diversification into manufacturing and other
sectors, the government hopes to promote sustainable
development of the economy:
With the different economic sectors playing an important role.
Despite government efforts in promoting the manufacturing
sector, it remains in an ‘infancy stage’, contributing
significantly less to the economy, compared to other sectors.
This study therefore aims to:
Review government efforts in diversification of the economy through
growing the manufacturing sector.
Identify challenges faced by manufacturers in starting and in
growing their firms.
Draw some lessons for Botswana from the success story of other
countries.
8. Diversification Efforts
Vision 2016
Introduced in August 1996.
Aims to achieve sustainable economic growth – to triple the 1996 real
GDP per capita by 2016.
Initially more emphasis in manufacturing, but now diversification
efforts have broadened: Business and Financial Services, Tourism
and diversification within the Mining Sector.
Recent growth in economic activity is still based around Mining.
Strategy unlikely to be achieved – (2013 budget speech, mid-term
review of NDP 10).
Economic Diversification Drive (EDD)
Aims to achieve diversification through product and market
diversification in addition to "the primary sector, services sector and
the manufacturing sector.
EDD developed strategies for the leather, dairy, textile and clothing
industries during the 2012/2013 financial year – (Republic of
Botswana 2014 Budget Speech).
9. Diversification Efforts
National Development Plan 10
Aims to create business opportunities for the private sector.
NDP 10 has identified Tourism, International Financial Services,
Energy, Agriculture and Manufacturing as the main potential sectors
for diversification“ – (2009-2013 country strategy paper: Botswana,
2009).
The Financial Assistance Policy (FAP)
Started in 1982.
Consisted of a capital grant to assist in the start up or expansion of
Manufacturing, Agriculture and Tourism projects – (Sekwati 2010).
Focused on more socio-economic issues which included female business
starters being "eligible to claim a 15% subsidy of the total investment“
and "FAP favouring rural areas over urban areas“ – (Owusu & Samatar
, 1997).
Recommendations from its fourth evaluation report led to the cessation
of the FAP programme as it highlighted issues "of abuse, overinvestment
in rarely used machinery and poor monitoring" (Owusu & Samatar
1997).
Replaced by the Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency in 2001.
10. Diversification Efforts
The Botswana Development Corporation (BDC)
2008: - BDC invested P309 million into the start up of the Glass
manufacturing project in Palapye.
2009: - BDC invested P183 million in various manufacturing projects
alone.
- P75 million was invested into the can manufacturing project.
- P500 million was invested into various projects including a footwear
manufacturing project.
BDC Challenges:
Failure of high investment manufacturing projects:
• Lobatse Tile: An investmet of P170 million was liquidated.
• Golden Fruit: Initially set up through the BDC but faced financial
problems which required for it to be bailed out by P24 million.
• Fengyue Glass Manufacturing: BDC has invested approx. a Billion
Pula into the project which was later liquidated before it started
operation.
• Motor Company of Botswana (Hyundai): BDC invested P85.6 million
and the project operated for only seven years (1993 – 2000) before
being liquidated.
11. Diversification Efforts
Botswana Export Development and Investment Authority (BEDIA)
Established in 1997
Core mandate is to promote the establishment of manufacturing
businesses in Botswana
Main objectives to identify markets outside the country for locally
produced goods.
Assists external investors in setting up business in the country with
minimal hassle from all bureaucratic procedures.
Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency (CEDA)
started in 2001 to provide citizen owned businesses with loans at
subsidized interest rates.
Local Enterprise Authority (LEA)
Established in 2004
An initiative of the SMME policy aimed at promoting entrepreneurship
within small scale businesses.
Provides training, mentorship and incubation to small enterprises
12. Challenges Faced by
Manufacturing Firms
• Poor work ethic of the labour workforce
• Poor labour productivity
• Lack of creativity and innovation
• As a result, the sector is uncompetitive
• Poor access to finance
• High cost of borrowing (prime rate 15 – 17%)
• Inhibits firm creation, growth and development
• Lack of skilled labour which affects:
• Development of new goods
• Development of new markets for products
• Development new advanced production processes
• Small market size
• Companies need to be globally focussed to justify investment
• Botswana’s proximity to South Africa, which is more competitive and
has a larger market size.
13. Poor enterprise and entrepreneurship promotion
• Poor entrepreneurial skills (Inhibits creation of new firms and growth
existing firms)
• Lack of business start-up training
• Poor dissemination of information on government assistance
programmes
Excessive government laws and regulations resulting in a hostile
business environment
Affects business through cost of compliance
Inhibits formation, registration & growth of new firms
61 days to set up a company in Botswana
3 days to set up a company in Mauritius
Sub-Saharan Africa average – 45.6 days
Encourages informal practices and corruption
Capacity constraints in terms of infrastructure
E.g. Access to a reliable supply of electricity and water
Challenges Faced by
Manufacturing Firms
14. Strategies for Growing
Manufacturing
• Introduce a globally competitive regulatory framework and
improve performance of government bureaucratic processes
• Remove administrative and regulatory barriers to new firm entry and
growth
• Speed up business set up process,
• Remove resource and cost burdens associated with compliance
• Reduce regulatory burden faced by Manufacturing SMEs by developing
differentiated tax policies for relatively new firms (e.g. tax holidays for
start-ups)
• Provide access to cheap financing to new firms and manuf’ng SMEs
• Find better ways to efficiently use production factors such as natural
resources, labour, physical and human capital
• Promote adoption of workplace productivity improvement strategies
like Lean Manufacturing.
• Productivity gains in a firm = increased business profitability
• Increased profitability facilitates business expansion and investment in
R&D and new advanced technology
• The main force for high, long-term economic growth rate is productivity
gains in existing firms
15. Strategies for Growing
Manufacturing
• Develop science, technology and innovation policy which
promote advance manufacturing
• Development of globally competitive innovative products
• Development of advanced manufacturing processes
• Adopt innovation through imitation to facilitate learning by
implementation – manufacture products designed elsewhere –
facilitates technology transfer
• Promote innovative / technological entrepreneurship
• Increase the frequency of creation of high growth firms (resources,
financing, networking, etc)
• Increase innovation and R&D in manufacturing SMES (networking,
universities, etc.)
• Adopt education and workforce policy that develops superior
talent
• Ability to develop and attract the world’s most talented workers - Key to
creativity and innovation
• Stronger collaboration between manufacturers and universities
16. Conclusions &
Recommendations
• For the past two decades, Botswana has been on a drive to
promote manufacturing sector growth
• Growth of sector largely remained stagnant.
• Challenges faced by the sector includes:
• Capacity constraints in terms finances, human capital, infrastructure
which inhibits creativity and innovation
• Poor workplace productivity which results in high cost of production
• An uncompetitive regulatory framework resulting in a hostile business
environment.
17. Conclusions &
Recommendations
Recommended strategies to grow the manufacturing sector
includes:
Development of appropriate industrial policies:
• To promote creation of high-growth manufacturing start-ups.
• To remove administrative and regulatory barriers to new firm
entry and growth
• To promote adoption of workplace productivity improvement
strategies to increase profitability and growth
• To promote creativity and innovation.
• To facilitate firm development and attraction of the world’s most
talented workers
• To facilitate stronger collaboration between manufacturers and
innovation ecosystem (universities, etc)